CIENSlJJS Of DNDIA

1971

PUNJAB

BRIEF NOTES ON MOTHER TONGUES

(Based on 1961 Returns)

By
315.455 R. C. NIGAM
1971 ~NT REGISTRAR GENERAL, INDIA
IF THE REGISTRAR GENERAL, INDIA
Mot Ton (LANGUAGE DIVISION)
 LIST OF MOTHER-TONGUES (1961)
PUNJAB

SI. Name of Mother- Name in Local Comments, if any

No. tongues with Script
variant spellings
in brackets
1 2 3 4

Adivasi ( Adibasi, Could be helpful if ~J(.ci­

Adiwasi) fic tribal/community
name could be linked
up with mother-tongue
name.
'2 AfghanijKabuli/ ~GorTol t~T~:81 jU'tl"3.'
Pakhto/Pashto/ u;:;i'a!uo Tol
Pathani
3 African Return is after the name
of the continent. Spe-
cificmother-tongue names
will have to be as-
certained.
4 Aia Alam Unclassified in 1961
Census. Will need
further scrutiny.
5 Almori

6 Anal "POC3

7 Arabic/Arbi »{CI~l In 1961 Census some

Urdu speakers also
had returned Arabic/
Arbi as their mother-
tongue.

S Assamese ( Assami) WF[ll-il

9 Awadhi { Avadi) »{~l

10 Baghelkhandi ~ti18ci~1
(Bhugelkhud)
 2

SI. Name of Mother- Name in Local Comments, if any

No. tongues with Script
variant spellings
in brackets
1 2 3 4

11 Bagri ( Bagari,
Bagria, Bahgri )
12 Bagri-Rajasthani ~TaJ~l- 'a TtlRe: T'()l

13 Bahawalpuri ~T~'Sy''al

14 Baliai ( BaHam) e 81",,1 E1

15 Balochi/Baluchi ri~l

16 Bangaru ( Bangru, ~taJil. If returned again in

Banger, Bangri) 1971, then location of
speakers at the village
level need be specified.
17 Baori (Bawria, ~l){a1 The name of at least
Bawaria, Boari, one village of their
Boria) concentration from the
state will be required
to be noted.
18 Bashahri (Bhashehri. ~ij~al In 1961 Census was
Bushaitlari) grouped with Kiunthali.
19 Belgian ~c5tr1llio The Mother-tongue re-
turn is after the name
of the country. Speci-
fic language name viz••
Dutch or Flemish.
French. etc., as Mother-
tongue return would
be more useful.
20 Bengali ( BangIa.
Bangali)·
21 Bhadrawahi
(BhadarwaIi)
22 Bhandari (Bandari) e~TOl In 1961 Census was
grouped with Marathi.
23 Bharati (Bharti) .. 'BTOal More specific Mother-
tongue will have to be
ascertained.
 3

Sl. Name of Mother- Name in Local Comments, if any

No. tongues with Script
variant spellings
in brackets
1 2 3 4

24 Bharmauri/Gaddi ~"roHol
(Oadi)

25 Bhattiani (Bhatwan) ~fC>l-{lo1

26 Bhili ~l81

27 Bhojpuri (Bajpuri) ~iit101

28 Bhopali Appears to have been

returned after the name
of the city of Bhopal
to which the individual
might have belonged.
So actual Mother-tongue
name need be ascer-
tained.
29 Bhotia-Unspecified It would be better if
(Bhodi, Bhoti) specific Mother-tongue
names are available.
Even specific tribal/
community name of
Bhotia group will be
helpful.
30 Bhutani
31 Bihari Blanket sort of name
covering well known
languages like Maithili,
Bhojpuri, Majahi etc.
32 Bodo/Boro ai/aa
33 BoIti Zaban aB"3'l 'HaTo Unclassified in 1961 Cen-
sus will need scrutiny.
34 Braj Bhasha/
Braj Bhakha (Brij)
35 Bundelkhandi
36 Burmese
 4

SI. Name of Mother- Name in Local Comments, if any

No. tongues with Script
variant spellings in
brackets

2 4

37 Cambodian If returned again then

it may have to be
ascertained whether
French is meant.
"18 CanadhL'1 .. ~~hro Name after a country
where French and
English arc official
languages.
19 Canter If returned again loca-
tion of speakers at
village level need be
specified.
40 Chamrali In 1961 Census was
group cd cr..der Hirdi.

41 Changru If returned again loca-

tion of speakers at
village level need be
specified.

42 Chibhah
43 Chinese/Chini
44 Coorgi/Kodagu
(Khurgi, Kurgu,
Kurug, Coorgie)

45 Danish
46 Derawa]
47 DeswaIi/Hariani .. BtRTP;l/<:rfcr);fT'Ol Location of speakers at
village level need be
specified.
4~ Dogri
49 Dutch
 5

SI. Name of Mother- Name in Local Comments, if any

No. tongues with Script
variant spellings in
brackets

1 2 3 4
50 Dwed Boli Unclassified in 1961
Census. Will need
scrutiny.
51 English Ilfora til
52 French GotH1Hl
53 Garhwali (GadwaJi, or3~T'Bl
Ghadawad,
Godhwali)
54 Garo OTT~

55 German :;:JOH()l
56 Goanese (Goawari, c!pw()l
Goani, Goan)
57 Gohari Unclassified in 1961
Census. Will need fur-
ther scrutiny. ~
58 Gorkhali ( Gorkhi).. o1ClI::(18"l Nepali and Gorkhali
figures may be collec-
tively represented.
59 Greek l:i!()T()l
60 Gujarati (Gujrati) ~;:ro131

61 Gujjari O],;:rol
62 Himachali Name after a state where
several known dialects
are spoken.

63 Hindi

64 Hindko (Hind-Co)

65 Hindusthani

66 Ho
 6

Sl. Name of Mothar- Name ofLocal Comments, if any

No. tongues with variant Script
spellings in brackets ..,

1 2 3 4

67 Indonesian A general name for

broad geographical area
where known languages
like Javanese, Balinese,
Batak etc. are spoken.
68 Irish )){fOl3'

69 Italian fecT~'
70 Jabakhri ;:(l=£T1:Iol Unclassified in 1961
Census. Will need fur-
ther scrutiny.

71 Jadeji
72 Japanese
73 Jati (Jattia) Will need further scru-
tiny.

74 Jatki-Punjabi
75 Jhangi (Jhang) Was grouped under
Punjabi in 1961 Census.
76 Jokhri ;11:101 Was unclassified in 1961
Census. Will need fur-
ther scrutiny.

77 Kachchhi (Kachi) . . Cf6:1

78 Kalazan Was unclassified in 1961

Census. Will need
further scrutiny.
79 Kamari ofl-Jl-al
80 Kanashi , 01''011:11

81 Kanauri fq~ol

82 Kangali (Kengali) 0I'~orT'81 Will need scrutiny.

83 Kangri
 7

SI. Name of Mother- Name of Local Comments, if any

No. tongues with Script
variant spellings
in brackets

1 2 3 4

I 84 Kanki Unclassified in 1961

~I Census. Will need
further scrutiny.
8S Kannada ( Kanarsi, C!t'O;S
Kanari, Kanarese,
Kanadi, Conrise,
Kanada, Kanad,
Kanruse, Canarese,
Canari, Canarise)

86 Kantari If returned again loca-

tion of speakers at
village level need be
specified.
87 Karandgam If returned again loca-
tion of speakers at
village level need be
specified.
88 Kashmiri
89 Khandeshi Khandeshi is the name
of a district (former)
only. Actual Mother-
tongue name need be
ascertained.
90 Kharia
91 Khasi
92 Koukani ( Kokini
Kokoni, Kookni,
Koukini)

93 Kuki-Unspecified Speci,fic tribal/conunu-

nit:y name may have to
be linked up.

94 Kului ( Kulvi, 'C!:~1

Manali)
~
9S Kumauni ( Kumaoni, EiHGl
Kamauni)
 8

Si. Name of Mother- Name in Local Comments, if any

No. tongues with variant Script
spellings in brackets

1 2 3 4

96 Kundh Unclassified in 196 1

Census. Will nee d
further scrutiny.
97 Ladakhi
98 Lahori Name after Lahore a city
in Pakistan. Will need
scrutiny.
99 Lahuli «(I Lahanli,
Lahouli)J
lOll Lande( Landay, Will need scrutiny.
Landey, Lenda~)
101 Loasia Unclassi,ficd in 1961
Census. Will need
further scrutiny.
102 Lushai/Mizo liE~l

103 Madrasi HBcJTl11 A blanlect sort of name

covering known lan-
guages like Tamil,
Telugu, MaJayala m ,
Kannad, Tulu etc.
104 Maithili (Maestbialia) Hers',
u
105 Malabar Mother tongue name
after a Geographical
area indicating Tamil
or Malayalam.
106 Matai/MalayfMalaya/ H~IE11
Malayan
107 Malani
01
108 MaJayalaru
(Malayalam,
Malayami,
Malyalam)

109 Mandeali
 9

Sl. Name of Mother. Name of Local Comments, if any

No. tongues with variant Script
spellings in brackets

2 4
110 ManipurifMeithei
111 Mar Unclassified lJ1 1961
Census. Will need
further scrutiny.
112 Marathi (Maharathi, HOI01
Maharashtri)
113 Marwari HTo~r;3"1

114 MateH If returned aguin loca-

tion 0 f speake rs at village
level need be specified.

115 M a thu ri Hliol

116 Mewari H~''Sl

117 Mewati ( Mawati) H~T31

118 Multani l:(B3'o1

119 Mundari ( Mumari, H.~Tol
Mandari)

120 Nagari·Hindi otOTol/fti'-e-l If returned again only

Hindi as Mother tongue
name will be sufficient.

121 Neglo ~orEi Unclassified in 1961

Census. Will need
further scrutiny.

122 Nepali fmllBl-1 Gorkhali and Nepali

figures may be collec-
tively represented.

123 Odanwali €~o~lC?l If returned again local·

tiou of speakers at
village level need be
specified.
124 Oriya (Odia, ~'Sl))iT
Orissa, Oria, Oris,
Orria, Orrian, Orriya,
Urria)
 10

S1. Name of Mother- Name in Local Comments, if any

No. tongues with Script
variant spellings
in brackets

1 2 3 4

125 Padari (Paddri) tlt!'al

126 Pahari-Unspecified tI~Jlsl Specific name of the

spoken dialects would
be more helpfut

127 "Pangwali

128 Pattani (paton) If returned again lOca-

tion of speakers at
village level need be
specified.

129 Persian In 1961 Census some

Urdu speakers also re-
turned Persian as their
mother tongue.
130 Peshawari (Peshori) ftl"RT~o'

131 Portuguese l;!03OTT81

132 Pothwari (Pathibari, tIO~ral

Pathohari)

133 Punjabi
134 Purbi (Poorbi) 'Purbi' meaning the east
or 'Off the "east' is a
general name.
Actual Mother tongue
name need be ascer-
tained.

135 Rajasthani

136 Ramdasi UnClassified in 1961

Census. Will Dced
further scrutiny.

137 Rathauri

138 Roman Name of a Script. Also

Italian could be meant.

139 Rovabi Unclassified in 1961

Census. Will Deed
further scrutiny.
 11

S1. Name of Mother- Name in Local Comment, if any

No. tongues with Script
variant spellings
in brackets
1 2 3 4
140 Russian .
iiRl
141 Sairi Hal If returned again loca-
tion of speakers at
village level need be
specified ..
142 Sankara If returned again loca-
tion of speakers at vill-
age level need be speci-
fied.
143 Sanskrit Sanskrit as a Mother
tongue return need be
taken with certain
amount of reserve since
there is no information
of this language being
a current spoken form.
144 Santali (Santhiali,
Sentali)
145 Sasi Unclassified in 1961
Census. Win need fur-
ther scrutiny.
146 Serna (Seema) Rl-II

147 Sikkim Bhotia fRcrl-liel~'

148 Sindhi fRlll

149 SiraJi-Inner Siraji fRo'ffl
(Serji, Seraja)
150 Spanish HUnl
151 Spiti ( Spitian, mita-l
Spittian)
152 Swedish R~l~ol
153 Tamil 3'H'B'
154 Tandil cn~8 Unclassified in 1961
Census. Will need fur-
ther scrutiny.
 12

SI. Name of Mother- Name of Local Comments, if any

No. tongues with variant Script
spellings in brackets

1 2 4

155 Tankera Unclassified in 1901

Census. Will need fur-
ther scrutiny.
156 Telugu ( Talangi, 38d,!
TcJing~, Telgu)

157 Tibbetan ( Tibate, f3'831

Tibetan, 'tibbett,
Tibittan, Tibitan,
Tibbti, Dalai,
Tibtian, Tibtian,
Tibtian, Tibati,
Tibitian

158 Tulu (Tilu) 3'C!?

cc

159 Turkish/Turkistani ~oCl1 Returns should be re-

corded against these
two names separately.
160 Urdu ~o~
161 Yahudi f<J~g (f~f1o'Cil Unclassified in 1961
Census. Willneed fur-
ther scrutiny.
 PUNJAB

List of mother tongues (lliadi-Devoagari script)

13
 PUNJAB
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 17

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 1S

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272 DCO (Pb.)., Govt. Press, Chd.