Mekanika Tanah

PTP325
Kuliah 1

Juventa
Teknik Pertambangan
TEKBUM FST Unja
Email : bjuventa@gmail.com
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 Silabus

Setelah mengikuti perkuliahan ini, mahasiswa akan dapat:

1 Pendahuluan Kontrak dan Aturan Perkuliahan
1. M emahami dengan jelas kontrak dan peraturan
perkuliahan.

2 Komposisi Tanah

3 Ukuran Partikel

4 Klasifikasi Tanah

5 Permeabilitas Tanah

6 Kekuatan Tanah

7 Settlement
8 UTS

10

11

12 Kemantapan Lereng

13

14

15

16 UAS
Referensi :
1. M . Das, Braja, M ekanika Tanah (Prinsip-Prinsip Rekayasa Geoteknis) Jilid I&II, 1995, Erlangga. Alih Bahasa : M ochtar, Noor Endah. M ochtar , Indrasurya B.
 Penilaian

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INTRODUCTION
 Soil is a natural body consisting of layers
of mineral constituents of variable
thicknesses, which differ from the parent
materials in their morphological, physical,
chemical, and mineralogical
characteristics
Main Contents:
Preface

- Soil Physical Characteristics and Classification

- Permeability and Stress in Soil

- Deformation, Consolidation & Settlement

- Shear Strength Theory

- Earth Pressure & Retaining Walls’ Design

- Slope Stability

- Bearing Capability
 HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND
Geotechnical engineering has been practiced since antiquity. The first known building code
was the Sumerian Code of Lipit-Ishtar, found in Nippur in present day Iraq, and written
between 1868 to 1857 BC. It was soon followed by the code written by emperor Hammurabi
(1792-1750 BC), the founder of the Babylonian Empire. In the Code, there were detailed
punishments prescribed for poorly built foundations and buildings (see the next slide).

In India, some earth dams currently in use for irrigation were originally built 40,000 years
ago.
foundations 5,000
Chinese engineers developed stone mat years ago for buildings placed upon marshy soils
of the Yangtze River by linking the stones with lead keys.

Egyptian thinking was deeply rooted to their soil. In fact, the word “Egypt” meant “dark soil”
in the ancient Coptic language, derived from the black fertile mud that covered the land after
the annual flooding of the Nile each early June. Everything revolved around the Nile (named
“Hapi” by Ramses III), including the development of canals, levees and driven wooden piles
4,500 years ago.

Wood piles have recently been unearthed in Lucerne, Switzerland, that are over 4,000 years
old.

In Persia, aqueducts (“kanats”) were dug into mountains 10,000 years ago that are still in
daily use today. They supply endless water without pumps.

In Peru, steep slopes were stabilized with terraces for cultivation 8,500 years ago (slides of
the more recent terraces at Machu Picchu are shown next). The Inca’s developed their
famous road system (the Qhapaq Ñan) extending from Columbia to present day Argentina.
1. Soil Formations and
Deposits
1.1 Rock Cycles

Soils The final products

due to weathering are
soils

(Das, 1998)
1.2 Bowen’s Reaction Series
The reaction series are similar to the weathering stability
series.

More stable
Higher weathering resistance

(Das, 1998)
1.3 Weathering
1.3.1 Physical processes of weathering Chelation
Involvesthe complexing and
 Unloading removal of metal ions .
 e.g. uplift, erosion, or change in fluid Cation exchange
pressure.
 is important to the formation of
 Thermal expansion and contraction clay minerals

 Alternate wetting and drying Oxidation and reduction.

Carbonation
 Crystal growth, including frost action
isthe combination of carbonate
 Organic activity ions such as the reaction with CO2
 e.g. the growth of plant roots. 1.3.3 Factors affect weathering
Many factors can affect the
weathering process such as climate,
1.3.2 Chemical Process of weathering topography, features of parent
 Hydrolysis
rocks, biological reactions, and
others.
 is the reaction with water
Climate determines the amount of
will not continue in the static water. water and the temperature.
involves solubility of silica and alumina

(Mitchell, 1993)
1.4 Transportation of Weathering Products
1.4.1 Residual soils-
to remain at the original
place
 In Hong Kong areas, the top
layer of rock is decomposed
into residual soils due to the
warm climate and abundant
rainfall .
 Engineering properties of
residual soils are different
with those of transported
soils
 The knowledge of "classical"
geotechnical engineering is
mostly based on behavior of
transported soils. The
understanding of residual
soils is insufficient in general.
1.4.2 Transported soils-
to be moved and deposited
to other places.
 The particle sizes of transported
soils are selected by the
transportation agents such as
streams, wind, etc.
Interstratification of silts and
clays.
 The transported soils can be
categorize based on the mode of
transportation and deposition
(six types).
1.4.2 Transported Soils (Cont.)
(1) Glacial soils: formed by transportation and deposition of
glaciers.
(2) Alluvial soils: transported by running water and
deposited along streams.
(3) Lacustrine soils: formed by deposition in quiet lakes (e.g.
soils in Taipei basin).
(4) Marine soils: formed by deposition in the seas (Hong
Kong).
(5) Aeolian soils: transported and deposited by the wind (e.g.
soils in the loess plateau, China).
(6) Colluvial soils: formed by movement of soil from its
original place by gravity, such as during
landslide (Hong Kong). (from Das, 1998)
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