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Differences in Earth Earth can sustain
System of the Earth
layers life
Realise that Earth is the only
Earth structure, air layers and Based on composition and
place that can sustain life
water distribution. physical characteristics
based on its physical
characteristic.
1
Earth Structure
and Component
4 Main Components / Sphere
Hydrosphere
Water zone that includes rivers,
Atmosphere
lakes, seas and water trapped as Air zone covering the
ice, underground water and water Earth’s surface.
vapours.
Biosphere
Geosphere
Life zone consists of a
Rock and soil zone on the variety of life such as
Earth’s surface. humans, animals plants
and microorganisms.
Atmospheric
Stratification
5 Layers
• Contains light gases such as helium and hydrogen.
• Air becomes thinner towards space.
• Communication satellites
480 km and
above
0-13 km
• Layer where living organism breathes, wind blows and
clouds, rain and snow form.
Air Pressure VS
Alitude
• The higher the altitude, the lower the
air pressure.
Introduction
3 Groups of rocks:
3. Each type of rock forms differently
and takes thousand years to form.
Igneous rocks Metamorphic rocks
Sedimentary rocks
Types and Characteristics of Rocks
Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock
Exogenic process
Endogenic process
Erosion
Process of eroding of the
Weathering
Earth’s surface by moving
It is a process of rock
agents such as water, wind
fragmentation and
and wave.
decomposition due to
changes in temperature,
rainwater, frosting and
microorganisms.
Exogenic
Mass and Land Depletion
Transport & Process Involved in soil movement
curs on
Sedimentation Process that oc from the top of a slope to
e.
Earth’s surfac
Weathered or corroded below as a result of
materials will be moved by gravitational forces.
agents such as water wind,
waves and glaciers. These
materials will be
sedimented when the
agent’s velocity decreases.
Mantle convection process
High temperature in mantle Endoge
and the Earth’s core
produces convection currents
mantle
nic
in the asthenosphere layer.
These currents are able to • Process that is caused by
Process
move Earth’s crust. forces from within the
Earth.
• Forms and chages the
Earth’s surface.
Global warming
Volcanism
Earthquake
Landslide Sinkhole
Sinkhole Formation
Science & Technology for Geohazards
Preparation
Tsunami Detector
Landslide detector
Seismograph
Loss of Life
Diseases
Starvation
Damage to
Properties
9.5 Age
of Earth
Learning Objectives
1. Geological time scale of the Earth.
2. Method to determine the age of the Earth.
3. Fossils
4. The importance of fossils.
1
M.Y.: Millions
years
3
Geological Time Scale
1. It is estimated that the Earth’s age is about 4.5 billion years: based on meteorites
obtained.
2. Geologists define a long period of time is ERA.
3. Each era is divided into difference PERIODS.
4. There are 3 eras:
May be
polluted by: Can be polluted by:
Fertilisers Fertilisers
Pesticides
Pesticides
Waste from Chemicals from
housing areas industrial & landfills
Economic Minerals
Iron ore, tin, gold Coal, petroleum More than 1/17 rare earth
elements inside the Earth
crust.
Rare earth minerals
1. Even though almost all rare earth minerals can
be found in abundance, it is not easy to
separate them as an element.
2. Rare earth minerals have unique properties
makes them important in modern technology.
3. Computers, DVDs, communication devices
and other technologies use rare earth minerals.
4. Example: Neodymium, a type of rare earth
minerals which is used to make very strong,
permanent magnet in electronic devices
including smartphone.
Formation of Coal and Petroleum
Formation of Coal
Formation of Petroleum
Hydrothermal Pro
Formation of hot spring
To modify this graph, click on the link, change the data and paste the new graph here
5,030.800
Big numbers catch your audience’s attention
Our planet
● Mercury is the closest and
smallest planet
● Venus has a good name and is
the second
● Saturn has composed for
hydrogen and helium
● Jupiter is the biggest planet of
all them
Water in Climate Change
9,700 6,800
Liters in 2020 Liters in 2018
8,030 7,568
Liters in 2019 Liters in 2017
A Picture Is
Worth A
Thousand
Words!
2
Tips and
Recommendations
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
Recommendations
In Oceans In Forests
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun It has a beautiful name and is the second
in the Solar System planet from the Sun
“This is a quote, words full of wisdom that
someone important said and can make the
reader get inspired.”
— Eco Organization
Tips for Save the planet
Plastic
Other
To modify this graph,
click on the link, change
the data and paste the
new graph here 2018 2019 2020 2021
3
Practice Zero
Waste Concept
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
To do Volunteering Works...
A picture always reinforces the concept: Images reveal large amounts of data,
so remember, use an image instead of texts
Principal Recycling
Glass 20%
Plastic 80%
+30% +70%
Venus has a Mercury is the
beautiful name closest planet to
and is the second the Sun in the
planet Solar System
Green Tree of Features
Mercury Mars
B C
Mercury is the Mars is actually a
closest planet to the cold place. This
Sun and smallest planet is full of iron
one oxide dust
Venus
A D Jupiter
It has a beautiful Jupiter is a gas giant
name and is the and the biggest
second planet from planet in the Solar
the Sun System
Sustainable Development
Mercury is the closest planet
to the Sun and the smallest one
in the Solar System—it’s only
a bit larger than our Moon.
The planet’s name has nothing
to do with the liquid metal
since it was named after the
Roman messenger god,
Mercury
Sustainable Features Matrix
Sustainable Development
Promote Neptune is the farthest planet Favors
from the Sun
Health Environment
It’s the smallest planet in the It’s composed mostly of
Solar System hydrogen and helium
Values
Improvement It’s the biggest planet in the Stimulates
Solar System
Think
Green
Green
Technology.1
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Green
Technology.2
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and add yours
Green
Technology.3
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and add yours
Our Eco Team
Vectors: Photos:
● Save the earth hand drawn ecology badges
● Hand drawn ecology badges and stickers
● Hand drawn ecology badges pack
● Hand drawn ecology badges with tree and whale ● Group of people holding nameplate in hands
● Hand drawn ecology badges ● Empty plastic water bottles and plastic bag o
● Hand drawn ecology badges collection n sand
● Mother earth day stickers collection ● Close-up of tree trunks covered in snow
● Hand drawn ecology badges ● Close-up cows walking on dirt road
● Drawing of ecology badges collection ● Crane over building
● Business growth concept with plants and graph ● Eco friendly recycling concept
● Group of volunteers collecting garbage
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