Chapter 9 Earth

Earth System And ~ From the troposphere to

the stratosphere the
Structure altitude increases, the
4 Earth's components - lower the air pressure
atmosphere, biosphere, and the lower the
hydrosphere and temperature.
geosphere

Hydrosphere - water zone Stratification In The

Atmosphere - air zone Ocean
Geosphere - rock and soil Surface Zone
zones - water is very shallow
Biosphere - a zone of life and light can penetrate
it, allowing this zone to
Atmospheric stratification be ideal for plant habitat
exosphere - helium gas,
hydrogen (480KM and Midnight Zone
above) -have little or no light,
Thermosphere -ions plants are difficult to
reflecting radio waves survive but this level of
(80-480KM) depth becomes habitat for
Mesosphere -meteorite large marine animals.
burning and crushing
(50-80KM) Dark Zone
Stratosphere -ozone layer -no light can reach,
(13-50KM) animals in this zone
Troposphere -breathing have bodies that sparkle
living things, rain clouds or glow in the dark
and snow (0-13KM) studywithadmin - ns
Water cycle Earth Materials
i) Igneous
- formed from the process
of cooling and freezing of
magma or lava flowing
out of the mantle layer
- contains various
minerals

ii) Sediment
Earth's crust -formed from the
3 main layers compression of
-crust, coat and patio sedimentary materials
carried by rivers, glaciers,
Coat layer and winds
- lithosphere, - consists of many hollow
asthenosphere, layers and contains fossils
mesosphere
iii) Metamorphic
-formed when igneous
relief or sedimentary
rocks are exposed to very
high pressures and
temperatures
- harder than the
original rock that formed
it

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 The Process of Rock Formation

Earth's Main Process

i) Exogenous Process - occurs on the earth's surface.
Erosion, weathering, mass and land depletion,
transport and sedimentation

ii) Endogenous Process - occurs in the earth, shaping

and changing the surface of the earth. The process of
mantle convection, the movement of the earth's crust,
magma activity

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Geohazard phenomena Economic Mineralsmetals,
i) Volcanism non -metals and rare
ii) Global warming
iii) Tsunami Hydrothermal Process
iv) Landslides pool water is heated by
v) Submersible holes heat from the earth
vi) Earthquakes naturally or a
vii) Sloping soil hydrothermal process.
viii) Acid Rain

Age of the Earth Adverse effects of human

an estimated 4.5 billion activities
years from the meteorites 1) Soil Erosion
obtained. 2) Flash floods
3) Extinction of flora and
Fossils fauna
earth material that is
4) Water, air, thermal
sunk and buried
and noise pollution
5) Global warming
Earth resources and
applied geology
Surface water - found on
the surface of the earth
Groundwater - known as
an aquifer, it covers the
empty space between the
soil grains until the rock
level is impermeable to
water

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