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Reading & Writing

Quarter 4 – Module 6:
Writing Project Proposal and
Position Paper
Reading and Writing – Grade II SHS
Quarter 4 – Module 6: Writing Project Proposal and Position Paper
First Edition, 2020

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Reading &
Writing
Quarter 4 – Module 6:
Project Proposal and Position
Paper
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use
this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while
allowing them to manage their own learning at home. Furthermore, you are
expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included
in the module.

For the learner:

As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own
learning. Take time to read, understand, and perform the different activities
in the module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be reminded
of the following:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other
activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you
are not alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience
meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant
competencies. You can do it!

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 Let Us Learn!

As your facilitator, I expect you, as a learner,

to be able to identify the unique features and
requirements in composing texts that are useful
across disciplines specifically in writing Project
Proposal and Position Paper.

Specifically, this module will help you to:

1. understand the features and purpose of
project proposal and position paper;
2. follow the steps in the writing process of
project proposal and position paper;
3. write a well-written project proposal and
position paper based on purpose, audience
and topic; and
4. share your own ideas on how to write a
good project proposal and position paper.

Let’s begin your journey in learning a new lesson from this module. I know you
are excited and ready to answer the different activities and exercises. Good luck!

Let Us Try

ACTIVITY 1: Pre-Test
Read each test item carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. It is a document designed to present a plan of action, outline the reasons

why the action is necessary, and convince the reader to agree with and
approve the implementation of the actions recommended in the body of
the document.
a. Position paper b. Project proposal c. Essay d.Action plan

2. This refers to the part of a proposal where the reasons for doing the
project are presented as well as stating all of the objectives.
a. conclusion b. budget costing c. background d. methodology

3. Which of the following describes a stand or position on a particular issue

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supported with viable reasons for taking that position?
a. Project proposal b. Action plan c. Position paper d. Essay

4. This is where you put any additional charts, graphs, images, or reports
that were cited in the proposal.
a. table of contents b. methodology c. appendix d. cover page

5. It is where you can find counter arguments in a position paper.

a. body b. conclusion c. introduction d. title

For items 6-10 choose your answer from the choices below:
a. True b. False

6. In writing a position paper, one evidence is enough to support an

argument.

7. Defining the audience is needed in planning a project proposal.

8. Stating your stand/position in writing a position paper should be

presented at the introductory part of the paper.

9. Use of jargons and technical terms are allowed in writing a project

proposal.

10. Choose a topic that has multiple sides in writing a position paper.
11. This is where you can have the final moment to prove you have
adequately researched all solutions to the existing dilemma and that your
proposed strategy is the best for company/organization.
a. Project Summary c. Project Background
b. Project Outcome d. None of the above

12. Which of the statement is not true in choosing your position/stand?

a. Make sure that topic is not arguable.
b. Think about your views on the issue.
c. Consider your audience
d. Research your topic and alternative sides

13. Which of the following is not a part of a project proposal?

a. title c. counter-claim
b. background d. timeline/timetable

14. Arguments and evidences are found in what part of the position paper?
a. Introduction b. Conclusion c. Body d. Counter-Argument

15. Which of the following is true in writing a position paper?

a. Identify a counter-argument that can be easily dismissed.
b. Do not use statements that can be easily proven.
c. Costing of project must be transparent.

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 d. Use only one evidence to support your position.

Let Us Study

ACTIVITY 2: Cross and propose

Read and analyze the river crossing puzzle below. Propose a solution
and write a short explanation why you come up with that solution. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Maruel went to the market to buy a carrot

for his kimchi. On his way home, he found a stall
selling rabbits and bought one for his sister. To
get to his house, he needs to cross the river. On
the side of the river, he noticed something’s
hiding behind the grass. There he found a
piteous wolf who can’t cross the river by itself.
So, he decided to carry with him the wolf on his
boat to cross the river. Upon boarding the boat,
it began to slowly sink because it can’t carry the
weight of the carrot, rabbit, wolf and Maruel
himself. The boat can only carry a maximum of 2
crossing the river. However, Maruel cannot leave the carrot alone with the rabbit
because the rabbit will eat it nor he can leave the rabbit alone with the wolf
because the rabbit would be eaten by the wolf. Only Maruel and at most one
other item are allowed in the boat for each crossing. Also, only Maruel can
operate the boat. How can he get everything across the river safely?

PROPOSE A SOLUTION

MY EXPLANATION
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

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Lesson
Writing a Project Proposal
1

What is a Project Proposal?

A Project proposal is a document designed to present a plan of

action, outline the reasons why the action is necessary, and convince the
reader to agree with and approve the implementation of the actions
recommended in the body of the document. Typically, a project proposal is
the initial framework for establishing the concept of the project and includes
what you want to accomplish, an explanation of objectives, and plans for
achieving them. It is common for a project proposal to include a list of
activities or tasks that will be associated with the project, illustrate the
significance of this specific project idea, and explain the origins of this
project.
Project proposal is also the marketing document that kicks off a
relationship between an organization and outside project stakeholders.
Creating a proposal allows an organization to establish a formal, logical
presentation to an outside worker or project donor. As a student, you may
encounter project proposals in your organization or club. This often happens
when you are part of an organization or as a student government leader.
Student leaders used to make such project proposals for the student
organizations.

Planning your proposal

Writing a good proposal is a critical skill not only in occupations, but
also from school to business management. The goal of a proposal to inform
the appropriate people in order to gain support for your plan. It is important
to make the project proposal clear, concise, and engaging so that your ideas
or suggestions are more likely to be approved. There are several types of
proposals, but all follows the same basic guidelines.
When starting a proposal document, it is imperative to keep in mind
the following steps and guide questions during planning phase:
Define your audience - Who will be reading your proposal? What do
you want your audience to get from your proposal?
Define the problem - What is the situation this issue applies to? What
are the reasons behind this?
Conduct research on the current state of the issue and potential

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solutions - How would you like to solve it?
Determine the effect that this project will have on
company/organization’s success- Is the solution you're offering logical and
feasible?
Establish a timeline and determine the type and amount of
resources required - What's the timeline for your implementation?
Begin to outline your proposal document.

Writing your own proposal

Basically, there are seven key components or sections of a project
proposal.
Section 1. Project Title
This is the first part of a project proposal. The title of a proposal is as
important as the proposal itself, since it will give the readers the first
impression when they start reading it. You need to consider making your
title brief, sharp, and attractive hitting the point of what the proposal is all
about.
Section 2. Introduction (Project Information)
This section will tell readers what the project is all about, and why it
is worth taking the time to consider the project in the first place. Make sure
in this part that you start out with a fact and not an opinion. The
introduction is not the place to present the nuts and bolts of the project,
only to establish its potential and cultivate enough interest to encourage the
reader to learn more about the project.
Section 3. Background (Project Summary)
This is where the reasons for doing the project are presented as well
as stating all of the objectives. In this section in particular, it is very
important to write concisely and clearly. The background section expounds
the basic points of the introduction, often citing specific reasons why the
project plan is a good one, based on historical data, projections of future
needs and performance, and the current circumstances of the
business/organization.
Section 4. Project Methodology
This section outlines all procedures that are necessary to make the
project successful. This will also tell how the objectives mentioned in the
previous section will be achieved and what type of return can be expected
from the effort. Here, the reader begins to get an idea of how important the
project is and the potential it has to help the company/organization.

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Section 5. Project Costs/Budget
This section is dedicated to estimating the overall cost of the proposed
project. In this section, the detail must be backed up with facts and figures
that are well researched and cover every imaginable aspect of the financing
needed to launch and maintain the project over time.
Section 6: Conclusion/Outcome
This is the section where all of the benefits are spelled out clearly.
This is also the final moment to prove you have adequately researched all
solutions and your proposed strategy is the best for company/organization.
Section 7: Appendix
This is where you put any additional charts, graphs, images, or
reports that were cited in the proposal.

Useful tips in writing your project proposal

1. Do not use jargons. Use sentences that are clear, short, and direct to
the point. Don't beat around the bush. Go to the main point straight
away using simple words.
2. Present a realistic picture of any financial discussion or other
resources, and required expenses.
3. Do not try to use very twisty and tacky words, which are not used in a
normal conversation thinking that it would be useful and impressive.
4. Define your solutions. It should be feasible and achievable.

Sample project proposal

Title: New Phone Routing System

Introduction: Customer calls to our helpline are currently answered by an
assistant who asks the customer if they are calling to report a new problem or
to check the status of a previously reported issue. If the customer is calling
about a previously reported issue, the assistant asks the customer for the
Incident ID #. The assistant then places the customer on hold, calls a
customer service representative, advises the representative of the reason for
the call (new problem or Incident ID #), and transfers the caller.
Project Summary: The role of the assistant who answers the call could
easily be replaced by an automated system, which would allow the customer
to press 1 for a new problem or 2 for a previously reported issue. If the
customer pressed 2, they would be prompted to enter their Incident ID #. The
caller would then be routed to a customer service representative, along with
the Incident ID #, if applicable, which would be passed along via the phone

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system.
Methodology:
Steps Involved:
1. Purchase a new phone routing system that would allow these
capabilities.
2. Program and test the new routing system.
3. Convert Incident ID #s from a combination of letters and numbers to
numbers only.
4. Communicate the new workflow to customer service representatives.
Budget/Costing: The cost of the new phone routing system (approximately
$700 dollars). This cost would be miniscule compared with the savings over
time associated with the additional capacity of the assistants.
Conclusion: The new process would eliminate the need for assistants to
answer customer calls, freeing them up for other tasks. Each assistant
typically answers 30 calls per day. At an average of 42 seconds per call, this
would give each assistant an additional 21 minutes per day. Customer
service would be enhanced, as the first voice that would greet the customer
would be that of the customer service representative who will ultimately
assist them. The time associated with programming and testing and
developing the new ID system (48 total man-hours). Again, the time saved by
implementing the new procedure would more than make up for this initial
investment. Resistance of customers who do not prefer dealing with an
automated system. No solution is going to please every customer, but most
consumers today expect to be greeted with an automated system when
calling a business. One option is to allow customers to press 0 if they’re
unsure how to answer the automated questions. Customer service issues with
early callers whose ID # still contains numbers and letters. The above solution
concerning the 0 option would eliminate this problem as well.
Source: https://www.wikihow.com/Sample/Proposal-for-Process-Improvement

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 Let Us Practice

ACTIVITY 3: Project New Normal

You won Php 1,000,000 pesos worth of project during the raffle draw
bonanza of Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. As a senior high school student,
what project will you propose that is relevant to the new normal setting and
will be beneficial to the students like you in the community?
For the planning phase, complete the table below. Write your answer on
a separate sheet of paper.

PHASE ONE: Description

Planning your proposal
Target audience
Define the Problem/s
Potential Solution/s
Possible effect of the project on
company/organization/benefactor
Timeline
Budget/Resources
Let Us Practice More

ACTIVITY 4: Outlining Project New Normal

After the planning phase, it’s time to outline your project proposal. Use
the format below in outlining your proposal. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

PROJECT PROPOSAL

Title: ____________________________________________________________________
Introduction:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Project Summary:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Project Methodology:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________________
Project Cost/Budget:
___________________________________________________________________________
 CRITERIA Rate the written work form 1-5
(5 highest score; 1- lowest score)
Organization and Form The writer uses the standard and
complete form of a project proposal. It
utilizes one of styles in writing and
contains seven essential
parts/sections.
Elements/features of writing Project Each section of the proposal contains
Proposal appropriate information; the writer
clearly expresses the purpose of the
proposal. The body contains formal
language. There are no extraneous
details.
Grammar Usage and Mechanics There are no errors in grammar,
mechanics, and spelling.
Effectiveness The proposal is appealing, the
organization is convincing and the
writer developed sense of reliability.

Let Us Remember

A Project proposal is a document designed to present a plan of action,

outline the reasons why the action is necessary, and convince the reader to
agree with and approve the implementation of the actions recommended in
the body of the document.
Before writing a project proposal, you need to draft your plan first
taking into consideration the following guide questions and steps:
1. Define your audience
2. Define the problem
3. Conduct research on the current state of the issue and potential
solutions
4. Determine the effect that this project will have on
company/organization’s success
5. Establish a timeline and determine the type and amount of
resources required
6. Begin to outline your proposal document.
After the planning phase, you may now proceed to writing your
first draft containing the seven essential parts/sections of a project
proposal. These are:
1. Title 9
2. Introduction
3. Project Summary
4. Project Methodology
 Finally, after writing your proposal have time to edit or revise some
Activity
section if it’s 5: It’s a wrap!
needed. Consider the following useful tips during the editing
and revision phase.
Summarize the purpose and features of a Project proposal through the
graphic Do
1. not use
organizer jargons.
below. Use
Write sentences
your that
answer on are clear,sheet
a separate short,
of and direct to
paper.
the point. Don't beat around the bush. Go to the main point straight
away using simple words.
2. Present a realistic picture of any financial discussion or other
resources, and required expenses.
3. Do not try to use very twisty and tacky words, which are not used in a
normal conversation thinking that it would be useful and impressive.
4. Define your solutions. It should be feasible and achievable.

Project
Proposal

Parts/Features
1.
Uses/Purpose 2.
1. 3.
2. 4.
3. 5.
6.
7.

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 Let Us Assess
Read the project proposal of which the parts/features are
arranged in random order. Label each box the parts/features of
a project proposal. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. ____________________

The new process would decrease the likelihood of a claim’s

adjuster being involved in a serious accident, eliminating potential
worker’s compensation claims, health insurance premiums, poor
employee morale, and employees’ time off work. The new training
options would increase the likelihood of in-office adjusters being willing
to volunteer their time when a catastrophe strikes by boosting their
confidence in their ability to do so safely.

2. _____________________

The cost of additional ladders for the training

(approximately $320). This is a minor cost and would also be
offset, as explained above.
The time lost by employees undergoing the training (1 hour
per employee plus 30-minute refresher, if applicable). This
investment is miniscule when considering the value of the

3. _____________________

Outside claims adjusters who regularly inspect homes,

including roofs, are trained in ladder safety and get daily hands-
on experience handling and climbing ladders. In-office claims
adjusters watch a ladder safety video when they are hired but
receive little to no additional training thereafter. When
catastrophes strike and in-office claims personnel are solicited to
assist the outside claim representatives, they are inadvertently
put in harm’s way due to their relative inexperience with proper
ladder use.

4. __________________

Design and implement a new hands-on training program on ladder

safety.
Purchase additional ladders for use in the training.
All current in-office claims personnel attend the new training.
Design and implement a refresher course to be conducted when
catastrophes are declared.
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Conduct refresher courses for existing employees as needed.
 5. ____________________
Since all claim personnel could potentially be asked to
make site inspections, each new claim adjuster should receive
hands-on ladder safety training upon being hired. If called upon
to assist with a catastrophe situation, in-office adjusters should
be given the option of a brief refresher in ladder safety prior to

6. ___________________
Project Safety Ladder

Let Us Enhance
Review the project proposal that you have written in Activity 3 & 4.
Assess your own proposal and share your own idea about how to
write a well-written project proposal. Use the holistic rubric below in
assessing your proposal. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

The proposal has:

 Followed convention well by having proper punctuation, grammar,
and spelling
 A good organization of ideas
 A clear solution on the existing problem
 Has an effective introduction, body and conclusion
 Plan of action and timetable are achievable

My own ways on how to write a good project proposal:

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

Let Us Reflect
Reflect on what you have learned after taking up this lesson by
completing the phrase below.

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 I thought that ….

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

I have learned that….

_____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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Lesson
Writing a Position Paper
1
What is a Position paper?

A position paper describes a stand or position on a particular issue

supported with viable reasons for taking that position. It is based on facts
that offer concrete basis for their arguments. Position paper enables authors
to exchange views without requiring them to follow research format. In
schools, the commonly used type of position paper is the persuasive position
paper even though it can be u any of the other essay forms like definition,
description, and cause, evaluation, or problem solution. However, you need
to remember that the purpose of the paper is not to explore the issue but to
argue a particular position about the issue.
Example: "Do women make less money than men for the same job" is
something you can research and find a factual answer and so it isn't a good
position topic. But saying “Women are more successful than men in any
field” could generate a good argument because there is a contrary point of
view that you can write about.
Choosing your position
In stating your thesis or choosing your position, you need to consider
the following guide before writing your position paper:
1. Make sure your topic is arguable- choose a topic that’s interesting
and can make a claim that other people would disagree with. In short,
choose a topic that has multiple sides.
2. Research your topic and the alternative sides- make sure that you
fully understand your issue so that you can defend your position. The
background information, recent developments, and the reasons
behind each side should be considered.
3. Think about your views on the issue. – Brainstorm for strong views
about the topic which will help you build the argument.
4. Consider your audience. – Make sure that the arguments will appeal
to the kind of people who will read your position paper.
Building your argument
Below is a guide on how to build your argument in a position paper.
1. Establish your claim- based your claim on what you can prove with
your evidence
2. Identify your supporting reasons- your supporting reasons will come
directly from your evidence, so choose statements that you can prove
3. Compile your supporting evidence. - Identify which pieces of

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 evidence you will use to support your argument, and mark them in a
way that is convenient for you. You can either use index card or
directly type using your device.
4. Identify a counter-argument that you can easily dismiss. - A good
counter-argument is easy to dismiss, allowing you to refute it using
your evidence.
Position Paper format
I. Introduction
a. Identify the issue
b. State your position
II. Body Paragraphs
a. Argument #1
1. First piece of evidence
2. Second piece of evidence
b. Argument #2
1. First piece of evidence
2. Second piece of evidence
c. Argument #3
1. First piece of evidence
2. Second piece of evidence
d. Counterargument
1. Evidence from source(s)
2. Evidence from source(s) to refute opposing view
III. Conclusion
a. Overview of the paper’s key points
b. Statement to emphasize the position

Sample of a Position Paper

A Position Paper on the Death Penalty in the Philippines

By:Almer S. Cuerda
Introduction
Death penalty is a kind of capital punishment which refers to the death
sentence over a person who has been decided by the government as guilty of
committing capital crimes or offences. Death penalty in the Philippines is
stated on the Republic Act No. 7659 which is an act to impose the death
penalty for certain heinous crimes, amending for that purpose the revised
penal laws, as amended, other special penal laws, and for other purposes.
The death penalty can be traced back during the Pre-Spanish time
where Filipinos although infrequent, is already practicing it. The Spanish also
imposed it on locals who rebelled against them and it was retained during the
American period. The Martial Law in 1965-1986, even though it was

15
abolished during Cory Aquino’s term, it was re-imposed when Ramos stepped
into the presidency. It was also present in Estrada and Arroyo’s term.
This paper presents the pro and con of death penalty in the Philippines,
even though the death penalty is important to minimize the persons who have
got very hard crimes, but death penalty violates the person to live.
Counter Arguments
The overwhelming conclusion from years of deterrence studies is that
the death penalty is, at best, no more of a deterrent than a sentence of life in
prison. In fact, some criminologists maintain that the death penalty has the
opposite effect; that is society is brutalized by the use of the death penalty,
and this increases the likelihood of more murder.
Society has always used punishment is discourage would be criminals
from unlawful action. Since society has the highest interest in preventing
murder, it should use the strongest punishment available to deter murder,
and that is the death penalty. If murderers are sentence to death and
executed, potential murderers will think twice before killing for fear of losing
their own life.
Retribution is another word for revenge. Although our first instinct may
be to inflict immediate pain on someone who wrongs us, the standards of a
mature society demand a more measured response. The emotional impulse for
revenge is not a sufficient justification for invoking a system of capital
punishment. Our laws and criminal justice system should lead us to higher
principles that demonstrate a complete respect for life, even the life of a
murderer. Encouraging our basest motives for revenge, which ends in another
killing, extends the chain of violence. The notion of an eye for an eye, or a life,
is a simplistic one which our society has never endorsed.
When someone takes a life, the balance of justice is disturbed. Unless
that balance is restored, society succumbs to a rule of violence. Only the
taking of the murderer’s life restores the balance and allows society to show
convincingly that murder is an intolerable crime which will be punishment in
kind. Retribution has its basis in religious values, which have historically
maintained that it is proper to take an ‘’eye for an eye’’ and a life. Offenders
deserve the worst punishment under our system of law, and that is the death
penalty.
There is no proof that any innocent person has actually been executed
since increased safeguards and appeals were added to our death penalty
system in the 1970s. Even if such executions have occurred, they are very
rare. Imprisoning innocent people is also wrong, but we cannot empty the
prisons because of that minimal risk. If improvements are needed in the
system of representation, or in the use of scientific evidence such as DNA
testing, then those reforms should be instituted. However, the need for reform
is not a reason to abolish the death penalty. Besides, many of the claims of

16
innocence by those who have been released from death row are actually
based on legal technicalities.
The death penalty alone imposes an irrevocable sentence. Once an
inmate is executed, nothing can be done to make amends if a mistake has
been made. There is considerable evidence that many mistakes have been
made in sentencing people to death. Since 1973, at least 121 people have
been released from death row after evidence of their innocence emerged. For
every eight people executed, we have found one person on death row who
never should have been convicted. These statistics represent an in tolerate
risk of executing the innocent. Our capital punishment system is unreliable:
two thirds of all capital trials contained serious errors.
My Argument
Death penalty shows justice. There will be justice when we punish the
guilty. It shows quality, on T.V I have seen people being interviewed because
one or some of their relatives died. There are crying for help and wanting
justice for the death of their loved ones. I know for sure that justice can only
be the solution for them to be relieved. A serious crime must have serious
penalty and that is death. Justice can dignify a person.
According to Bedau H (1982), Most people have a natural fear of death-
it’s a trait man have to think about what will happen before we act, if we
don’t think it consciously, we will think about it unconsciously. Think, if every
murdered who killed someone died instantly, the homicide rate would be very
low because no one like to die. We cannot do this, but if the justice system
can make it more swift and severe, we could change the laws to make capital
punishment faster and make an appeal a shorter process. The death penalty
is important because it could save the lives of thousands of potential victims
who are at stake.
Conclusion
Death penalty is one of the debatable in the criminal justice system.
Today, there are many pros and cons to this death penalty issues. However,
if people weight the argument properly, and have empathy for the victims,
they will be more inclined to favor capital punishment. As a matter of fact,
most people in the Philippines today are in favor of it. But we need more
states to enforce the death penalty.

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Let Us Practice

ACTIVITY 1: Generate your idea

Share your opinion about the topics below. Write at least three
sentences in each statement showing your opinion. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Technology is making people less creative.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. Should homework be mandatory?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3.Equality can only be obtained if social stratification does not exist.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

4. The idea of beauty is always shifting.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

5. Are schools and teachers responsible for low test scores?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Let Us Practice More

ACTIVITY 2: Search for topic
List down at least five issues/topics that are relevant in the present
time. Write it on a separate sheet of paper.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Out of the five issues/topics on your list, select only three topics that
you think you can put a stand. Show your stand of each topic using the

18
graphic organizer below (1 sentence or just a single word to describe your
stand is enough). Write your answer on a separate sheet.

Topic Topi To
c pi
c

From the three topics that you have chosen, this time select only one
(1) topic which you think you can use for your position paper. This time, use
the same graphic organizer in drafting your thesis statement (stand) and at
least one counterclaim of the topic. Write your answer on a separate sheet.

Topic

Thesis (stand) Counterclaim

ACTIVITY 3: Writing my position paper

Let’s start writing the first draft of your position paper. From the topic
that you have chosen in the previous activity, conduct a research for your
evidences to support your stand. Follow the basic format of a position paper
presented in this module. Lastly, be mindful of the mechanics such as
grammar, sentence structure, word use, punctuation, and capitalization.
Write your position paper in a separate sheet of paper.

Rubrics for Position Paper Writing

Thesis Evidence Organization Grammatical, Mechanical

19

5. Excellent The essay's
thesis is original,
intelligently presented,
and serves as well-
articulated summary of
an answer to the central
question.
4. Good The essay's
thesis asserts a clear
summary of an answer to
the central question.
3. Satisfactory The essay
has a thesis the generally
points the reader in the
direction that the essay
will develop, but it has
little Texture or specificity
as a summary of the
answer to the central
question.
2. Needs Improvement
The essay has a topical
indicator rather than a
thesis. It tells what the
essay will be about rather
than summarizing the
answer.
1. Poor The essay’s
thesis is unclear or
absent.
Let Us Remember
5. Excellent
Substantial/ accurate
empirical evidence make
the argument compelling.
4. Good Solid/accurate
evidence make the
argument convincing.
3. Satisfactory Some
empirical evidence is
used to support the
argument.
2. Needs Improvement
Anecdotes or illustrations
are used, but not
systematically gathered
evidence.
1. Poor No evidence is
employed to support the
argument.
20
5. Excellent The
organization of the essay
is clear and explicit; each
paragraph develops a
distinctive point in
support of the thesis, and
the transitional sentences
make the whole
argument coherent; the
order of points is
purposeful and
thoughtful.
4. Good The organization
of the essay is clear and
easy to follow, but less
sophisticated, more
mechanical, than the
“excellent” one;
transitions and topic
sentences are present,
and the paragraphs seem
properly arranged, but it
is clearly “student”
writing.
3. Satisfactory The
organization of the essay
is adequate; the reader
can follow most of the key
points, though the
paragraphs are “free-
standing” without a
strong logical thread;
their order might be
changed without losing
anything.
2. Needs Improvement
The organization of the
essay is hard to follow;
there are paragraphs, but
the logic that joins them
is unclear, transitions are
weak or absent, and the
paragraphs could just as
easily be in a different
order.
1. Poor The author
clearly does not
understand how to
organize an essay;
paragraphing is random;
the author seems to be
“freeassociating” from one
thought to the next.
clarity
5. Excellent The essay
contains no errors in
sentence structure,
spelling, word choice,
punctuation, or
documentation; the
composition is elegant
and complex while
remaining clear.
4. Good The essay
contains very few errors
in sentence structure,
spelling, word choice,
punctuation, or
documentation; and the
composition is
sophisticated.
3. Satisfactory The essay
contains a substantial
number of errors in
sentence structure,
spelling, word choice,
punctuation, or
documentation.
2. Needs Improvement
The essay contains
multiple errors in
sentence structure,
spelling, word choice,
punctuation, or
documentation.
1. Poor The essay
contains extensive errors
in sentence structure,
spelling, word choice,
punctuation, or
documentation
 A position paper describes a stand or a position on a particular issue.
It is based on facts that offer a concrete bsis for arguments. It is commonly
supported by evidences in discussions about the topic.
In stating your thesis or choosing your position, you need to consider the
following guide before writing your position paper:
1. Make sure your topic is arguable
2. Research your topic and the alternative sides
3. Think about your views on the issue.
4. Consider your audience.
5. Building your argument
Below is a guide on how to build your argument in a position paper.
1. Establish your claim
2. Identify your supporting reasons
3. Compile your supporting evidence.
4. Identify a counter-argument that you can easily dismiss.
Position Paper format
I. Introduction
a. Identify the issue
b. State your position
II. Body Paragraphs
a. Argument #1
1. First piece of evidence
2. Second piece of evidence
b. Argument #2
1. First piece of evidence
2. Second piece of evidence
c. Argument #3
1. First piece of evidence
2. Second piece of evidence
d. Counterargument
1. Evidence from source(s)
2. Evidence from source(s) to refute opposing view
III. Conclusion
a. Overview of the paper’s key points
b. Statement to emphasize the position
ACTIVITY 4: It’s a Wrap!

21
 Summarize what you have learned by completing T Diagram. On the
left side,write the definition and purpose of a position paper. Write the
features/parts of a position paper on the right side. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

POSITION PAPER

Let Us Assess
Identify and label the parts/features of the position paper
articles below. Note that the parts of each position paper are arranged
in random order. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

New Technology: Beneficial or Dangerous?

1. ___________________________________
It is clear that new technology has many benefits in the world
today. It has simplified things and made it possible to do more in less
time and cost. New technologies and innovations come up every day, and
most are meant to make the world a better place. However, the new
technology is not without its disadvantages. It leads to loss of jobs,
detachment from social life, increased risks of war, and over-dependency
on technology. With the current trend in technology, robots, and
automated systems will take over the world, and this is a great risk to
humans. All in all, technology has more benefits than risks; hence is less
of a danger to the world than is beneficial. Therefore, new technology is
beneficial, but people should try to limit its negative impacts.
2. ______________________________________

New technology is an advancement of old technology. It has evolved for

years, and each improvement increases our human capabilities. We use
technology every day in accomplishing various tasks or interests. It simplifies
life, and many people have embraced22it for different reasons.
1. Easy and fast access to information
New technology has made it easy for people to access relevant information at
any time from any place. According to Ramey Karehka, this has been possible
3. _______________________________________

In the world today, new technology has become the order of the
day. Almost everything in our lives is becoming reliant on technology,
from the food we eat to the work we do. Even the biological processes
such as reproduction in humans, animals, and plants are becoming
dependent on new technology. Everyday 23 new technology and innovations
are invented and adopted by those who have access. It has indeed
changed the world and the thinking of the people. According to Bruce
and Brooks advancements in technology are always intended to “make
4. ________________________________________

Due to the benefits of technology, it may seem as if it’s a misnomer

even to mention any risk that comes with technological advances. However,
despite how convenient it may make things and how far it has taken us,
there are still various disadvantages of the new technology.
1. Dependency
Today, people are overly reliant on technology. The more a society
advances technologically, the more the people depend on computers and
other technological advances in their everyday activities. As a result, when a
machine stops to function or a computer crashes, people become almost
disabled and cannot do anything until the problem is resolved. This kind of
reliance on technology, therefore, puts humans at a distinct disadvantage
since they become
less self-dependent.
2. Social isolation
New technology is exciting and addictive. This makes people spend
more time on using social networks, learning how to use new technologies,
and playing games hence neglect their real lives. According to Gaby and
Kenzie, “new technology makes people lazier, and lack the desire to engage
in real life.” It has changed a lot of things in people’s lives which have
desensitized them from the society. They argue that technology is a privilege
to have but it’s
important to interact with other people.

Violence Against Women

1. ___________________________

In 2002, the Danish Government launched an extensive

action plan to combat domestic violence against women. The plan
includes measures to help treat abused women, identify and
prosecute the perpetrators, and incorporate professional medical
and psychological staff into the rehabilitation process. The action
plan currently reaches out to both governmental and
nongovernmental groups on the local level throughout the nation.
The Danish Centre for Human Rights in Copenhagen, Denmark’s
foremost national human rights institution also promotes and
protects human rights.24Based on the Centre’s research,
Denmark’s parliament can promote human rights-based
legislation and education/awareness programs throughout the
nation. The Centre also addresses the UN Commission on Human
 2. ___________________________
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights states, “no one
shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading
treatment or punishment.” Although this doctrine was adopted in
1948, the world has fallen quite short of this goal. Violence
against women pervades all states and it is the duty of the
international community to ensure that all persons are afforded
equality and respect. Despite cooperative efforts at combating
gross human rights abuses, such as the adoption of the
Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women, the
United Nations has not been able to alleviate the injustice women
worldwide experience daily.

3. _____________________________

In order to prevent gender violence, nations must work

together to build a culture of support, equality and community.
As such, the Kingdom of Denmark looks forward to offering its
support, in whatever form possible, to nations firmly committed to
ending violence against women in all its forms.

4. _________________________

Women are invaluable to Denmark’s society and have achieved

significant economic and social gains in the 20th century. Currently, 75
percent of medical students in Denmark are women. Denmark is
confident that this Commission can bring about an end to violence
against women without compromising the sovereignty of member states.
Education remains perhaps the most useful tool in protecting victims of
gender-based violence. Governments, UN agencies, and
nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) can plan a coordinated
campaign that educates national populations on the various ways
women are violently targeted. Similarly, harmful traditions, such as
honor killings and female genital mutilation, must be stopped by
reforming traditional views of women in society. Children of both sexes
need to be taught at an early age to value the rights of women in order
to prevent such violence in their generation. Another way to stop gender
violence would be to reproach member states that consistently violate
treaties such as the Convention on Political Rights of Women (1952), the
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against
Women (1979), and the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence
against Women (1993). Although this Committee cannot impose
sanctions, it can pass resolutions verbally condemning states that
commit human rights violations. The 25 UN High Commissioner for Human
Rights can also meet with representatives of governments that violate
 Let Us Enhance

ACTIVITY 5: My position paper TREE

Create a position paper tree bearing 10 fruits that labeled as the
qualities/features of a well written position paper based on your own idea.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Let Us Reflect
Reflect on what you have learned after taking up this lesson by
completing the phrase below.

I thought that ….

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

26
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

I have learned that….

_____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Answer key to Activities

Parts of Project proposal M-R Let’s Try

1. Title M returns 1. A
2. Introduction M- W 2. C
3. Project Summary M returns 3. C
4. Project Methodology with R 4. C
5. Project Cost/budget M- C 5. A
6. Conclusion M returns 6. B
7. Appendix M- R 7. A
8. A
9. B
10.A
11.B
12.A
13.C
14.C
15.A

Left side Let’s

1. describe a Assess:
stand/position I.
2. express 1. conclusion
claim/argument 2. body
about certain 3. introduction
issue/s 4. counter
3. enables author argument
to exchange views II.
Right side 1. conclusion
1. Introduction 2. counter
2. Counter argument
Arguments 3. introduction
3. Body 4.body
4. Conclusion 27
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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region XI

F. Torres St., Davao City

Telefax:

Email Address: lrms.regionxi@deped.gov.ph

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