DISCUSSION

In the experiment of saponification reaction fat, which was soap production, the
purpose was to synthesize a sample of hard soap and to testing the soap produced.
The condition and observation of soap was recorded in Table 1 and the possible
chemical compound types was found by using Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy (FTIR).

After producing the soap production, 0.01 g of soap was removed from filter
paper and placed in a clean of 10 mL of graduated cylinder. 3 mL of distilled water
was pouring in graduated cylinder and was shaking the mixture vigorously for 15
second. After 30 second of standings, the conditions and observation were recorded
to analysis data. Based on Table 1, it shown that the soap and distilled water was
presence of bubbles until 7 mL and it also has a clear solution. After that, 4% of
calcium chloride solution was dropped into soap mixture with 7 drops and was
shaking in 15 seconds. After 30 second of standing, the result shown that white
precipitate performed in mixture and the solution was clear and reduce a foam.
Then, 0.5 g of trisodium phosphate was added in mixture. It was shaking in 15
seconds also and allowed standing in 30 seconds to get the result. The result was
shown that no more precipitate and bubble produced more than the second
condition. The solution also most cloudy between the result before. Based on that,
the objectives of this experiment were achieved, which was to determine the
observation of soap production.

Besides, to get a strong result in this experiment, Fourier Transform Infrared

Spectroscopy (FTIR) also was used to identify the characteristic of chemical bond for
compound, which is in FTIR spectrum that had the wavelength of light absorbed.
Based on the graph of wavelength (cm-1) against transmittance (%), it showed about
wavelength of peaks that can determine each of possible about soap.

Based on Table 2 in result, which was shown about wavenumbers for soap, it
had 8 peaks to determination of compound in production. The wavelength of every
peaks was including 2984.51 cm-1, 2357.43 cm-1, 1736.90 cm-1, 1448.74 cm-1,
1372.81 cm-1, 1235.55 cm-1, 1044.30 cm-1 and 937.54 cm-1. In each of peaks referred
to wavelengths, it shown that had different compound. In wavelength of 2984.51 cm -
1
, with the range frequency range 3000-2500 cm -1, the possible compound type was
carboxylic acid in form of O-H bond. For wavelength 2357.43 cm -1, it was compound
of phosphine in form of P-H bond and aldehydes was found in wavelength of
1736.90 cm-1 with form C=O bond, in frequency range 1760-1670 cm -1. Next, the
compound type in wavelength 1448.74 cm-1 was alkane (C-H bond) and the nitro
compound (NO2) was found in wavelength 1372.81 cm-1. Next, the alcohol
compound in form of C-O bond was found in wavelength 1235.55 cm -1, amines
compound in form of C-N bond was found in wavelength 1044.30 cm -1 and the last
one was alkenes compound with C-H bond in wavelength of 937.54 cm -1. Basically,
the each of chemical compound can be found easily in wavenumbers with referred to
frequency range and bond types. Based on that, it was shown that the objective of
saponification was also achieved using FTIR to identify the types of chemical
compound in soap production.