Metal Reinforcement

(Lecture & Sample Problems)

Quantity Surveying
Professor: Engr. Shane Francis B. Garcia

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
• Column Reinforcement - Example
• Beams and Girders Reinforcement - Example
• Lateral Ties – Example
• Stirrup for Beams and Girders – Example
• Two-way slab – Lecture and Example

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IDENTIFICATION OF STEEL BARS

Marking System
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BAR SPLICE, HOOK and BEND
In estimating, the quantity of the steel reinforcing bars, one has to consider the
additional length for the hook, the bend and the splice whose length varies
depending upon the limitation as provided for by the National Building Code (or
by Design).

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BAR SPLICE, HOOK and BEND - EXAMPLE
Determine the length of the splice for a 16mm tensile
reinforcement of a beam

SOLUTION:

1. Classification of the reinforcement is under tension

2. Multiply:
25 x 16mm + 150mm = 550mm

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BAR SPLICE, HOOK and BEND

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BAR SPLICE, HOOK and BEND

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BAR SPLICE, HOOK and BEND

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BAR SPLICE, HOOK and BEND

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FOOTING REINFORCEMENT
• In estimating for the reinforcement of an Isolated Footing, the
following rules has to be observed:
1. Know the actual dimension of the footing as to its length and width

2. Remember that the minimum underground protective covering of

concrete to the steel reinforcement is 75mm

3. If the plan does not call for a hook or bend of the footing
reinforcement, the length of the bar is equal to the length or width of
the footing minus the protective covering at both ends
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FOOTING REINFORCEMENT
4. If the plan calls for a hook or bend of the reinforcement the bar-cut
should include the allowance for hook and bend as presented (from
above illustrations of “Bar Splice, Hook and Bend”).

5. Know the spacing distance of the steel bars both ways to determine
the exact number required, then as much as possible select the
appropriate steel bar length which is divisible by the cut length
avoiding unwanted extra cuts.

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FOOTING REINFORCEMENT - EXAMPLE
Determine the number of 12mm steel bars and tie wire in
kilogram if there are 20pcs isolated square footing required if
there are 6 footing with a dimension of 1.15 meters x 1.15
meters

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FOOTING REINFORCEMENT - EXAMPLE
Determine the number of 12mm steel bars and tie wire in
kilogram if there are 20pcs isolated square footing required if
there are 6 footing with a dimension of 1.15 meters x 1.15
meters

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methods, without the prior written permission of the owner, except for personal academic use and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law.
FOOTING REINFORCEMENT - EXAMPLE
SOLUTION:

1. Determine the net length of one reinforcing cut-bar

1.00 m +0.20 m = 1.20 m
2. Total cut-bars in one footing
6 x 2 = 12pcs
3. Total cut-bars for 20 footings
12 x 20 = 240 pcs

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FOOTING REINFORCEMENT - EXAMPLE
SOLUTION:

4. Total length of all the bars

240 x 1.20 = 288 m
5. Divide the above result by the length of one steel bar (say 6
meters)
2.88 m / 6.00 m = 48 pcs

ORDER : 48pcs of 12mm x 6.0 m Steel Bars

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FOOTING REINFORCEMENT - EXAMPLE
SOLUTION:
For the Tie Wire,

1. Find the number of bar intersections in one footing

6 x 6 = 36ties
2. Total ties for 20 footings
20 x 36 = 720 ties
3. Using 25cm length per tie
Multiply : 720 x 0.25m = 180 meters
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FOOTING REINFORCEMENT - EXAMPLE
SOLUTION:
For the Tie Wire,

4. One kilo of No. 16 G.I. wire (composition of Tie wire) is

approximately 53 meters long

Divide : 180 / 53 = 3.4 kilos

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COLUMN REINFORCEMENT
• The reinforcement of columns to be considered in the
estimates are:

1. Main or Vertical Reinforcement

2. Lateral Ties

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COLUMN REINFORCEMENT
• The quantity and length of the main reinforcement is determined by the “Direct
Counting Method” giving special attention to the additional length for:
1. Lap-joints of end splices
2. Allowance for bending and hook
3. Additional length for the beam depth and floor thickness height of the building
plan indicates from floor to floor

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BEAMS AND GIRDERS REINFORCEMENT
• The Direct Counting Method is the best method in determining the
main reinforcement for beams and girders

1. Verify from the plan if the span of the column where the beam is to
rest measures from center to center, outer to center or outer to
outer side of the column. This has to be considered in determining
the length of steel bars to be ordered.
2. Verify the position of the reinforcement splicing if it is adjusted to
the commercial length of steel bars. “The lesser the splice the lesser
the expense”
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BEAMS AND GIRDERS REINFORCEMENT
3. Identify the bars with bend and hook, for adjustment their
length in ordering the steel bars

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LATERAL TIES
• Tied column has reinforcement consisting of vertical bars held in a
position by lateral reinforcement

• The spacing of the ties shall not exceed

1. 16 x the longitudinal bar diameter
2. 48 x lateral tie bar diameter or
3. The least dimension of the column

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STIRRUPS FOR BEAMS and GIRDERS
• Stirrup is the structural reinforcing member that holds or binds
together the main reinforcement of a beam or girder to a designed
position.

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STIRRUPS FOR BEAMS and GIRDERS
• The methods in estimating the number or quantity of stirrups is the
same as that of the lateral ties.

• However, the spacing of the stirrups could not be determine by the

linear meter method because the spacing of the stirrups become
closer as it approaches the beam support.

• The number of stirrups is best determined by direct counting per

span type and by categories according to the design as indicated in
the detailed drawing

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ONE-WAY SLAB - EXAMPLE
Determine the number of steel bars required including the tie
wire

1. Given Data:
Spacing of Main Reinforcement = 150mm (0.15m)
Temperature Bars Spacing = 250mm (0.25m)
Size of the Reinforcement = 13mm Ø
Type of Reinforcement = One-way

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ONE-WAY SLAB - EXAMPLE
2. Determine the number of Main
Reinforcement
4.70 / 0.15m + 1 = 32.33 pcs of 5.00m
steel bar (5m since the width of
slab is 4.70 approximate to 5m)

NOTE: In dividing the length by the bar

spacing what is found is the number of
spacing, add one (1) to get the number of
bars
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ONE-WAY SLAB - EXAMPLE
3. Determine the length of the cut bars alternate to main
reinforcement
1.075 + 0.175 (Hook) = 1.25 meters
. Using a 5.00 m steel bars
5.00 / 1.25 = 4pcs number of cut bar in one steel bar
5. Divide: Step 2 by Step 4
32.33 / 4 = 8pcs of 5.00m steel bar (referencing to the Step
1 used length of reinforcing bars)

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ONE-WAY SLAB - EXAMPLE
6. Total Main Reinforcing Bars
32.33 + 8 = 40.33 pcs
7. Solve for the Temperature Bars at 2.15m span
(2.15 / 0.25) + 1 = 9.6 pcs
8. Temperature bars at 1.075 span
(1.075 / 0.25) + 1 = 5.3
9. Multiply by 2 layers at 2 sides
5.3 x 4 = 21.2 pcs

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ONE-WAY SLAB - EXAMPLE
10. Add result of 6 and 9
9.6 + 21.2 = 30.8 pcs

11. Summary total of 6 and 10

40.33 + 30.8 = 71.1 pcs 13mm x 5.00m steel bars

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 THANK YOU.

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