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Cecilia, Issobel Nowelle L.

Grade 10- Newton

Instruction. Explain the following and give an example.

1. Setting – The setting of a story is the place and time when a story takes place.
Example: The setting of “Cinderella” is a faraway kingdom, many years ago. 

2. Characters – The characters are the people, animals, or other creatures in the story.
Example: The characters in the story “Aladdin” are the Genie, Aladdin, Babkak,
Omar, Kassim, Jafar, Iago, Jasmine, Sultan.

3. Characterization - Characterization is a literary device that is used step-by-step in

literature to highlight and explain the details about a character in a story. There are two
types: Direct and indirect.
Example:
DIRECT: Jason was a tall, broad-shouldered football player who
always had a smile on his face.
INDIRECT: Jody ran up the stairs to her room, tears streaming down her
face, and slammed her door loudly, hoping her mother would hear.

4. Plot – The plot is the way events are ordered to create a story. It contains all of the action
that takes place during the story.
Example: The plot of the story “Tangled” goes like this. Due to a magical flower,
Rapunzel was born with magic hair that heals and is abducted by Mother Gothel
to be raised by her. Forced to live in a tower through her childhood and into her
teens, she has always been curious why the lights floated from the castle until
Flynn Rider comes along with a satchel full of gold. She steals it and convinces
him to take her to see the lights, and so they go on an adventure to the castle.
After many challenges, they finally arrive and find out that she is the daughter of
the King and Queen and they take her in and she marries Flynn and they live
happily ever after.

5. Conflict - It is the problem faced by the characters. The conflict is the most important
thing that happens in the story. It is what makes the story exciting. Usually, the story
doesn’t end until the conflict is resolved.
Example: The conflict of “ The Little Mermaid” is that she has to make the prince
marry her or suffer a horrible death. This she has to do while under the handicap
of being mute and having chronic pain in her legs. Alternately she can kill the
prince and return to being a mermaid by bathing in his blood.
6. Climax – The climax of the story is when the conflict of the plot is resolved. It is the
mountain peak. It is sometimes referred to as the “turning point” of the story, when the
plot changes for better or for worse.
Example: The climax of the story “Frozen” goes like this. Elsa’s magical winter
becomes a full-blown blizzard, endangering everyone in Arendelle. Anna is
betrayed by Hans, who reveals his plot to become King of Arendelle by forging a
marriage with Anna and murdering Elsa. Unable and unwilling to give her a true
love’s kiss, Hans leaves Anna to die. Fortunately, Olaf finds Anna in time. He
helps Anna realize that Kristoff is her true love, and leads her to Kristoff so that
he can save her with a kiss. Meanwhile, Elsa has escaped from captivity and is
pursued by Hans, who lies that Anna is dead because of her. Elsa falls into
despair, too distracted by her grief to notice Hans approaching her with a sword.

7. Resolution - The resolution is the end of the story. It occurs after the climax. It is when
you learn what happens to the characters after the conflict is resolved.
Example: This is the resolution of “Frozen”. Anna’s sacrifice, her “act of true
love” for Elsa, thaws the ice in her heart, and she returns to life. Elsa realizes that
love is the key to controlling her magic and is able to unfreeze Arendelle. Hans is
deported to his own kingdom. Anna has her kiss with Kristoff – and is in no hurry
to get engaged this time. Taking her place as Queen of Arendelle, Elsa opens the
palace gates permanently and shares the beauty of her magic with her subjects.
Anna and Elsa are finally able to rekindle the close relationship they had as
children.

8. Theme - The theme of a story is what the author is trying to convey — in other words,
the central idea of the story. It is woven all the way through the story, and the characters'
actions, interactions, and motivations all reflect the story's theme.
Example: The theme of the story “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs” is that
good conquers evil. The evil Queen plans to kill Snow White but does not
succeed.

9. First Point of View - In the first person point of view, one of the story's characters serves
as a narrator and readers watch the story unfold through that character's eyes. First person
point of view is easy to identify because the character or narrator speaks to readers in his
or her own voice, frequently using the pronoun 'I'.
Example:  Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins
It’s this detail, the untucked blouse forming a ducktail, that brings me back to
myself. “Prim!” The strangled cry comes out of my throat, and my muscles begin
to move again.
10. Third Point of View - In the third person point of view, the narrator is someone outside
the story, who frequently uses pronouns, like 'he,' 'she,' and 'they,' to describe the
characters.
Example: Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone by J.K. Rowling
Something very painful was going on in Harry's mind. As Hagrid's story came to
a close, he saw again the blinding flash of green light, more clearly than he had
ever remembered it before -- and he remembered something else, for the first time
in his life: a high, cold, cruel laugh. Hagrid was watching him sadly.

11. Omniscient - Omniscient is a literary technique of writing a narrative in third person, in

which the narrator knows the feelings and thoughts of every character in the story.
Example: Dan Brown, in his novel Da Vinci Code, uses omniscient narrative, and
employs several characters to speak in front of the audience, demonstrating what
each character thinks and sees. Also the narrator provides information about
background and related knowledge that characters are unaware of.

12. Mc Guffin – Mc Guffin is a plot device in the form of some goal, desired object, or other
motivator that the protagonist pursues, often with little or no narrative explanation as to
why it is considered so important. It is a term for a motivating element in a story that is
used to drive the plot. It actually serves no further purpose. 
Example: In the 2016 film The Nice Guys, the protagonists find themselves
caught up in an investigation of a missing person that puts them on the trail of an
amateur pornographic movie that just happens to contain evidence of a far-
reaching conspiracy.

13. In Medias Res - From the Latin "into the middle of affairs," in medias res refers to a literary
technique in which a story begins after the action has already begun and the explanation of plot,
character roles, the importance of setting, and so on are left to be revealed via flashback, a
character's thoughts or dialogue, or a "reverse chronology" in which the story is told backwards.
Example: A long, narrative poem that makes great use of the technique is Dante's
The Divine Comedy. In fact, not only does it start in the middle, the first line of
the Inferno starts Nel mezzo del cammin di nostra vita, Italian for "Midway into
the journey of our life."

14. Denouement - Denouement is derived from the French word denoue, which means “to
untie.” Denouement is a literary device that can be defined as the resolution of the issue
of a complicated plot in fiction. The majority of examples of denouement show the
resolution in the final part or chapter, often in an epilogue.
Example: The Great Gatsby (By F. Scott Fitzgerald)
“‘They’re a rotten crowd,’ I shouted across the lawn. ‘You’re worth the whole
damn bunch put together…'”
 The denouement in The Great Gatsby happens when Nick decides to go back to
Minnesota, to get away from the rich people engaged in all those things Nick
thinks are part of the moral worthlessness in Gatsby’s life. All the people in
Gatsby’s circle were unfaithful.

15. Red Herring - A red herring in literature is a narrative element that is used to throw off
readers and lead them to false conclusions. This is an especially popular literary device to
use in detective stories and thrillers.
Example: The plot of Great Expectations by Charles Dickens features a major
red herring. The main character, Pip, discovers that he has a wealthy benefactor.
Both he and the reader assume that it must be Miss Havisham, the elderly
eccentric woman who seems to have taken him in. We learn later than Miss
Havisham has only recruited Pip as a means of taking revenge on the man who
left her at the altar; Pip’s benefactor is actually an escaped convict whom Pip
briefly helped when he was a young boy.
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Cecilia, Issobel Nowelle L.
Grade 10- Newton

Instruction. List 20 literary techniques and give 2 examples of each. 

 Alliteration
Example:
a) Janie read a book by the babbling brook.
b) He dunked the delicious donut in dairy creamer.
 Allusion
Example: 
a) Blake’s fellow students call him Einstein for his genius.
b) The ship sank like a Titanic.
 Anachronism
Example: 
a) In the film Braveheart, Mel Gibson’s character sports a kilt. . . four centuries
before they were invented.
b) In a scene from Glory, which is set during the Civil War, one of the extras
holds up his arm to reveal a wristwatch.
 Colloquialism
Example: 
a) Gonna – going to
b) Y’all – you all
 Epigraph
Example:
a) At the beginning of The Sun Also Rises, Ernest Hemingway quotes Gertrude
Stein: "You are all a lost generation."
b) At the beginning of To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee quotes Charles Lamb:
"Lawyers, I suppose, were children once."
 Euphemism
Example:
a) Put to sleep instead of euthanize
b) Pregnancy termination instead of abortion
 Flashback
Example: 
a) A superhero is struggling to figure out where his nemesis would keep a
hostage. Suddenly, he remembers his nemesis saying “Dark things happen in
dark alleys.” He hurries towards a hidden alleyway
b)  A man is about to give a speech to a large audience on biology. Suddenly, he
remembers playing with frogs and toads in his backyard as a curious child. He
smiles at the memory, and then begins to speak to the audience about a new,
groundbreaking finding about frogs.
 Foreshadowing
Example:
a) The evening was still. Suddenly, a cool breeze started blowing and made a
windy night. (Foreshadows thunderstorm)
b) They thought there would not be more bodies; however, they could not
believe the thought. (Foreshadows murder)
 Hyperbole
Example: 
a) If I can't buy that perfect prom dress, I'll die!
b) Her brain is the size of a pea.
 Juxtaposition
Example: 
a) Two siblings in a story are opposites-one is always good and one is always
evil.
b) One character lives on the good side of town, while another lives just across
the railroad tracks on the bad side of town.
 Malapropism
Example: 
a) I remember because I have photogenic memory. (photographic)
b) Good punctuation means not to be late. (punctuality)
 Metaphor
Examples:
a) He is a gentle breeze that calms me down.
b) Her necklace is a constellation of stars against her skin.
 Metonym
Example: 
a) Lend a hand = help
b) Lend me your ears = to give someone their attention
 Onomatopoeia
Examples:
a) It was lovely to wake up to the tweet of the birds outside my bedroom
window.
b) The loud boom of the fireworks scared the dog.
 Oxymoron
Examples: 
a) There is a real love hate relationship developing between the two of them.
b) Suddenly the room filled with a deafening silence.
 Paradox
Example: 
a) You can save money by spending it.
b) You can save money by spending it.
 Personification
Example: 
a) The phone awakened with a mighty ring.
b) The news took me by surprise.
 
 Repetition
Example: 
a) If you think you can do it, you can do it.
b) The president said, “Work, work, and work,” are the keys to success.
 Symbolism
Example: 
a) Harry's scar is symbolic of his bravery, like a badge of honor. 
b) In Elie Wiesel's novel Night, night is used throughout the book to symbolize
death, darkness, and loss of faith.
 Synecdoche
Example: 
a) Those wheels are awesome!
This example substitutes the part (wheels) for the whole (car).
b) We need more hands.
This example substitutes the part (hands) for the whole (people).
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Cecilia, Issobel Nowelle L.
Grade 10- Newton

Movie Review

This movie review is about the movie of Les Miserables also known as Les Mis. It is
originally written by Victor Hugo in 1862 and was adapted into a film in 2012. The prominent
actors of this film are Hugh Jackman, Russell Crowe, Anne Hathaway, Eddie
Redmayne, Amanda Seyfried, Helena Bonham Carter, and Sacha Baron Cohen. The film takes
place in France during the early 19th century.  It was a musical drama film directed by Tom
Hooper and scripted by William Nicholson, Alain Boublil, Claude-Michel Schönberg,
and Herbert Kretzmer.