1)The transfer of thermal energy by:

Conduction- Conduction is the transfer of heat between substances

that are in direct contact with each other. The better the conductor
the more rapidly heat will be transferred, Metal is a good conduction
of heat. Conduction occurs when a substance is heated, particles will
gain more energy, and vibrate more.

Convection- Thermal energy is transferred from hot places to cold

warmer areas of a place by convection. Convection occurs when
liquid or gas rises to cooler areas in the liquid or gas. Cooler liquid or
gas than takes the place of the warmer areas which have risen higher.

Radiation- Radiation heat transfer is the process by which the thermal

energy is exchanged between two surfaces obeying the laws of
electromagnetics.

2) On like solids, for example, metal, a good conductor that holds the
heat that has free electrons which transfer readily from one atom to another,
air to conduct heat current molecules should absorb heat
and transmit it to the neighbor by vibrating.

3) The warm air over the land is less dense and begins to rise. Low pressure is created. The
air pressure over the water is higher with cold dense air,
which moves to occupy the space created over the land. The cool air that comes along is
called a sea breeze.

4)iThe four factors are:

a. Black clothes
b. Black surfaces
c. Metal
d. Dark-colored cars

iii) Three examples are:

- Emission of heat from a hot sidewalk

- The heat emitted from a campfire
- X-rays give off radiant energy.

5)Conduction:
The pockets of air around the middle of the flask which contains the liquid
(the container) are poor conductors, because air is a poor conductor.
The vacuum prevents conduction from occurring because there is no air
(and therefore no atoms for these heat transfers to take place).
The thinness of the walls stops heat entering or leaving the flask by conduction.

Convection:
Air is trapped in areas around the liquid container. Convection is prevented by stopping the
air from circulating.
The vacuum between the container and the flask prevents heat moving by convection.
The lid prevents convection from taking place.
The cap stops convection.
Radiation:
The inside of the liquid container is shiny and not black, preventing heat transfer
by radiation. Shiny mirrored surfaces on the inside and outside of the liquid container
reflect heat and prevents heat from being lost (good for hot liquids) and reflects heat
radiation (good for cold liquids).

ii) The greenhouse effect is how heat is trapped close to the surface of the
Earth by “greenhouse gases.” These heat-trapping gases can be thought of as a blanket
wrapped around the Earth, which keeps it toastier than it would be without them.
Greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides.
At nighttime, it's colder outside, but the greenhouse stays pretty warm inside. That's
because the glass walls of the greenhouse trap the Sun's heat. The greenhouse effect works
much the same way on Earth. Gases in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide,
trap heat just like the glass roof of a greenhouse.