15 ARC6.

6
LANDSCAPE
ARCHITECTURE
CLASS 2,SEMESTER 6
TOSA
Can landscape make some
change in human Behavior?
Concept of Nudging
 Nudge Theory: Concept in Behavioral science

 Nudging :Hinting or influencing peoples choices

 Initiative
by Amsterdam Airport
Management (1990s)

 Realistic fly stickers to avoid urinal spillage

in gents toilets

 Could reduce the spillage by 80%

Nudging in Landscape
Optical Illusion to slow down
vehicles
 How do you slow down speeding
vehicles, without penalties?

 U.K.’s Norfolk City Council found an

interesting low-cost solution to this –
Optical Illusion.
 planted trees on either
side of the road, at
decreasing distances from
each other.

 This strategy created the

illusion of rapid movement.

 Drivers thought they were

speeding, and this play on
the peripheral vision made
them slow down further.
 Another .solution was to
make the environment
appear as if it was closing in
on the driver.

 While the road width stayed

the same, the trees were
planted progressively closer
to the road, known as the
‘lazy diagonal’.

 This gave an impression of

‘funnelling’, resulting in
drivers slowing down
The roads of the UK display numerous other tools that trick
commuters into behaving in a desired manner.
 The pedestrian and cyclist footpath run side by side

 perpendicular striped tiles indicate the pedestrian

side and the parallel striped tiles indicate the cyclists
side.

 This ensures that pedestrians and cyclist stick to their

respective sides.

 A raised bump in the middle of the path, makes it

inconvenient for the cyclists to cross over.
 Litter prevention programs
in Copenhagen

 garbage bins were placed

at strategic places,
especially where people
were expected to litter.

 green footprints that led up

to the bins. The footprints
pushed people to take
those extra steps to dispose
their waste.

 The nudge proved to be

very effective, resulting in
cleanliness and pride
among the people for their
environment.
Maze games encouraging both children and adults to use the bins and
make a conscious effort to bin their wastes.
Worlds deepest bin !!!
 Elements of
Landscape Architecture
&
their Application in
Landscape Design
•SECONDARY LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS
Hardscape in Landscape
•Paving/ pavements
•Pergola
•Trellis
•Pavillions/Gazzebos
•Landscape walls/columns •Primary Landscape Elements
•Landform
•Garden embellishments
•Water
•Vegetation
•STREET FURNITURE
•Seating •Secondary Landscape Elements
•Plant containers •Street furniture
•Litter bins •Landscape walls
•Paving
•Bollards
•Inert ground covers
•Tree grills •Trellis
•Guard rails •Outdoor shading structures
•Signage •Embellishments
•Outdoor lighting •Hard & Soft landscapes

Design Considerations & Outdoor Spatial Design

 PAVEMENT in LANDSCAPE
•SECONDARY LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS
Hardscape in Landscape

•Paving/ pavements
•Hard surface to walk
•Plaza
•Definition of spaces
 PERGOLA in LANDSCAPE
•Pergola
•Partial enclosure
•Definitions/ emphasis
•Transition areas
•Material to define character of spaces
 TRELLIS in LANDSCAPE
•Trellis
•Support structure for
climbers
 PAVILIONS in LANDSCAPE
•Pavilions/Gazebos
•Seating space
•Partial enclosure
•Roof
 WALLs & COLUMNs in
•Landscape walls/columns LANDSCAPE
•Definition of spaces
•Scale
 GARDEN EMBELLISHMENTs
in LANDSCAPE
•Garden embellishments
•Sculpture
•Decorative lighting
•Bird baths
•Topiary
 SEATING
in STREET FURNITURE
•STREET FURNITURE
Elements placed in landscape or streetscapes for
•Comfort
•Convenience
•Circulation control
•Information
•Protection
•User enjoyment
are collectively called Street Furniture.

•DESIGN DETERMINANTS:
•Function
•Seating layout
•Form and appearances
•Maintenance
•Character of built environment

•STREET FURNITURE TYPES:

•Seating
•To be located in sheltered
positions
•Not too close to traffic
•Form of seating influenced by
nature of materials used
•Ergonomic considerations should
always be the basis of good design
 PLANT CONTAINERS
in STREET FURNITURE
•Plant containers
•Useful in defining spaces and
forming enclosures
•Define changes in levels
 LITTER BINS
in STREET FURNITURE
•Litter bins
•Design character of bins should be similar to
the rest of street furniture
•Should be securely fixed either to ground,
wall or post
•Removable inner container to facilitate
emptying is preferable
•
 BOLLARDS
in STREET FURNITURE
•Bollards
•Method of preventing vehicular
traffic encroaching on pedestrian
areas
•Useful for defining spaces, making
boundaries
•Encouraging flow of traffic
•Advantage: they do NOT form a
visually continuous horizontal
barrier
 TREE GRILLs
in STREET FURNITURE
•Tree grills
•For trees in paved areas
•To protect soil, allow air and water to soil.
 GUARD RAILs
in STREET FURNITURE
•Guard rails
•Discourage pedestrian movement off a given
circulation
•Protecting public footpath from road traffic
 SIGNAGE
•Signage in STREET FURNITURE
•Function: to communicate
•Basic design principles
•uniformity of appearance
•Simple expression of message
•Use of symbols in preference to text
•Use of standard type font, colours &
supporting structure
 Outdoor LIGHTING
in STREET FURNITURE
•Outdoor lighting
•Height of the light standards is the single
factor that most directly determines the
quality of the light and consequent
ambience of site.

•The exterior lighting can be generally

categorised as:
•Decorative lighting
•Vehicular use lighting
•General site lighting
•Pedestrian use lighting
•Feature lighting
Activity
 Write short note on Japanese Gardens

 Principles/Basic
Concepts
 Design Elements
 …etc
 Add sketches wherever necessary
Thank you