Introduction To Landscape Design: Arch 3131

Introduction to Landscape Design
Arch 3131
2022
What is Landscape ?
• All the visible features of an area of land, often considered in terms of their
aesthetic appeal.
• The ‘Land Characteristics’ of a particular region.
Man-made Natural
What is Landscaping ?
• The art and practice of

designing the Outdoor
environment.
• Landscaping is both science

and art, and Requires good
observation and design Skills.
Landscape Architecture?
Landscape architecture is the design of outdoor public areas, landmarks, and
structures to achieve environmental, social-behavioral, or aesthetic outcomes.
Landscape Architecture Projects
Landscape Architecture Projects
Who is a Landscape Architect?
Is a design professional who combines art, science and technology to propose

meaningful and thoughtful change to the outdoor environment.
https://knowlton.osu.edu/landscape-architecture
Elements of Landscape
• Vegetation
• Topography
• Pavements
• Furniture
• Non-furniture hardscapes
• Water bodies
• Fences and Edges
• Lighting
Principles of Landscape
Architecture
• Color
• Lines and Curves
• Texture
• Form
• Scale
• Balance
• Rhythm
• Repetition
• Varity
• Grouping/Mass
Color brings a garden to life by adding dimension and interest. It can be added
with plant material or hardscapes, such as paving, walls or fences.
Functional importance of color:
• To draw attention to an
important feature (fountain,
tree, sculpture, etc.)
can be done using bold, warm
contrast colors.
• To blend the outdoors with the
colors of the home – can be
done using
• cool, similar or nude colors.
• To attract wildlife – can be done
using bold colors.
• To provide seasonal variety.
• To create a mood.
Lines and Curves
Lines refer to the structures within a landscape—the edges of a walkway or flower

bed, or the perimeter of a patio or deck. The way line is employed will greatly impact
the flow of a garden.
Functional importance of lines and curves:

• To divide or connect a space in the form of pathways, hedges, flower
beds etc.
• To direct the attention of the viewer to a focal point.
• Vertical lines are mostly used to pull the eye up and make a space feel
larger. Tall trees or an arbor can be used to add vertical lines to a space.
• Horizontal lines make a space feel bigger by pulling the eye along the
ground.
Lines Curves
• Minimalist gardens use • Romantic themed landscapes
mostly straight lines. use sweeping curved lines to
• Very formal in character. separate areas from each
• Lines such as those found other.
in a straight hedge or the • Informal in their character
edges of paving materials mostly.
suggest quick, direct • In curvilinear design, lines
movement. are dramatic, and very
• Angled lines can create expressive in their shape.
opportunities for creating • Curvilinear, meandering lines
the "bones or the suggest a naturalistic look
framework of the that invites the user to
landscape". casually stroll through and
experience the landscape.
Lines Curves
Texture
Plant texture refers to the fineness or coarseness, roughness or smoothness,
heaviness or lightness of a particular plant. However, texture can also be
created using hardscape materials. It is both visual and tactile.
Functional importance of texture:
• To bring variety to a space
Form
The form of a landscape refers to the shape of the elements contained within it.
Formal gardens can be recognized Informal gardens have softer
by their clipped hedges and silhouettes and are free
pruned plants that give each part flowing.
of the garden a definite silhouette.
Scale
• In outdoor design, scale refers to the size relationship between elements within
the garden and the surrounding spaces.
• When planning a landscape along with the colors and form of plants, it is also
important to keep in mind their scale.
• Scale is important in making sure that the landscape design complements the
architecture of the structure and doesn’t overshadow it.
Balance
• Balance in landscape can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical.
• Formal gardens follow a symmetrically balanced scheme while informal residential
gardens usually follow an asymmetrical.
• In formal balance, the mass/ weight/number of objects on either side of the central
axis should be exactly the same.
• Plants are frequently clipped, lines tend to be straight, and edges are clearly
defined.
• For asymmetrical balance, plants should be irregularly placed on either side of an
imaginary axis so that the mass or weight on either side of the axis appears to be
balanced
Symmetrical Asymmetrical
Rhythm Repetition
Variety Grouping/ Mass
Plants can be used
• To create a visually pleasant environment
• To organize and define spaces
• To transform the environment by modifying natural factors
• To act as visual barriers
• To act as sound barriers
• To prevent improve air quality.
• To prevent pollutants by absorbing them from rain water.
• To provide shade and shelter.
• To provide habitat to other organisms.
• To reduce ground water run-off and provide a natural storm water
management.
• To improve the urban environment by reducing carbon footprint.
Landscape design components
Softscape components: are the natural living components in landscape

design such as trees ,grass, bushes, flowering plants …
Hardscape Components: permanent structures that require installation and

construction, such as pedestrian walkways, paved areas, sculpture,
furniture, walls, electrical installations…
Softscape Components
Trees
Source :
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/46232333652227382/
Ground covers
Source : http://www.themostpopular.com.au/popular-trends-groundcover-plants/
Shrubs
Source : http://colinilandscapeinc.com/
Shrubs
Source : http://colinilandscapeinc.com/
Hardscape Components
Furniture
Benches
Source :
Furniture
Planters
Source : https://www.pinterest.com
Furniture
Planters
Water bodies
Fountains
Water bodies
Fountains
Water bodies
Fountains
Water bodies
Ponds
Water bodies
Swales
Water bodies
Drinking water fountains
Water bodies
Drinking water fountains
Furniture
Shades
Furniture
Shades
Furniture
Shades
Furniture
Shades
Furniture
Shades
Furniture
Trash Cans
Furniture
Sculptures
Furniture
Sculptures
Furniture
Lighting fixtures
Furniture
Lighting fixtures
Retaining wall
Retaining wall
Space in Landscape Architecture
• An area of land enclosed, defined or adapted by people for human purpose

• The opposite of form or mass
We are not dealing with area but space when designing landscape. Therefore it is
very important to understand space.
As an Architect we should be able to
• Imagine a space
• Read a space
• Understand space in time
• Zone and organize space
• Materialize space
• Define or cover space
Movement in Landscape Architecture
People in motion take pleasure in sensation of change of texture, light quality
temperature, scene, visual patterns, expanding or contrasting vistas and the fluid
impressions of objects, spaces and views.
Pedestrian, car, animal, bicycle …
Principles for pedestrian walkway design
• Should be safe
• Should connect to place people want to go
• Easy to use
• Accessible to all
• Multifunctional
• Economical
Things to consider
• Material
• Surrounding plantation
• Storm water management
• Slope
• Different design elements
• Details
• Activities
Water in Landscape Architecture
It is the shining splendor of the natural landscape.

• Stream (river)
• Wetland (pond)
• Spring
• Lake
• Sea
Use of water in Landscape Architecture

• As supply, irrigation & drainage
• Transportation
• Microclimate moderation (water cooled breeze)
• Wildlife Habitat
• Recreational use (boating, fishing and swimming)
• Scenic Value (sight as well the sound of water)
As supply, irrigation & drainage
https://www.lukebullocklandscaping.com.au/landscape-design/irrigation-installation
Transportation
Source: https://www.roadaffair.com/best-unesco-world-heritage-sites/
Microclimate moderation (water cooled breeze)
Microclimate moderation (water cooled breeze)
Wildlife Habitat
Recreational use
(boating, fishing and swimming)
https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/boating-safety-tips-to-
stay-safe-on-the-water/
Scenic Value (sight as well the sound of water)
Scenic Value
(sight as well the sound of water)
Natural system of water
https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/1256-what-is-the-earth-system
Management
Both in quality and quantity
Quality: is maintained by avoiding pollution of water trough different

mechanisms.
Quantity: can be increased through retaining surface runoff

In swale, pond or wetland to prevent flooding of streams.
Therefore when designing landscape we should consider

• Protect
• Rediscover
• Restore
• Conserve
• Replenish (filtration of perception)
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Introduction to Landscape Design

• The art and practice of

• Landscaping is both science

Is a design professional who combines art, science and technology to propose

Lines refer to the structures within a landscape—the edges of a walkway or flower

Functional importance of lines and curves:

Softscape components: are the natural living components in landscape

Hardscape Components: permanent structures that require installation and

• An area of land enclosed, defined or adapted by people for human purpose

As an Architect we should be able to

It is the shining splendor of the natural landscape.

Use of water in Landscape Architecture

Quality: is maintained by avoiding pollution of water trough different

Quantity: can be increased through retaining surface runoff

Therefore when designing landscape we should consider

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