Design of Pier Footing

Unit weight of water Yw 10 kN/m³

Unit weight of backfill soil Ys 17 kN/m³
Unit weight of concrete Yc 24 kN/m³
Horizontal seismic coefficient αh 0.16
Vertical seismic coefficient αv 0.11
Variation in temperature θ 15 °C
Length of Pier cap Lc 8.40 m
Width of Pier Cap Bc 2.80 m
Depth of rectangular section Dr 0.80 m
Depth of trapezoidal section Dt 1.00 m
Length of trapezoidal section
Base width 2.8 m
Top width 8.4 m

R.L. of Deck surface 255.00 m

Total depth of superstructure deck 2.1 m
Assumed thickness of bearing 0.06 m
Top level of pier cap 252.84 m
HFL 251.35 m
Maximum scour level for pier 245.35 m
Bed level of pier footing 244.85 m

Height of the Stem Hs = 5.69 m

Diameter of stem at base D = 2.5 m
Diameter of stem at top 2.5 m

Depth of Footing Df = 1.50 m

Length of the Footing slab Lf = 8.5 m
Width of Footing Slab Bf = 8.5 m

Span length of superstructure 22 m

Height of deck surface from the pier cap 2.2 m
Actual length of column L 7.49 m
Overall diameter of the column D 2.5 mm
Effective length Le 8.99 m
(IRC:21-2000, 306.2.1)
Forces at the bottom of the footing
X-X = across the traffic Y-Y = along the traffic
Load, kN Lever arm Moment, kN.m
X-X Y-Y
Dead loads
Dead load from superstructure 3380.98 0
Dead load from piercap 827.904 0
Dead load of pier stem 670.34 0
Dead load of footing 2601
Total vertical dead load 7480.22 0 0 0

Effect of buyoncy
Reduction in weight of pier due to buoyancy -418.3980957
By volume of displaced water by the pier & footing 108.375
Reduction in weight of footing due to buoyancy -1083.75
Total Reduction in weight due to buoyancy -1502.15

Live load
Vertical load from live load 1695.69 0 0 0

Braking force
20% of the weight of the design vehicle
And this force acts along the bridge at 1.2m above the road level
(IRC:6-2000, 214.2)
Let's take the critical weight (Class A), 55.4 Ton =
554 kN
20% of the weight of the design vehicle 110.8 10.50 1163.40

Frictional force due to resistance of bearings (temperature effect)

Lateral force due to frictional resistance of bearings,

14.31 7.50 107.326

Force due to water current

Exposed height to water current 6

Area exposed (neglecting the footing base) 15
Maximum mean velocity m/sec 5.980 (from previous report)
Maximum velocity, Sqrt(2)*V, (IRC:6-2000,213.3), V = 8.46
Shape factor for square end (IRC:6-2000, 213.2), K = 0.66
Pressure intensity =0.5KV² (IRC:6-2000, 213.2) = 23.60

Hence force due to water current = 354.02796 1416.11

Seismic forces
Horizontal seismic coefficient = 0.096
Vertical seismic coefficient = 0.048

Horizontal seismic forces: X-X Y-Y

Superstructure: 812.27 812.27 8.99 7302.29 7302.29
Pier cap 37.85 37.85 8.09 306.18 306.18
Pier stem 107.44 107.44 4.345 466.84 466.84
Pier footing 249.70 249.70 0.75 187.27 187.27
Total Horizontal seismic forces 1207.25 1207.25 8262.58 8262.58
Vertical seismic forces:
Superstructure: 541.51
Pier cap 39.739
Pier stem 32.176
Pier footing 124.848
Total Vertical seismic force 738.275

Load Cases

Dry case, Non-seismic (combination I)

Vertical load Horizontal load Moment
(KN) (KN) (KNm)
Particular
Along traffic Across traffic Along traffic Across traffic
(Y-Y) (X-X) (Y-Y) (X-X)

Total Dead load 7480.221

Live load 1695.693
Tractive/Braking force 110.8 1163.4
Frictional force 14.31 107.326
Total 9175.914 125.110 0 1270.726

Flooded case, Non-seismic (combination I-a)

Horizontal load Moment
Vertical load (KN) (KNm)
Particular
(KN) Along traffic (Y- Across traffic Along traffic Across traffic
Y) (X-X) (Y-Y) (X-X)
Total Dead load 7480.22
Live load 1695.69
Tractive/Braking force 110.8 1163.4
Frictional force 14.31 107.326
Buyoncy -1083.75
Water Current 354.028 1416.112
Total 125.110 354.028 1270.726 1416.112 0.000

Dry case, Seismic (combination VI)

Horizontal load Moment
Vertical load
Particular
(KN) Along traffic (Y- Across traffic Along traffic Across traffic
Y) (X-X) (Y-Y) (X-X)
Total Dead load 7480.221
Live load 1695.693
Tractive/Braking force 110.800 1163.4
Frictional force 14.310 107.33
Seismic forces 738.275 1207.253 1207.253 8262.578 8262.578
Total 9914.19 1332.363 1207.253 9533.304 8262.578

Flooded case, Seismic (combination VI-a)

Horizontal load Moment
Vertical load
Particular Along traffic (Y- Across traffic Along traffic Across traffic
(KN)
Y) (X-X) (Y-Y) (X-X)
Total Dead load 7480.221
Live load 1695.693
Tractive/Braking force 110.8 1163.4
Frictional force 14.310 107.33
Buyoncy -1083.75
Water Current 354.028 1416.11
Seismic forces 738.28 1207.25 1207.25 8262.58 8262.58
Total 8830.44 1332.36 1561.28 9533.30 9678.69
Check for Bearing Pressure and stability against sliding

smax = (P/A) + (M/Z)

smin = (P/A) - (M/Z)
Stability against sliding: f*(P/H) > factor of safety

where, smax = Maximum base pressure (should not exceed the allowable bearing capacity)
smin = Minimum base pressure (should be > 0, no tension in soil allowed)
P= Total vertical load on base
M= Moment at the base
Z= Section modulus of the footing base = bh² / 6
H= Horizontal force at the base
A= Area of base
µ= Frictional coefficient (IRC:78-2000, 706.3.4) µ 0.59

Maximum Allowable Bearing Pressure sallow = 332.45 kN/m²

non-seismic seismic (from test report)
Factor of safety against sliding, 1.5 1.25

Length (along the traffic), L = 8.5 m

Breadth (across the traffic), B = 8.5 m
Area (A) = 72.25 m²

Section modulus
Along the traffic, Zyy = 102.35 m³
Across the traffic , Zxx = 102.35 m³

Non_seismic dry condition, Comb - I

Along the traffic(Y-Y): Across the traffic (X-X):
smax = 139.4172566 Satisfied smax = 127.002 Satisfied
smin = 114.5872803 Satisfied smin = 127.002 Satisfied
f(P/H) = 43.20215765 Satisfied f(P/H) = N/A (no horizontal force)

Non_seismic flooded condition, Comb - I-a

Along the traffic(Y-Y): Across the traffic (X-X):
smax = 15.5670375 Satisfied smax = 1.732 Satisfied
smin = -12.104 Check smin = 1.732 Satisfied
f(P/H) = 0.208162887 Satisfied f(P/H) = 0.058 Check

Seismic dry condition, Comb - VI

Along the traffic(Y-Y): Across the traffic (X-X):
smax = 230.3609694 Satisfied smax = 217.946 Satisfied
smin = 44.080 Satisfied smin = 56.495 Satisfied
f(P/H) = 4.383 Satisfied f(P/H) = 4.837 Satisfied

Seismic flooded condition, Comb - VI-a

Along the traffic(Y-Y): Across the traffic (X-X):
smax = 215.3609694 Satisfied smax = 216.781 Satisfied
smin = 29.080 Satisfied smin = 27.660 Satisfied
f(P/H) = 3.904 Satisfied f(P/H) = 3.332 Satisfied
Design of Pier Foundation footing section

smax = 230.3609694 smax = 216.781

smin = 29.08025468 smin = 27.660
sB= 100.120507 sB= 94.409
sC = 159.3207172 sC = 150.033

Moment at C:
Due to soil pressure 1647.007211 kN.m 1550.540 kN.m
Due to self wt. of slab 162.00 kN.m 162.00 kN.m
Resultant moment 1485.007211 kN.m 1388.540 kN.m

Shear force at C:
Due to soil pressure 584.5225299 kN 550.2210 kN
Due to self wt. of slab 108.00 kN 108.00 kN
Resultant Shear 476.5225299 kN 442.2210 kN

Design constants:
Concrete grade 25 N/mm²
Steel grade 500 N/mm²
Allowable stress of steel in tension and shear 240 N/mm²
Allowable stress of steel in direct compression 205 N/mm²
Allowable compressive stress in concrete in flexure 8.333 N/mm²
Allowable comp. stress in concrete in direct compression 6.25 N/mm²
Modular ratio (m) 10

Let, σcbc/(σst/m) = A 0.3472

Neutral axis factor, K = A*d/(1+A) 0.258 d
Lever arm, j = d(1-k/3) 0.914 d
Moment of Resistance, Mr=B*k*(σcbc/2) * j
Assuming B = 1 m
Equating Mr = M, 981.6245 d²

Y-Y X-X
Equating Mr = M, dmin = 1229.96 mm 1189.34 mm
Provided effective d. deff = 1450.0 mm Safe 1450 mm Safe

Area of steel required Y-Y (along the traffic) X-X (across the traffic)
Ast=M/( j*deff*σst) 4668.32 mm²/m 4365.06 mm²/m

Tensile bars: Diameter 32 mm 32 mm

Spacing 150 mm c/c 150 mm c/c
Number 7.0 nos per meter 7.0 nos per meter
Provided Tensile steel area 5630 mm²/m 5630 mm²/m

Compression bars: Diameter 25 25 mm

Spacing 150 mm c/c 150 mm c/c
Number 7 nos per meter 7 nos per meter
Provided compressive steel area 3436 mm²/m 3436 mm²/m

Check for shear

Total area of longitudinal bars 9066 mm² 9066 mm²
Percentage of longitudinal bars 0.625 % 0.625 %
100*Ast/bd
b= 0.8*fck /(6.89*pt) 4.64 4.64
tc = (0.85*sqrt(0.8*fck)*(sqrt(1+5*b)-1))/6b 0.54 N/mm 2
0.54 N/mm2

Allowable shear stress 0.329 N/mm² Safe 0.305 N/mm² Safe

Shear stress developed No additional shear reinf. Required No shear reinf. Required

Check for Punching Shear

Critical diameter for punching stress = Øpier + tslab = 3950 mm
Perimeter of critical circle, Lo = 7853.982 mm
Self wt. of slab, P = 442.221 kN
Punching stress developed, tau_p = P/(Lo*D) = 0.02 N/mm²
Allowable Punching shear = 0.16*sqrt(fck) = 0.8 N/mm²
Satisfied