FUNDAMENTAL THEORIES OF

ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING
1 LIGHTING
CONTROL
INDIVIDUALLY
OCCUPIED
SPACES
MULTI OCCUPIED
SPACES
2 LIGHTING
QUALITY
 1. LIGHT FIXTURES
Less than 2,500cd/m² between 45° to 90° from Nadir
2. LAMPS
CRI 80 or More
4. DIRECT LIGHTING LUMINAIRES
Minimum as possible (recommended less than 25% of the lighting load)
INDIRECT
LIGHTING
 DIRECT /
INDIRECT
LIGHTING
 DIRECT
LIGHTING
5. PAINTING REFLECTANCES

85% CEILING

60% WALLS

25% FLOORS
 6. FURNITURE REFLECTANCES

50% MOBILE PARTITIONS

45% WORK AREAS

7. LIGHTING CONTRAST BETWEEN
WALLS AND WORK PLAN
Must not exceed 1:10
 MODULE 8

ACOUSTIC
REQUIREMENTS
 1. HVAC Background Noise;

GOALS 2. Outdoor Noise;

3. Reverberation Time;
4. Sonorization and Masking.
1 HVAC
BACKGROUND
NOISES
NOISE FROM AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS

ASHRAE Handbook 2011;

STANDARDS
•
• AHRI Standard 885-2008.
2 OUTDOOR
NOISE
 LEED CERTIFICATION

Schools:
• Air Conditioning: 40dB (Recommended: 35dB)
MINIMUM
ACOUSTIC • High Traffic Intervals: 60dB
PERFORMANCE
• Distance of 800m from sources of noise: not
applicable
 Equivalent continuous sound level
Leq during a period of time.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yC7eDeVm860
 Average equivalent sound level
Ldn over a period of 24 hours.
 Average sound level over a period of 24 hours,

Lden with a penalty of 5dB for night or 7pm to 10pm

na 10db between 10pm to 7am.
3 ACOUSTIC
INSULATION
 INSULTANT MATERIALS
They prevent noise from passing from one environment to another

REFLECTING ABSORBING DIFFUSING

MATERIALS MATERIALS MATERIALS

Can be insulating, They don't let They reflect the

and increase the sound waves pass sound in a
internal from one diffuse way,
reverberation of environment to the without
sound. other and avoid resonances.
echoes.
 ACOUSTIC PRIVACY CATEGORIES
(Chanaud, 1983):

Confidential Privacy: Normal Privacy: Transitional privacy: No Privacy:

People inside can't It is difficult to talk It is possible to It is possible to
talk to, understand or to people outside talk, in a loud talk in normal
eventually feel the the environment. voice, with people voice with people
presence of people outside the outside the
outside the environment. environment.
environment.
 STC

REQUIRED STC BETWEEN AREAS

Table - Maximum sound transmission class to adjacent spaces
Adjacent combinations Room STC

Residence (within multi-family residence), hotel and motel room Residence, hotel and 55
motel room
Residence, hotel and motel room Common hallway, 50
stairway
Residence, hotel and motel room Retail 60
Retail Retail 50
Standard office Standard office 45
Executive office Executive office 50
Meeting room Meeting room 50
Office, meeting room Hallway, stairway 50
Mechanical equipment room Occupied space 60
SOUND TRANSMISSION CLASS

80dB 40dB

Door – STC of 40dB

4 REVERBERATION
TIME
 LEED
LEARNING
SPACES EQUAL or MORE than the total area of CEILING.
SMALLER THAN
556m³
OPTION 1
 LEED
LEARNING
SPACES LARGER Follow ANSI S12.60-2010

THAN 556m³
OPTION 2
NRC ESPECIFICATIONS (500, 1000 e 2000Hz)
 CURRENT TABLE (LEED)

* The ideal scenario is to seek the manufacturer's standards.

 LEED
LEARNING NRC-CNRC Construction Technology

SPACES LARGER
Update N° 51, Acoustical Design of Rooms
for Speech (2002)

THAN 556m³
 Reverberation Time Requirements

T60 (sec), at 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, and

Room Type Application 2000 Hz
Apartment and condominium - < 0.6
Individual room or suite < 0.6
Hotel/motel
Meeting or banquet room < 0.8
Executive of private office < 0.6
Conference room < 0.6

USE THE
Office building Teleconference room < 0.6
Open-plan office without sound masking < 0.8
Open-plan office with sound masking < 0.8

LEED TABLE
Unanplified speech < 0.7
Courtroom
Amplified speech < 1.0
Performing arts space Drama theaters, concert and recital halls Varies by application
Testing or research with minimal speech communication < 1.0
Laboratories
Extensive phone use and speech communication < 0.6
Church, mosque, synagogue General assembly with critical music program Varies by application
Library - < 1.0
Gymnasium and natatorium < 2.0
Indoor stadium, gymnasium
Large-capacity space with speech amplification < 1.5
Classroom - < 0.6
5.2 SOUND
MASKING
DEFAULT MASKING SETTING
ASHRAE 55
 DIVA

Designbuilder

ASHRAE 55 Sefaira

Lightstanza
PMV
PREDICTED
MEAN VOTE
 1. Dry bulb temperature
2. Mean radiant temperature
3. Relative humidity
ANALYSIS CRITERIA 4. Air speed
5. Individual clothing insulation
6. Individual metabolic rate
CERTIFICATIONS
LEED V4 AND WELL V2
THERMAL COMFORT AND CERTIFICATIONS
 DESIGN & CONTROL
OF THERMAL CONFORT
THERMAL 1. Compliance with ASHRAE 55
COMFORT 2. Compliance with either ISO 7730/2005 or

DESIGN CEN 15251/2007

 • General Use: Provide individual thermal comfort
controls for at least 50% of individual occupant spaces
occupants. Provide controls for all occupants in
shared multioccupant spaces.
THERMAL • Hotels: provide for all rooms.
COMFORT • Stores & retailling: same requisites as the ones

CONTROL regarding general use applicable to offices and

administrative areas.
• Hospitals: provide controls for each pacient room for
at least 50% of individual areas. Provide for all
multioccupant spaces.
 For all purposes: thermal comfort controls
must allow occupants to adjust at least one of

THERMAL the following components:

COMFORT
• air temperature;
CONTROL • radiant temperature;
• air speed;
• humidity.
THERMAL
COMFORT
 1. PMV compliant with ASHRAE 55.

THERMAL 2. Thermal zones for each 60m² of area or at

COMFORT least for each 10 occupants. Each zone must

have its own thermal comfort control.
STRATEGIES 3. Individual thermal comfort controls for at
least 50% of occupants in individual spaces
(same criteria as LEED).
 1. Radiant Comfort for at least 50% of the area of buildings.
THERMAL 2. Thermal Comfort Monitoring:

COMFORT • Dry bulb – sampling interval of 10 minutes or less.

Relative humidity – sampling interval of 10 minutes or less.
STRATEGIES
•
• Air speed – sampling interval of 3 months or less.
• Mean Radiant Temperature – sampling interval of 3
months or less.
 THERMAL • Maintain the relative humidity of the air between 30% to

COMFORT 60%, adding or removing the humidity when necessary.

• They must be available for at least 98% of the hours
STRATEGIES occupied throughout the year.
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