Name: HAMNA AMIR ROLL NO: 2020F-BCE-090 SECTION: B

QUIZ# 2
(Pakistan Studies HS-103)

Q.1 Explain the role of All India Muslim League to form a unanimously
accepted constitution in India from 1928-1932.

Ans. ROLE OF ALL INDIA MUSLIM LEAGUE

 NEHRU REPORT 1928 :

 Under the Act of 1919, new reforms were to be introduced in India by the British
Government after every 10 years. For this purpose Simon Commission was sent to
India in 1927. Most of the Indian political parties decided to boycott the
Commission on the plea that it lacked Indian representation.

 The British decided to throw the ball in the court of Indian Politicians. Lord
Birkenhead, Secretary of State for Indian Affairs, challenged the Indians, “If they
have any political capability and competence then they should form a unanimous
constitution and present it to us and we will implement it.”

 Indian political parties accepted the challenge and called an All Parties Conference
at Delhi in January 1928. The conference was attended by around hundred delegates
from all the important parties including Indian National Congress, All India Muslim
League, National Liberal Federation, Hindu Mahasabha etc. The conference failed
to reach a conclusion on the issue of the rights of minorities.

 The second round of the All Parties Conference was held in March the same year.
Two sub-committees were formed but the end result was not different from the
first session. It was during the third session of the All Parties Conference held at
Bombay in May 1928 that a seven members committee under the chairmanship of
Motilal Nehru to determine the basic features of the future constitution of India.
 QUAID-E-AZAM’S FOURTEEN POINT 1929:

 A uniform measure of autonomy shall be granted to all provinces.

 In the Central Legislature, Muslim representation shall not be less than one third.

 Representation of communal groups shall continue to be by separate electorates:

provided that it shall be open to any community, at any time, to abandon its
separate electorate in favor of joint electorate.

 All legislatures in the country and other elected bodies shall be constituted on the
definite principle of adequate and effective representation of minorities in every
province without reducing the majority in any province to a minority or even
equality.

 The form of the future constitution should be federal, with the residuary powers to
be vested in the provinces.

 No cabinet, either Central or Provincial, should be formed without there being a

proportion of at least one-third Muslim ministers.

 Any territorial redistribution that might at any time be necessary shall not in
anyway affect the Muslim majority in the Punjab, Bengal and the NWFP.

 Full religious liberty i.e. liberty of belief, worship, and observance,

propaganda, association, and education, shall be guaranteed to all communities.

 No change shall be made in the Constitution by the Central Legislature except

with the concurrence of the States constituting the Indian Federation.

 Sind should be separated from the Bombay Presidency.

 No bill or resolution or any part thereof shall be passed in any legislature or any
other elected body if three fourths of the members of any community in that
particular body oppose such a bill, resolution or part thereof on the ground that it
would be injurious to that community or in the alternative, such other method is
devised as may be found feasible practicable to deal with such cases.
 Reforms should be introduced in the NWFP and Balochistan on the same footing as
in other province. Provision should be made in the Constitution giving Muslims an
adequate share along with the other Indians in all the services of the State and in
local self-governing bodies, having due regard to the requirements of efficiency.

 The Constitution should embody adequate safeguards for the protection of Muslim
culture and for the protection and promotion of Muslim education, language,
religion and personal laws and Muslim charitable institutions and for their due
share in the grants-in-aid given by the State and by local self-governing bodies.

 ALLAHABAD ADDRESS 1930:

 In this address, Allama Iqbal gave the lucid explanation of the inner feeling of the
Muslims of India. He narrated the basic principles of the Islam and loyalties of the
Muslims to their faith.
 He gave the idea and concept about a separate homeland in this address because
the Muslim were a nation and had a right that they got the identification and
passed their lives in order to the Islamic principles. Due to these reasons, he
expressed his thoughts.There were many reasons which caused Muslims to think
about the separate homeland and compelled to protect the rights of the Muslim.
 There was a two branched attack on the Muslim interests. On the one side, Hindus
were creating the restrictions in the way of the Muslim and hurting the feeling of
the Muslim to propose the Nehru report as the ultimate constitution for India.

 FIRST ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE 1930:

 The first Round Table Conference convened from 12 November 1930 to 19
January 1931. Prior to the Conference, M. K. Gandhi had initiated the Civil
Disobedience Movement on behalf of the Indian National Congress.
Consequently, since many of the Congress' leaders were in jail, Congress
did not participate in the first conference, but representatives from all other
Indian parties and a number of Princes did.

 The outcomes of the first Round Table Conference were minimal: India
was to develop into a federation, safeguards regarding defence and finance
were agreed and other departments were to be transferred. However, little
was done to implement these recommendations and civil disobedience
continued in India. The British Government realized that the Indian
 National Congress needed to be part of deciding the future of constitutional
government in India. Lord Irwin, the Viceroy, met with Gandhi to reach a
compromise.

 On 5 March 1931 they agreed the following to pave the way for
the Congress participation in the second Round Table
Conference: Congress would discontinue the Civil Disobedience
Movement, it would participate in the second Round Table Conference, the
Government would withdraw all ordinances issued to curb the Congress,
the Government would withdraw all prosecutions relating to offenses not
involving violence and the Government would release all persons
undergoing sentences of imprisonment for their activities in the Civil
Disobedience Movement.

 SECOND ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE 1931:

 The Second Round Table Conference was held in London from 7
September 1931 to 1 December 1931 with the participation of Gandhi and
the Indian National Congress. Two weeks before the Conference convened,
the Labour government had been replaced by the Conservatives.

 At the conference, Gandhi claimed to represent all people of India. This

view, however, was not shared by other delegates. In fact, the division
between the many attending groups was one of the reasons why the
outcomes of the second Round Table Conference were again no substantial
results regarding India's constitutional future. Meanwhile, civil unrest had
spread throughout India again, and upon return to India Gandhi was
arrested along with other Congress leaders. A separate province of Sind
was created and the interests of minorities were safeguarded by
MacDonald's Communal Award.

 THIRD ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE 1932:

 The Third Round Table Conference (17 November 1932 - 24 December
1932) was not attended by the Indian National Congress and Gandhi. Many
other Indian leaders were also absent. Like the two first conferences, little
was achieved. The recommendations were published in a White Paper in
March 1933 and debated in Parliament afterwards.

 A Joint Select Committee was formed to analyse the recommendations and

formulate a new Act for India. The Committee produced a draft Bill in
February 1935 which was enforced as the Government of India Act of 1935
in July 1935.