ASME B31.
3-2012
Fig. 328.5.5 Typical Fabricated Laps
GENERAL NOTE: Laps shall be machined (front and back) or trued after welding. Plate flanges in accordance with para. 304.5 or lap joint
flanges in accordance with ASME B16.5 may be used. Welds may be machined to radius, as in sketch (e), if necessary to match ASME B16.5
lap joint flanges.
Tb p nominal thickness of branch
Th p nominal thickness of header
Tr p nominal thickness of reinforcing pad or saddle
tc p lesser of 0.7T b or 6 mm (1⁄4 in.)
t min p lesser of T b or T r
(d) Branch connections, including branch connection
fittings (see paras. 300.2 and 304.3.2), which abut the
outside of the run or which are inserted in an opening
in the run shall be attached by fully penetrated groove
welds. The welds shall be finished with cover fillet welds
having a throat dimension not less than t c . See
Fig. 328.5.4D sketches (1) and (2).
(e) A reinforcing pad or saddle shall be attached to
the branch pipe by either
(1) a fully penetrated groove weld finished with a
cover fillet weld having a throat dimension not less than
t c, or
(2) a fillet weld having a throat dimension not less
than 0.7t min. . See Fig. 328.5.4D sketch (5)
(f) The outer edge of a reinforcing pad or saddle shall
be attached to the run pipe by a fillet weld having a
throat dimension not less than 0.5T r . See Fig. 328.5.4D
sketches (3), (4), and (5).
(g) Reinforcing pads and saddles shall have a good
fit with the parts to which they are attached. A vent
hole shall be provided at the side (not at the crotch) of
any pad or saddle to reveal leakage in the weld between
branch and run and to allow venting during welding
and heat treatment. A pad or saddle may be made in
more than one piece if joints between pieces have
strength equivalent to pad or saddle parent metal, and
if each piece has a vent hole.
(h) Examination and any necessary repairs of the
completed weld between branch and run shall be made
before adding a pad or saddle.
328.5.5 Fabricated Laps. Figure 328.5.5 shows typi-
cal fabricated laps. Fabrication shall be in accordance
with the applicable requirements of para. 328.5.4.
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328.5.6 Welding for Severe Cyclic Conditions. A
welding procedure shall be employed which provides
a smooth, regular, fully penetrated inner surface.
328.6 Weld Repair
A weld defect to be repaired shall be removed to sound
metal. Repair welds shall be made using a welding pro-
cedure qualified in accordance with para. 328.2.1, recog-
nizing that the cavity to be repaired may differ in contour
and dimensions from the original joint. Repair welds
shall be made by welders or welding operators qualified
in accordance with para. 328.2.1. Preheating and heat
treatment shall be as required for the original welding.
See also para. 341.3.3.
330 PREHEATING
330.1 General (12)
Preheating is used, along with heat treatment, to mini-
mize the detrimental effects of high temperature and
severe thermal gradients inherent in welding. Preheating
and the temperatures to be used shall be specified in
the engineering design. The requirements herein apply
to all types of welding, including tack welds, repair
welds, and seal welds on threaded joints.
330.1.1 Requirements. Unless specified otherwise (12)
in the engineering design, the minimum preheat temper-
atures for materials of various P-Numbers are given in
Table 330.1.1. The thickness intended in Table 330.1.1 is
that of the thicker component measured at the joint.
330.1.2 Unlisted Materials. Preheat requirements
for an unlisted material shall be specified in the WPS.
--``,`,````,,```,,,,,``,,``,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
330.1.3 Temperature Verification
(a) Preheat temperature shall be checked by use of
temperature indicating crayons, thermocouple pyrome-
ters, or other suitable means to ensure that the tempera-
ture specified in the WPS is obtained prior to and
maintained during welding.
65
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 ASME B31.3-2012

(12) Table 330.1.1 Preheat Temperatures

--``,`,````,,```,,,,,``,,``,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Weld Metal Specified Minimum
Base Metal Analysis Nominal Wall Tensile Strength, Required Minimum
Thickness Base Metal Temperature
P-No. A-No.
[Note (1)] [Note (2)] Base Metal Group mm in. MPa ksi °C °F

1 1 Carbon steel < 25 <1 ≤ 490 ≤ 71 10 50

≥ 25 ≥1 All All 80 175
All All > 490 > 71 80 175

3 2, 11 Alloy steels, < 13 < 1⁄2 ≤ 490 ≤ 71 10 50

Cr ≤ 1⁄2% ≥ 13 ≥ 1⁄2 All All 80 175
All All > 490 > 71 80 175

4 3 Alloy steels, All All All All 120 250

1
⁄2% < Cr ≤ 2%

5A, 5B, 4, 5 Alloy steels, All All All All 175 350
5C 21⁄4% ≤ Cr ≤ 10%

6 6 High alloy steels All All All All 2004 4004

martensitic

7 7 High alloy steels All All All All 10 50

ferritic

8 8, 9 High alloy steels All All All All 10 50

austenitic

9A 10 Nickel alloy steels All All All All 120 250

9B 10 Nickel alloy steels All All All All 150 300

10 ... Cr–Cu steel All All All All 150 300

10I ... 27Cr steel All All All All 1503 3003

11A SG 1 ... 8Ni, 9Ni steel All All All All 10 50

11A SG 2 ... 5Ni steel All All All All 10 50

15E 5 Alloy steels All All All All 200 400

9Cr–1Mo–V

21–52 ... ... All All All All 10 50

NOTES:
(1) P-Number from BPV Code, Section IX, QW/QB-422.
(2) A-Number from Section IX, QW-442.
(3) Maintain interpass temperature between 175°C–230°C (350°F–450°F).
(4) Maximum interpass temperature 315°C (600°F).

66
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Provided by IHS under license with ASME Licensee=Petrochemical Industries Co./5965956001, User=subramanian, Siva
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 04/07/2013 05:08:13 MDT