Professional Documents
Culture Documents
INTERMEDIATE
GRAPHS
TRANSFORMATIONS
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Contents
Translation
Reflection
Enlargement
Rotation
Quick Guide
Translation – The shape is moved by a vector (𝑥𝑦)
Reflection – Flip the shape in a mirror line
Enlargement – The shape is made bigger or smaller by a scale
factor from a point
Rotation – The shape is turned a number of degrees, around a
point, either clockwise or anticlockwise
Credits
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Translation
Another way of thinking about translation is ‘moving something
around’. The shape you translate will remain the same, but move left
or right and then up or down.
Example
Translate the following shape (shape A) four units to the left and 3
units down
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Vector notation
An easier way of saying ‘move 3 units to the right and 7 units up’ is
using a translation vector.
A translation vector takes the following form;
• The top number tells you how far right or left to move. If the
number is positive move right. If the number is negative move
left.
• The bottom number tells you how far to move up or down. If the
number is positive move the shape up. If the number is
negative move the shape down.
So, in the example above, you would need to move the shape 4
units to the right at 9 units down.
Exam Questions G3
1.
4
2. 3.
5.
4.
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Reflection
When reflecting a shape, we are given the line in which to reflect it.
There are some lines we need to know!
The line 𝑦 = 𝑥
𝑦=?
Sometimes the graph will be y=something (for example 𝑦 = 2)
To draw this, find 2 on the 𝑦 axis and draw a horizontal line
𝑥 =?
Sometimes the graph will be x=something (for example 𝑥 = 2)
To draw this, find 2 on the 𝑥 axis and draw a vertical line
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To reflect shapes using a line of symmetry, draw a line (at a right
angle) from the shape to the line and use this same distance on the
other side of the mirror line.
Example 1
Example 2
Exam Questions G4
1.
7
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Enlargement
To enlarge a shape, multiply every length of the shape by a scale
factor. (i.e. if the scale factor is 2, all sides will be twice as long and if
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the scale factor is 2, each length will be half as long)
Examples
Scale factor of 2 1
Scale factor of 2
If you are not given a centre of enlargement you can draw the
enlarged shape anywhere. If you are given a centre of enlargement,
follow these steps;
• Draw a line from the centre of enlargement to one of the
shape’s vertices (corners)
• Multiply this length by the scale factor and, without moving your
ruler, draw a line of this length. This new point is the point from
where you should draw your shape bigger / smaller.
See an example over the page
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Example Enlarge the shape using a scale factor of 3, using A as the
centre of enlargement
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Remember: Sometimes the scale factor is less than 1 (i.e. 2 ) so
your shape will be smaller.
Also, the centre of enlargement may be inside the shape. The steps
to your solution will be the same.
Example Enlarge the following using the point as the centre of
enlargement and using a scale factor of 2
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Exam Questions G5
1.
2.
11
3.
4.
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Rotation
USE TRACING PAPER FOR THIS
When rotating a shape, place your tracing paper over the shape and
draw around it. Then put your pencil point in the centre of rotation
(this is given in the question). Then rotate it as they ask for in the
question.
• 90 degrees is a quarter turn
• 180 degreed is a half turn
• 270 degrees is three quarters turn
[Know the difference between clockwise (the way the second hand
moves around a clock) and anti-clockwise (the opposite way)]
Step 1 Step 2
Mark your point of rotation on the graph Place your tracing paper over the shape
Step 4
Step 3 Rotate using the direction and angle
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Place your pencil on the point of rotation given in the question
Example 2 Rotate this shape 180 degrees anti clockwise about the
origin.
Exam Questions G6
1.
14
2.
3.
15
4.
5.
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Describing Transformations
For some questions you will be given the completed transformation
and you need to describe it. The following flow diagram (from
PixiMaths) is very helpful in deciding which transformation have you
been used.
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Exam Questions G7
1.
2.
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3.
4.
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6.
7.
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