Loeb Classical Library L. C.

L
Natural History Nat. His.
PLATE PL.
Department of Geography dep.geog.
:
Tripolitania

1
2
3
4
5
 Leptis Magna

8
Di Vita, A. Libya the lost cities of the Roman Empire, printed in slovenia, 1999, P. 249.

Bovill, W. E, The Golden Trade of the Moors. Oxford University Press London,1961. P.8.

Titus Vespasian

Di Vita, A. . op. cit., PP.248- 249

Pliny, Natural History, L. C. L. V. I. 5.

9
Cinyps

Cinyps

10
 Tripolitania Tripolitania

Gsell, S. Histoire Ancienne de I'AFrique de Nord. Tome. I. Paris,1972. P. 83.

Leschi, L., Centenarium quod aqua viva appellatur . Paris, 1941. P. 164.
Strabo, Geography, XVii.iii.7.

Bovill, E. W. op. cit. P. 5.

11
Leptis
Magna
Lpqi Lbgy

Lebqy

Lbqy

Neapolis

Magna

12
 emporia

Sabratha Leptes Magna

Oea

Herodotus, IV. 42.

14

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 Leptis Magna

8
Di Vita, A. Libya the lost cities of the Roman Empire, printed in slovenia, 1999, P. 249.

Bovill, W. E, The Golden Trade of the Moors. Oxford University Press London,1961. P.8.

Titus Vespasian

Di Vita, A. . op. cit., PP.248- 249

Pliny, Natural History, L. C. L. V. I. 5.

9
Cinyps

Cinyps

10
 Tripolitania Tripolitania

Gsell, S. Histoire Ancienne de I'AFrique de Nord. Tome. I. Paris,1972. P. 83.

Leschi, L., Centenarium quod aqua viva appellatur . Paris, 1941. P. 164.
Strabo, Geography, XVii.iii.7.

Bovill, E. W. op. cit. P. 5.

11
Leptis
Magna
Lpqi Lbgy

Lebqy

Lbqy

Neapolis

Magna

12
 emporia

Sabratha Leptes Magna

Oea

Herodotus, IV. 42.

14
Cinyps

Carbuncle

15
Herodotus, IV. 196.

16
19

Garamantes

Herodotus, IV. 196.

17
Sardinia
Syracuse

18
 Cinyps

Bandinelli, R., et al, The Buried city, Excavations of Lepcis Magna. Translated by Ridyway, D.,
London, 1965, P.23.

Mattingly, D. J. TRIPOLITANIA, Ist Edition, Bast Ford, Limited. London .1995, P.17.

19
 Talent

Massinisa

Merighi, A., La Tripolitania Anticia , Airoldi A ., editore verbenia,1940,P.50.

Robinson, C.E,A history of Rome Republic . Methuen and Ltd., London, 1966, PP.87-119.

20
 Numidia

Massaesylians
Massylians

Micipsa

Cirta

Herennius

Strabo, Geg. Xvii iii. 9 ; Pliny, Nat.His,L.C.L V. ii 22 .

Strabo, Geg. Xvii iii. 9 .

21
 Hamilcar

IRT. No 485. Thompson. L.A., (Roman and Native in the Tripolitania cities in the Early Empire) L.H.,
1968. P. 236.

22
24
 Herenius

Amphorae

25

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 Latifundia

28
29
 Nero
Hadrian
Vespasian

entariatio Centuriae Qudratae

(1)
Mattingly, D. J. op. cit., P.138.

30
 Cinyps

Plinius, Nat.His,L.C.L. XVIII.V.24.

Herodotus, IV.198.

Mattingly, D. J, Tripolitania , .op. cit. .,P. 138.

Ibid. P. 140.

31
 Barker, G. Gilbertson, D. Jones, B. and Mattingly, D. FARMING THE DESERT UNESCO Publishing.
.Department of Antiquities (Tripoli) Society for Libyan Studies. P.227.

32
 :

Udensis
Blandianus
Sustritanus

Udensis
Blandianus
Sustritanus Lamianus

33
 (1)

34
Domitian

Hadrian

36
37
 Pounds

Buck, D. J. and Mattingly, D.J., Town and Country in Roman Tripolitania., Society for Libyan Studies
Occasional Papers II., BAR International Series 274., England, 1985. P.27.
Buck, D.J . and Mattingly, D .J . op. cit. P.29.

Mattingly, D.J. op. cit. P.143.

38
Buck, D.J . and Mattingly, D .J. op. cit. P.2 .

Ibid. P.30-32.

Mattingly, D.J. op. cit. P.140.

39
Mattingly, D.J . op. cit. P.143.
Mattingly, D.J and Dore, J. (Romano Libyan settlement Topology & Chronology) FARMING THE
DESERT. P.135.

40
 orthostats

wihdglass ped

1
2

Idem .

Buck, D.J . and Mattingly, D .J. op. cit., P.263

41
42
43
44
The Arch of Marcus Aurelius

23

45
46
47
48
49
50
 Claodius Macerla

ELMAYER, A. F. TRIPLITANIA AND THE ROMAN EMPIRE (B.C 47-A.D.235) MARKAZ JIHAD
AL LIBYIN STUDIES CENTRE. SOCIALIST PEOPLE'S LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA. Series
No .8 .1997. P.197

ELMAYER, A. op. cit., P.199.

51
 Niger

Sesterus

ELMAYER, A. op.,cit.P.199

ELMAYER, A. op. cit., P.199.

52
 ( )

Cinyps

ELMAYER, A. op. cit., P.189

Mattingly, D. J. op. cit., .,P.148.

53
 36

54
55
Lexmanciana

56
(X )

57
 42

42

SAGREDO, C.C.M. IL VINO NELLE PAROLE DEGLI AUTORI CLASSICI. EDIZIONI CIRAAS.
2004. P.29.

58
 43

SAGREDO, C.C.M. op. cit., P.15.

59
SAGREDO, C.C.M.,op.cit.,P.9.

60
61
 DIONYSUS

SAGREDO, C.C.M. op. cit., P.12.

62
 55

55

56

Barker, G. Gilbertson, D. Jones, B. and Mattingly, D. op. cit., P. 232

Barker, G. Gilbertson, D. Jones, B. and Mattingly, D. op. cit., P. 255.

Barker, G. Gilbertson, D. Jones, B. and Mattingly, D. op. cit., P. 246.

Barker, G. Gilbertson, D. Jones, B. and Mattingly, D. op. cit., P .246.

Barker, G. Gilbertson, D. Jones, B. and Mattingly, D. op. cit., P.246.

Mattingly, D. J. op. cit., P. 148.

63
Stipendium

Stipendiarii

65
 decuriones

Elmayer, A., op.cit., P.201

annonacivica annona

Praefectus annonae

66
67
 annona

annona

68
69
 Aurium Coronarium

Munus
Publicus

annona Militaris

Caracalla Capitatio

70
 Praetor

71
 Stipendium

72
74
 57

Elmayer, A. op. cit., P.213.

Barker, G. Gilbertson, D. Jones, B. and Mattingly, D. op. cit., P. 249.

Idem.

75
 58

59

76
Brogan, O. AND SMITH, D.J. GHIRZA A LIBYAN SETTELELEMENT IN THE ROMAN PERIOD,
Published by the Department of Antiquities, Tripoli,1984, PLATE 80.

77
 60

Barker, G. Gilbertson, D. Jones, B. and Mattingly, D. op. cit., P. 252.

Brogan, O. AND SMITH, D.J. op. cit., PL. 110.

78
61

Caliglula

Barker, G. Gilbertson, D. Jones, B. and Mattingly, D. op. cit., P. 252.

79
 62 Orpheus

80
 63
64

65

Brogan, O. AND SMITH, D.J. op. cit., PL. .

81
 66

67

ARTEMIS EPHSUS

Brogan, O. AND SMITH, D.J. op. cit., PL. .

82
 69

83
 70

Brogan, O. AND SMITH, D.J. op. cit., PL. a

84
Brogan, O. AND SMITH, D.J. op. cit., PL. 52. A. b

Ibid, PL. 111c

Brogan, O. AND SMITH, D.J. op. cit., PL. a.

85
 Eros

86
 Hunting Baths

Ward-Perkins, J. B. The Hunting Baths at Lepcis Magna. Printed by Charles Batey for the Society of
Antiquaries of London. 1949. P. 193.

87
Idem.

Ward-Perkins, J. B. The Hunting Baths at Leptis Magna. P.194.

88
 Bovill, op. cit., P. 8.

91
92
93
 79

94
80

81

95
 82

83

96
 84

85

86
87

88

89

97
 Servilius Candidus

Mattingly, J. D. op.cit,. P.119.

Brown, F.E. Roman Architecture, First Edition, London, 1968, P.34.

98
 Floodwater Farming

Elmayer, A. op. cit., P.215.

Barker, G. Gilbertson, D. Jones, B. Mattingly, D. op. cit., P.191.

99
 :
Barker, G. Gilbertson, D. Jones, B. Mattingly, D. op. cit., P.191.

Matthews, K. D. And Photographs by Cook A. W. CITIES IN THE SAND. Leptis Magna and Sabrata in
Roman Africa. PHILADELPHIA UNIVERSITY OF PENSYLVANIA PRESS. P.37.

100
101
102
103
Vitafinzi, C. Post Roman changes in Wadi Libda, field studies in Libya dep. geog. Durham. 1960. P. 46.

104
105
106
 Renato Bartoccini

107
 Cinyps

Cinyps Dorieus

108
109
110
 Barker, G. Gilbertson Jones, D. Mattingly, D. op. cit., P.191.

Elmayer, A. Tripolitania. op. cit., P.215.

111

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 (Claudius)

Piglaniole, A. Histoire de Rome, Paris, 1954, P.253

114
Diocletian

115
 113

114

116
117
118
N. 13 -Supplemento AL 1958, P.7

Zanelli, A. op. cit., P.7.

119
120
Zanelli, A. op. cit., P.9
Idem

Ibid, P.10

121
Zanelli, A. op. cit., P.27

Idem

122
 Zanelli, A.op. cit., PP.11-12

Ibid., P.16

Ibid .P.12

123
Zanelli, A. op. cit., P.13

Idem

Idem

124
 119

Matthews, K.D. op.cit.P.37.; Lepelley, C. Les cites del L'Afrique Romaine Au Bas-Empire. Etudes
Augustiniennes, Paris, 1981, P.370

Zanelli, A. op.cit., PP.14-15

Idem

Ibid., P.27

125
 120

121

122

Zanelli, A. op. cit., P.27.

126
 123

124

125

126

127
127

128
 128

129

Zanelli, A. op.cit., P.53.

129
Idem.

Idem.

130
Zanelli, A. op. cit., P.54.

Ibid. P.56.

Idem.

Zanelli, A. op. cit., P.56.

131
Idem
Zanelli, A. op. cit., P.58.; Mattingly, J.D. op. cit., P.164

Zanelli, A. op. cit., P.58.

Ibid P. 64.

132
Ibid P. 59.

Zanelli,A. op.cit., P.60

Zanelli, A. op. cit., P.60

Ibid. P.64

133
 Tacfarinas

Abdelalim, M. K. Libyan Nationalism and Foreign Rule in Graeco-Roman. Printed in France, Unesco,
1986. P.157.
Zanelli, A. op. cit.,P.64

134
 Jupiter Dolicheuns

Zanelli,A. op. cit., P. 93

135
Zanelli, A. op. cit., P. 95.

Idem.

Zanelli, A. op. cit., P. 95.

136
Ibid. P. 113.

137
Zanelli, A. op. cit., P. 122

Zanelli, A.op. cit., P.123; Mattingly, J. D. op. cit., P.164

138
T

139
140
141
142
143
 caratorannonae

Liberalegatio

cornificius

145
146
 156
157

Di Vita, A. op. cit., P. 56.

147
 cardo
158)

Annobal Tapapius Rufus

Marcus linius crassius

ROBLES, J. and Blas, J. M., LIBYE Grecque, Romaineet Byzantine, P.74.

Di Vita, A. op. cit., P.56.

148
 159

160

161)

Di Vita, A. op. cit., P. 56

Mackendrick, P. The North African Stones Speak. Printed and bound in the united
States of America, 1980, P.145
Idem
Di Vita, A. op. cit., P. 61

149
 .

150
Di Vita, A. op. cit., P.61
Idem
Mackendrick, P. op. cit., P.145

151
 Mercury caduceus

Robles, J. M. op. cit., P.74

Mackendrick, P. op. cit., P.146

Rubellius Blandus

152
153
 .

Mackendrick, P. op. cit., P.146

154
Mackendrick, P , op. cit., P.14

155
Mackendrick, P op. cit., P

156
)

157
 Griffin

158
WARD-PERKINS, J.B. The SEVERAN BUILDINGS OF LEPTIS MAGNA, Society for
Libyan Studies,1993. P.3.

Mackendrick, P. op. cit., P.146

Idem.

159
ROBLES, J. and Blas, J. M., op. cit., P.74.

160
161
162
163
 ARTEMIS EPHSAS

Mackendrick, P. op. cit., P.146

164
165
 90

166
167
 chalcidicum

chalckdicum

Di Vita, A. op. cit., P.70

168
D.S.P.F.C ET PORTICVS
ETPORTAMET VIAME

IDDIBAL CAPHADA AEMILIVS

D.S.P.F.C ET PORTICVS
ETPORTAMET VIAME

NVMINI. IMP. CAESRIS. DIVI. F.AVG.

PON TI. TR. POT
XXXIII CALCHIDICVM. ETPORTICVSET PORTA. ET. VIA. AB. XV.
VIR. SACRE. EST

XXXIIII

169
 (Numen

Di Vita, A. op. cit., P.170.

175

170
 ANNOBAL RUFUS

244

171
172
 Mattingly, J. D. op. cit., P.118

174
 (Calpurnius piso)

Machendrick, P. op. cit., P.147.

Jones, G.D.B. and Kronenburg, R. The Severan Buildings, Leptis Magna. Vol. 19, 1988, P.43

175
 Jones, G.D.B. and Kronenburg, R. op. cit., P.43.

Ward- Perkins, J.B. The Severan Buildings of Lepcis Magna. Published on behalf of the Department of
Antiquities Tripoli, SPLAJ, by the society for Libyan Studies Monograph No.2 1993, P.62.
Ibid, P.7.

Ward-Perkins, J.B. The Severan Buildings of Lepcis Magna. P. 7.

Ibid. P.58.

Idem.

176
Ward-Perkins, J.B. The Severan Buildings of Lepcis Magna. P. 59.

(GORGON)

177
Ward-Perkins, J.B. The Severan Buildings of Lepcis Magna. P.60.

Ibid. P.59.

Ibid. P.60.

178
Ward-Perkins, J.B. The Severan Buildings of Lepcis Magna. P.60
Ibid. P.64

Idem

Ibid. P.66

179
Ward-Perkins, J.B. The Severan Buildings of Lepcis Magna. P.60

Idem.

Ward-Perkins, J.B. The Severan Buildings of Lepcis Magna. P.140

180
Idem
Mackendrick, P. op. cit.,P.148

Idem

181
 (APSE)

182

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Mattingly, J.D. op.cit,.P.140

185
Salama, P. Reseau Routier del Afrique Romaine, Comptes Academie des inscriptions et Belles Lattres
Paris, 1948 .P. 399

Haywood, R.M. An Economis survey of Ancient Rome, vol. Iv, Part, Roman Africa, edited by: Tenny

Frank, U.S.A. 1959, P. 34

186
 Cornelius Balbus

Proconsul

187
Fulford, M. G. (To East and West: the Mediterranean Trade of Cyrenaica and Tripolitania in Antiquity).
LIBYA: Research in Archeology, Environment, History of society. Libyan studies, 1989. P.180

Fulford, M. G.
op. cit., P.182.

189
Fulford, M. G. op. cit., P.182.

190
Elmayer, A. op. cit., PP.221 223.

Carbunculus

191
192
Elmayer, A. op. cit., PP. 220 221

193
GARUM

258

194
195
196
 Amphitheatre

197
198
199
Elmayer, A. op. cit., PP. 217 218

200
Giassis Africa

201
 Portorium)

Vicesima hereditatuim

267

202
 (Chalcidicum)

203
 (DIV (OS) Augustus)

(IMP-Caesaraug)

(Aufusta Mamate Pairia)

204
 (Imptib Caesar Augo)

(Augusta Mater Pairia)

205

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(Imptib Caesar Augo)

(Augusta Mater Pairia)

205
206
 207

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-Herodianus, History, L. C. L.
-Pliny, Natural History, L. C. L.
-Strabo, Geography, L. C. L.

481
482
483
-Abdelalim, M. K. Libyan Nationalism and Foreign Rule in Graeco-
Roman. Printed in France, Unesco, 1986.
-Bandinelli, R., et al, The Buried city, Excavations of Lepcis Magna.
Translated by Ridyway, D hond on, 1965
-BarKer, G. GiIbertson, D. Jones, B. and Mattingly, D. FARMING THE
DESERT .UNESCO Publishing. Department of Antiquities (Tripoli)
society For Libya studies
-Bovill, W. E, The Golden Trade of the Moors. Oxford University Press
London, 1961.
-Brown, F.E. Roman Architecture, First Edition, London, 1968.
-Buck, D. J. and Matingly, D.J. Town and country in Roman Tripolitania.
Society For Libyan studies occasional Papers II. 1985.
-Di Vita, A. Libya the lost cities of the Roman Empire, printed in
Slovenia, 1999.
-Elmayer, A. Tripolitania And The Roman Empire (B.C47-A.D.235)
Markaz Jihad Al Linyin Studies Centre Socialist People's Libyan Arab
Jamahiriya Series No .8 .1997.
-
-Gsell. S. Histoire Ancienne de IAFrique de Nord, Tome. T. Paris, 1972.
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Roman Africa, edited by: Tenny Frank, U.S.A.,1959.
-IRT. No 485. Thompson, L.A., Roman and Native in the Tripolitania
cities in the Early Empire. L.H., 1968.
-Jones, G.D.B. and Kronenburg, R. The Severan Buildings, Leptis
Magna. Vol. 19, 1988.

-Lepelley, C. Les cites del L'Afrique Romaine Au Bas-Empire. Etudes

Augustiniennes, Paris, 1981.
-Leschi, L., Centenarium quod aqua viva appellatur. Paris, 1941.
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484
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des inscriptions et Belles Lattres Paris. 1948.
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dep. geog. Durham. 1960.
-Ward-Perkins, J.B. The Severan Buildings of Lepcis Magna. Published
on behalf of the Department of Antiquities Tripoli, SPLAJ, by the society
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-Zanelli, A. Il Porto Romano di Leptis Magna, Bollettino Del Centro
-Supplemento AL 1958.

485
486
Fulford, M. G. (To East and West: the Mediterranean Trade of Cyrenaica
and Tripolitania in Antiquity) LIBYA: Research in Archeology,
Environment, History of society. Libya studies, 1989.

487
488
 489

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