Kristīne Kūkoja

Use of Latin in Academic Writing

Task. Add the full form if possible and its explanation

Latin Expressions and Abbreviations
Abbreviations Full forms Modern use
and Expressions
cf. cōnfer  Is used in writing to refer the reader to other
material to make a comparison with the topic being
discussed.
e.g. exempli gratia "for example" - used for giving one or
more examples.
errata erratum An error in writing or printing.

et al./et al’s. et alia  It is used in formal writing instead of giving

a long list of names of people who have written
something together.
etc. et cetera It is used to avoid giving a complete list.
et seq. et sequens/et sequ Used in written documents after a reference to
entia a page or section to show that more information is
given in later pages or sections.
ibid. ibīdem "in the same place" - used in formal writing to refer
to a book or article that has already been mentioned.
i.e. id est  Used to mean "that is" before you give a
more detailed explanation about something that you
have just written.
loc. cit. loco citato  "in the place cited" - used
by writers to avoid repeating the details of
a book or article that has already been referred to,
when all the details, including the page number, are
the same.
N.B. Nota bene Written before a piece of important information to
make readers notice it.
op. cit. opus citatum "the work cited" - is used in
an endnote or footnote to refer the reader to a cited
work, standing in for repetition of the full title of
the work.
passim passus Here and there, everywhere.
P.S. post scriptum "written after" - thought that is occurring after the
letter has been written and signed.
[sic] sic erat scriptum  "thus was it written" - inserted after a quoted word
or passage indicates that the quoted matter has been
transcribed or translated exactly as found in the
source text, complete with any erroneous, archaic,
or otherwise nonstandard
 spelling, punctuation or grammar.
supra suprā (supraorbita Used in a text to refer to
l) something mentioned earlier
viz. videlicet Used, especially in written English, when
you want to give more detail or be more exact about
something you have just written.
c./ca. circa Used especially with years.
col(s). collum Columns.
ed edited To make changes to a text or film, deciding what
will be removed and what will be kept in,
in order to prepare it for being printed or shown.
et alibi Used when referring to other occurrences in a text.
f., ff. folio/folium And the following pages.
infra īnferus Below, esp. when used in referring to parts of a text
.
l., ll. liber Abbreviation of line.
MS. MSS. manuscript the original copy of a book or article before it
is printed.
n., nn. Nomen nescio A person whose name is unknown.
n.d. no date
No(s) numero Abbreviation for numbers.
non seq. non sequitur A statement that does not correctly follow from
the meaning of the previous statement.
n.p. new paragraph No page numbers.
p.,pp. Page/pages These are included in the in-text citation.
para. /par(s). paragraph For electronic sources that do not provide page
numbers, use the paragraph number and, if
available, preceded by the abbreviation ‘para.’
Pt(s) Point An opinion or fact that deserves to
be considered seriously, or that
other people agree is true.
q.v. quod vidē  Used to reference material mentioned in text.
-rev. revised edition Used in end-text referencing when item
-rev. ed. is identified as being a revised edition.
sec(s) section The heading given in the source for the particular
section.
supra superā When pertaining to time it especially refers to any
thing previously said or written.
trans. translated Name the translator or editor only in the end-text
reference, immediately following the title. In the
case of translated works, cite the title in its
translated form, not in its original form.
vid/vide vidē  Used as a
written instruction to tell a reader to look at
a particular book, page, etc. for more information.
vide infra vidē īnfrā See below!, a term used to refer a reader to
a later place in a text.
vide supra vidē suprā See above!, a term used to refer a reader to
an earlier place in a text.
 v.; vv.
vol(s)
Vol(s) Volume(s) Include in end text referencing if books include
volume information.

vs (AmE)/v. (BrE) British and

American English

a posteriori Is a term from logic, which usually refers to

reasoning that works backward from an effect to its
causes.
a priori Relating to
an argument that suggests the probable effects of
a known cause, or
using general principles to suggest likely effects.
ad hoc (solution) It typically signifies a solution for a specific
purpose, problem, or task rather than
a generalized solution adaptable to collateral
instances.
de facto Existing in fact, although perhaps not intended, lega
l, or accepted.
de jure Having a right or existence as stated by law.
ex post facto Done, made, or formulated after the fact.
(the research Situated in the original place.
conducted) in situ
inter alia Among other things.