QUESTION # 01:

What do you understand by the Two nation theory, which became the base of
creation of Pakistan? In your opinion, considering current situation in India, was it
right theory presented at that time?
Two Nation Theory:
Two nation theory emerged during the struggle for political independence in India. This
meant two nations – Hindus and Muslims -inhabited the subcontinent. Emphasizing that
there were sharp disparities in culture, language, economic , social and religious practices of
both communities. In simple words two nation theory is a basis of creation of Pakistan. Sir
Syed Ahmed Khan was the one who for the first time demanded for separate electorate for
Muslims and also addressed them as a ‘QAUM’. Having said that Muhammad Ali Jinnah at
first came up with an idea of Hindu and Muslims as two divergent nation beings. Sir Syed
Ahmed Khan was very clear about the thinking of Indians that’s the reason he refrained
Muslims not to join the congress because he knew that congress will fulfill demands of
Hindus only. Gradually Muslims become clear that they do not have any confidence in
Hindu majority.
Beside all the other cultural and social differences both communities are pole apart when it
comes to religion. We Muslims believe in oneness of God, whereas Hindus worshipped
many. There is a great contrast between our religious festivals also that Muslims believe in
equality whereas Hindus believe in caste system. These differences of views and way of
thinking played a major role in giving rise to the idea of two striking political ideologies
which further leads towards the partition of subcontinent into two independent states in
1947.Where one has freedom to live one’s life according to one’s own customs, culture and
religion. Where there is no fear but an atmosphere of social and religious harmony.
Even after the partition the main bone of connection between two countries is Kashmir
issue. Extremist Hindu leadership is not ready to mould their thinking to accommodate
Muslims in India and Kashmir. This made us wonder that two nation theory was justified
not only at that time but also for the upcoming time because from partition to till this date
India has proved their hatred towards Muslims.
Citizen Amendment Bill:
Recently India has passed the Citizen Amendment Bill on 11 December 2019. Which says
that the people from Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh can apply for citizenship in India
if they are Sikh, Parsis, Hindu , Christian, Jain and Buddhist and if they can prove their origin
countries as listed above that they have been maltreated and victimized because of their
religion. However, on other hand Muslims of any of these countries are not a part of this act
and are still not allowed to have a citizenship. For the first time religion was used as the
standard for citizenship vividly showing that Hindus and Muslims are still two divergent
nations and can be ruled together under same democratic law only by force.
Religious freedom of Indian Muslims:
Indian Muslims till this date are not free to offer their prayers and celebrate their festivals.
There is always a fear of riots and massacre while offering prayers in mosques in certain
areas. Indian Muslims cannot even fulfill their religious obligations with an ease like
slaughtering cows on Eid Ul Adha in remembrance of Prophet Ibrahim sacrifice. Cow is
considered as esteemed being by some sects of Hinduism and Buddhism.
Babari Masjid Verdict:
Babari Masjid verdict is another proof of religious discrimination. Babari masjid was built in
Ayodhya , India. This was the place where Hindus believed is the birthplace of their deity
,Rama .This Masjid was a center of dispute among Hindus and Muslims since 18 th century
when it was built. Large number of Hindu Extremists on 6 December 1992 annihilate the
mosque resulting in riots all over the India along with the massacre of thousands of people.
Recently Indian Supreme Court granted the control of razed site of Babari Masjid to the
party who demolished the mosque in 1992 . This was after the Hindus claim that masjid was
built on birth place of their deity, Rama. Indian Supreme Court has granted permission for
the construction of Rama Temple (Hindu temple) at the site of Babari Masjid.
Article 35A :
This is an article in Indian Constitution according to which special privileges were given to
the people of Jammu and Kashmir. According to this act only permanent residents of
Kashmir would be able to buy land and property, seek government employment ,right to
vote ,in state female marriages and other health and education facilities while all the non-
residents of Kashmir are not entitled to these favors even if they are Indian citizens. On
August 2019 it was ordered that all the Indian constitutions are applicable on Jammu and
Kashmir state while obliterating/negating all the special privileges.
Kashmir Issue:
Hundreds of Muslims are killed brutely by Indian forces in Indian occupied Kashmir. These
innocent people have no freedom to celebrate their festivals, practice religious activities or
even to roam freely .At the onset of 2020 when whole world was struggling with covid-19
pandemic Kashmir was facing another issue of lockdown by Indian Government . Purpose of
this lockdown was to halt the communication of Kashmiris with outer world so as to control
the protests by Kashmiris . This initially was done by blocking the internet and phone
services in different areas which later restored. However, brutality of forces is still continue.
These all prove that two Nation theory is justified till this date . God forbid if this idea had
not stormed in brains of our leaders we too would be the ill-treated and shunned Muslims
of India today.