National University of Sciences and Technology

(NUST)
LAB REPORT

Experiment: The Gas Laws

Student Name: Mohammad Haider Bin Arif

Section: C
Date: 03/01/2021

Introduction:

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 In this experiment we will be studying the famous Gas
Laws and how they are behaving. The gas law apparatus is used for the
study of quantitative experiments that involve ideal gas law and for
investigation of working heat engine. It is also used to measure the
amount of work done by thermal energy.

Apparatus:
The apparatus includes following equipment

 Base apparatus
 Air chamber
 3 hoses (one with one-way check valves and one with clamp and one plain
piece of tubing)
 One-holed and two-holed rubber stopper

(Air chamber & tubing) (Base apparatus)

How to setup the apparatus:

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1. Using the one-holed stopper connect the tubing with one-
way valves to the air chamber and to a connecting port on
the base assembly
2. Close the shut=off valve on the tubing from the unused port
3. Set a mass of 200g on the mass platform

(A setup heat engine)

Charles’ Law

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Definition:
Charles law states that volume of gas is directly proportional
to the thermodynamic temperature of gas at constant pressure.

V=cT
Setup:
 Connect the base apparatus and air chamber by one-holed stopper
and plain tubing
 Close the shut-off valve on the tubing from the unused port
 Now turn the base apparatus on its side

Method:
1. First place the air chamber in a beaker of hot water with a
thermometer in it and record the initial temperature and the
height of piston
2. Now add some ice to the beaker and record the new
temperature and pressure at small time intervals
3. Finally find the volume of gas at different piston positions and
make a graph with vol on y-axis and temp at x-axis

(Relation between volume and temperature)

Boyle’s Law

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Definition:
Boyle’s law states that pressure is inversely proportional to
volume at constant thermodynamic temperature.

PV= constant
1
P= V

(We will need a pressure sensor to record the pressure)

Setup:
 Connect the pressure sensor to a port on the base apparatus with a
short piece of tubing
 Close the shut-off valve on the tubing from the unused port
 Now connect the pressure sensor to a computer software and record
its value from there

Method:
1. Record the initial pressure and height of piston when the platform is
raised to its highest level
2. Now apply force on the platform and start recording your height and
pressure at different levels
3. Use your value of height to find volume by using the formula for volume
of cylinder V=πr2h

4. Plot a graph

Ideal Gas Law

What is an ideal gas?
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 I. A gas which obeys all gas laws
II. The size of molecules are negligible
III. Intermolecular forces are negligible

Boyle’s law: P1V1=P2V2 at constant temperature

V1 V2
Charles’s law: =
T 1 T2 at constant pressure

Pressure law: PV=nRT

Where:
 N= number of moles
 P= pressure
 V= volume
 T = temperature
 R= universal gas constant
Note: All the values of temperature should be converted to Kelvin scale

Conclusion:
Overall the experiment was easy and we did find
out the relationship between the gas laws and finally we
were able to deduce the formula for the pressure law.