EDTT 601

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT

NAME: Khayelihle Mabaso STUDENT NO: 218054849

ASSESSMENT RUBRIC/MARKING GRID

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA COMMENT MAXIMUM STUDEN

MARK T MARK
Identify the learning theory you align yourself 10
with and explain it in details

Identify three teaching-learning 6

methods/strategies that are linked to the learning
theory you have chosen

Discuss and explain advantages and 15

disadvantages of the three teaching-learning
methods/strategies you have used

Explain how you could use the identified 15

methods/strategies to teach a topic of your
choice from Grade 12 content

Referencing 4

TOTAL 50

Constructivist theory
According to Almala (2005), learning is directed at experimental learning which is a
humanitarian adaptation based on concrete experience in the laboratory, discussions with
classmates, who then planned and made ideas and developing new concepts. Therefore, the
attention of educating and teaching is not focused on the educators but on the learners. “It is
often used to teach high order thinking skills such as reasoning and problem solving while also
helping learners transfer their knowledge to new and different situations” (Oliver, 2000).
According to Alzahrani (2013), he states that learning is an active process in which the learners
actively construct intellectual representations in their working memories. “constructivist theories
of learning, active learning occurs when learners engage in appropriate cognitive processing
during learning, resulting in the construction of cognitive representations” (Mayer, 2001).

Learning is more meaningful to learners when they are able to interact with a problem or
concept. According to Bada (2015), state that theory also helps through engaging and motivating
learners by making them take a more active role in the learning process. It utilizes interactive
teaching strategies to create meaningful contexts that help students construct knowledge based
on their own experiences. Furthermore, he states that constructivism contributes positive impact
on educational progress as to improve student’s ability because constructivism opens the
learner’s curiosity about something new. “Students can also build their knowledge to create, and
design something related to their needs” (Suhendi, 2018).

Strategies/methods associated with constructivist theory

Includes role-play which is a technique that allows learners to explore realistic situations by
interacting with other people in a managed way in order to develop experience and trial different
strategies in a supported environment. While gallery walk is a strategy that encourages learners
to aspect of all skills such as communication, investigative, higher-order and critical skills that
can carry them through college and beyond. Audio-visual session is our last learning strategy
that is related with instructional technology. Audi visual aids include all the means and
techniques which a teacher may collect from the resources and display them to make the
teaching appear real.

Advantages of role-playing method include the building of confidence and creativity. It

enhances communication skills and physical development. It promotes problem solving skills
and a fun way to teach learners about professions. “It develops emotional and social, skill, enrich
language skills and encourages imagination” (Mayer, 2001). Help learners to adapt to the moods
and expression of the given situations which they could then perform. Learners gain a different
experience related to their life and other social situation. Disadvantages of role-play methods
include time consumption. According to Mayer (2001), he says that it becomes difficult for
teacher to evaluate the leaners individually. While trainers may like role plays, many people who
attend training actually hate them and feel exceedingly uncomfortable in roleplay situations.
Advantages of gallery walk promote lifelong learning on multiple levels such as offering
learners to get out of their seats and become active participants in nearly every stage of the
lesson from creation to evaluation. According to Oliver (2000), he states that it makes sure that
every learner has an opportunity to participate, contribute to an answer, offer feedback and to
consider everyone’s thoughts as well. It encourages creative thinking using research and forming
opinions while still leaving their minds open to change if some new information comes to light.
It is a fun way for learners to be exposed to several different ideas and topics. Disadvantages of
gallery walk strategy include time consumption. According to Suhendi (2018) state that, a few
students in the group may not actively participate in the knowledge construction, some students
prefer to learn individually and hence may not participate in discussion and the evaluation may
not be just. According to Anderson (1999), he maintained that choosing a technique should be
suitable to teach students writing ability. It also brings many challenges especially since it
requires a lot of space and when you have many learners, it may become a little overcrowded
which can make it ineffective.

Advantages of Audio-visual session strategy is that it makes an important way for students to
understand the lesson and comprehend it because of use of pictures and animations along with
listening material. Audio visual aids are used to explain complex subject matters. “Using this
method, new language can be taught more clearly with the introduction of the new vocabulary”
(Bada, 2015). And develops the lesson creating the real-life situation and motivating the learners
and creating interests. According to Mayer (2001), he acknowledges that it does increases
student learning and creates a more welcoming environment in class. It strengthens the
relationship between the teacher and learners by effective transmission of ideas and experiences
and through pupils, participation etc. A teacher can make presentation in the class more
interesting and effective by using various audio-visual aids.
Disadvantages of Audio-visual session is that in underdeveloped areas and classes, these
arrangements cannot be done because of a low budget. According to Mayer (2001), he
maintained that this method allows extensive use of equipment with all associated problems of
black-out, extension leads, carrying tape-recorders from classroom to classroom. Mechanical
drills in audio-visual method are boring, mindless, and counterproductive.

Teaching using Audio-visual session method (Tourist attraction)

Learners will watch a short video recording which shows different kinds of factors contributing
to the success of a tourist destination. Then after the video is over, the learners will be grouped
into five groups. Each group will choose any South African attractions and write down factors
that contribute to that tourist attraction success referring to textbook as well. Then each group
members will get to present their finding before a class and after that I will give them an
individual activity whereby they will be naming characteristics of a successful tourist attraction.
These guideline will make them understand what makes a tourist attraction a success.

Teaching using role-playing method.

I will use talk show in my class whereby I will divide learners, first I choose a panel then into
contestants, and the remaining ones will be an audience. The topic will be tourist attraction, each
contestants will choose any world heritage sites to represent in front of panel. The contestants
will act as ambassadors of different world heritage sites and they will need to convince a panel as
to why their attractions are worth of being visited. Each contestants will list facts and
characteristics as to why their attraction is the best to be visited. In the end I will ask the
audience some questions regarding of some the world heritage sites presented to see if there were
really paying attention. Everyone will get to participate and learn about some of the world best
heritage sites around the World.

Teaching using a Gallery walk method

I will group learners into groups of five whereby they will discuss the three pillars of sustainable
tourism. Each group will get a chart where they will attach their answers for everyone to see.
Group members will move to others groups’ posters rotating in a clockwise direction. Each
group representative will give a presentation on the group’s poster. Members can leave their
suggestions or ideas in different charts so that everyone get hear about other people’s opinions.
Thereafter groups will return to their tables and share their observations. After that we will
discuss as a class to what role can we play in making sure that we promote sustainability in
tourism.
REFERENCES

1. Alzahrani, I., & Woollard, J. (2013). The Role of the Constructivist Learning Theory and
Collaborative Learning Environment on Wiki Classroom, and the Relationship between
Them. Online Submission.

2. Almala, A. H. (2005). A constructivist conceptual framework for a quality e-learning

environment. Distance Learning, 2(5), 9.

3. Anderson, D. S. L. C. E. (1999). Constructivism: A paradigm for older learners. Educational

Gerontology, 25(3), 203-209

4. Bada, S. O., & Olusegun, S. (2015). Constructivism learning theory: A paradigm for teaching
and learning. Journal of Research & Method in Education, 5(6), 66-70.

5. Mayer, R. E. (1999). Designing instruction for constructivist learning. Instructional-design

theories and models: A new paradigm of instructional theory, 2, 141-159.

6. Oliver, K. M. (2000). Methods for developing constructivist learning on the web. Educational

technology, 40(6), 5-18.

7. Suhendi, A. (2018). Constructivist learning theory: The contribution to foreign language

learning and teaching. KnE Social Sciences, 87-95.