ELP NOTES: FINALS

May 25, 2021 (Tuesday)

SUMMARIZING
Gist  shortened, key points, normally
comes in bullets
Abridgement  putting together,
compressing and considering to minimize
space and maximize use of words
Other terms:
Precis Writing
 French word which means to cut down or
prune
 Brief statement of essential/important
things about a longer passage, prose, or
verse
 should carry the same mood, tone, and
POV of the writer, so, opinions, comments,
and interpretations are a no-no
Abstract
 summary of a description of a person –
Medical Abstract
PRECIS VS. ABSTRACT
Precis
 for common passages such as prose,
verses, biblical passages, and others
Abstract
 formal report, journal, research papers,
professional meetings (minutes of the
meeting)
 it is meant for special fields. Initially, they
(professional groups, et al.) don’t have
enough time to wait for materials so they
use the abstract
Tips:
Bascara
1) Comprehend
2) Note author’s main point
Salagan
3) Term familiarity
4) Retain mood, tone, and organizational
patterns of the materials
5) Write concisely  sometimes bent. The
suggested or ideal size of the summarized
article to provide is 1/3 of the original.
What’s concise to may not be concise to
others.
In digest, 1/3 cannot be achieved.
Digest – ideal slice of a summary, large
section in the article is left unchanged.
Facts must not be changed.
Comprehend – to understand, analyze, and
to look how the author feels about the
passage
Term familiarity – analyze how it is used in
the context
– be familiar with the term used by the
author
– look at the reason, the rationale. Look at
what the writer is trying to say, the time
when it was written, the place where it was
written, as well as the inspiration of the
writer
“What inspired the writer to write the
content?”
Retain mood – if the voice is
argumentative, let it be.
Write concisely.

Digest
 Law school; used by law students –
“case digest”
 Summary of cases and other articles
 You cannot perform summarizing
because you might change the facts and
other details

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ELP NOTES: FINALS
May 25, 2021 (Tuesday)
PARAPHRASING
Paraphrasing – anthesis of summarizing
Para means beyond; phrasing means to tell.
Therefore, paraphrasing means beyond just
saying the things.
It could be a summary but sometimes,
paraphrased version is longer, which is not
advisable.
Notes:
1) In paraphrasing, there must be no
personal injection of what you have in mind.
2) Is translation paraphrasing? Yes, it is
considered. In its entirety, translation is
different. Translation means from a
language to another language.
In this context, translating can be
paraphrasing from the complex term to a
simpler or layman’s term.
3) Demands complete understanding of the
text. You cannot paraphrase something
without understanding the whole passage or
content first.
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THE ESSAY
Essay is a group of paragraphs.
Essay are lengthened paragraph. – FALSE!
Essay is a lot of lengthened
paragraph.
A sentence can consist of one word (one-
word sentence) but a paragraph cannot
consist of only one sentence.
Elements of an Essay:
1) Thesis/Thesis Statement
 “That one glowing thing that keeps
everything tied together”
 Basis/main idea
 An idea that revolves in one paragraph.
 The main idea that the author is trying to
point. But not all essays have thesis
statement
With thesis statement:
Argumentative, Editorial, Opinion, Column
Can be without thesis statement:
Narrative and descriptive essays
Placement of thesis statement:
Commonly, they come in the first statement
Argumentative/Opinion – writers put them in
the end to have a climactic effect
ELP NOTES: FINALS
May 25, 2021 (Tuesday)

In the passage above, the thesis statement

can be found in the last statement.

2) Unity – unity comes hand in hand with

the thesis
Everything you are going to say should be
related to your thesis statement or thesis
per se.

3) Organization
 inductive or deductive
 Inductive – specific to general
 Deductive – general to specific

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