UNIT-1

MAGNETICALLY COUPLED
CIRCUITS PART-1
Prepared by
N.KIRAN
Assistant Professor
EEE Department, ANITS
CONTENTS
MAGNETICALLY COUPLED CIRCUITS 2
• Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction
• Lenz’s Law
• Self inductance (L) , Mutual inductance (M) & Coefficient of
Coupling (k)
• Relation between L, M and k
• Concept of Dot convention
• Electrical equivalent of coupled circuits
• Write KVL equations for a Magnetically coupled circuit
• Equivalent inductance of Magnetically coupled circuit
Prepared by N.KIRAN, Assistant Professor, EEE Department, ANITS
 FARADAY’S LAW OF ELECTROMAGNETIC 3
INDUCTION

FIRST LAW:
• Whenever a coil or conductor cuts magnetic field, an
EMF is induced in that conductor or coil.
OR
• Whenever magnetic flux linking a coil or conductor
changes, an EMF is induced in it.

Prepared by N.KIRAN, Assistant Professor, EEE Department, ANITS

 FARADAY’S LAW OF ELECTROMAGNETIC 4
INDUCTION

SECOND LAW:

• It states that magnitude of induced EMF in a conductor

or coil is equal to rate of change of flux linkages

Prepared by N.KIRAN, Assistant Professor, EEE Department, ANITS

 FA R A D AY ' S L A W O F
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
Source: Science Education

Prepared by N.Kiran, Asst. Professor, EEE Dept, ANITS,

DIRECTION OF INDUCED EMF 6

LENZ’S LAW FLEMING’S

RIGHT HAND
RULE

Prepared by N.KIRAN, Assistant Professor, EEE Department, ANITS

 7 LENZ'S LAW

The direction of induced EMF is in such a way so as to oppose the very

cause producing it.

Prepared by N.Kiran, Asst. Professor, EEE Dept, ANITS,

 LENZ'S LAW
8 Source: tick Links

Prepared by N.Kiran, Asst. Professor, EEE Dept, ANITS,

FLEMING’S RIGHT HAND RULE 9

Prepared by N.KIRAN, Assistant Professor, EEE Department, ANITS

EXPRESSION FOR INDUCED EMF 10
• Suppose coil has N turns and flux through it changes
from initial value of φ1 Wb to final value φ2 Wbs in
time t secs
• According to 2nd law of Faraday

• According to Lenz’s law, induced EMF sets up a

current in a such a direction so as to oppose very
cause producing it.
• This opposition is mathematically expressed by
negative sign.

Prepared by N.KIRAN, Assistant Professor, EEE Department, ANITS

NATURE OF INDUCED EMF 11

Prepared by N.KIRAN, Assistant Professor, EEE Department, ANITS

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STATICALLY INDUCED EMF
AND DYNAMICALLY INDUCED EMF 12

• The conductor is moved in a stationary magnetic field in such a way that flux
linking it changes in magnitude.
• The EMF induced in this way is called DYNAMICALLY INDUCED EMF. This is called so
because EMF is induced in conductor which is in MOTION.

• The conductor is stationary & magnetic field is moving or changing in such a way
that flux linking it changes in magnitude.
• The EMF induced in this way is called STATICALLY INDUCED EMF. This is called so
because EMF is induced in conductor which is STATIONARY.

Prepared by N.KIRAN, Assistant Professor, EEE Department, ANITS

STATICALLY INDUCED EMF 13

SELF
INDUCED EMF

MUTUALLY
INDUCED EMF
Prepared by N.KIRAN, Assistant Professor, EEE Department, ANITS

•Consider a coil having N
turns.
• Let a current of I be
flowing coil if switch is
closed.
•Flux produced by the coil
links with the coil itself.
Prepared by N.KIRAN, Assistant Professor, EEE Department, ANITS
SELF INDUCED EMF 14
• Total flux linkages of coil is Nφ Wb-turns
• If current is changed using variable
resistance, flux produced will also change.
• Due to which flux linkages will also change
• Hence according to Faraday’s law, due to
rate of change of flux linkages, there will be
induced E.M.F in the coil.
• The E.M.F induced in the coil due to change
of its own flux linked with it is called SELF
INDUCED E.M.F
• The direction of this induced E.M.F can be
obtained by Lenz’s law.

• If current in the coil is increasing,
self induced emf will be set up in
such a direction so as to oppose
increase in current.
• If current in the coil is decreasing,
self induced emf will be set up in
such a direction so as to oppose
decrease in current.
Prepared by N.KIRAN, Assistant Professor, EEE Department, ANITS
SELF INDUCTANCE 15
• It should be noted that self
inductance does not prevent current
from changing. But it serves only to
delay the change
• The property of a coil that opposes
any change in current passing
through it is called “ SELF
INDUCTANCE”.
EXPRESSION FOR SELF INDUCTANCE 16

• From Faraday’s law of Electromagnetic Induction, self induced

E.M.F can be expressed as

• Negative sign indicates that direction of this E.M.F is opposing

change in current

Prepared by N.KIRAN, Assistant Professor, EEE Department, ANITS

 EXPRESSION FOR SELF INDUCTANCE 17

• Since magnetic flux is due to current in the coil, so magnetic flux linkages
(=Nϕ) will be proportional to current I

Equating equations 1 and 2

where L is called Self Inductance

So SELF INDUCTANCE can be defined as flux linkages per unit ampere current in
it. Its unit is HENRY.
Prepared by N.KIRAN, Assistant Professor, EEE Department, ANITS
OTHER EXPRESSIONS FOR SELF INDUCTANCES
18

Prepared by N.KIRAN, Assistant Professor, EEE Department, ANITS

MUTUALLY INDUCED EMF 19

• If the flux produced by one

coil is getting linked with
another coil and due to change
in this flux produced by first
coil, there is induced E.M.F in
second coil.
• Such a E.M.F is called
MUTUALLY INDUCED EMF.

Prepared by N.KIRAN, Assistant Professor, EEE Department, ANITS

 MUTUAL INDUCTANCE 20

• The property of two adjacent

• Any change of current in Coil A is coils to induce voltage in one coil
always accompanied by mutual due to change of current in other
induced E.M.F in Coil B. coil
• Similarly any change of current in “ MUTUAL INDUCTANCE”.
Coil B is always accompanied by
mutual induced E.M.F in Coil A.
Prepared by N.KIRAN, Assistant Professor, EEE Department, ANITS
EXPRESSION FOR MUTUAL INDUCTANCE 21

• Let two coils Coil A and Coil B carrying current be I1 and I2 having
number of turns to be N1 and N2
• Coils will have mutual flux ϕ12(Coil A) and ϕ21 (Coil B) respectively
• EMF induced in Coil B due to current flowing in Coil A

Prepared by N.KIRAN, Assistant Professor, EEE Department, ANITS

 EXPRESSION FOR MUTUAL INDUCTANCE
22
• Change in Flux Linkages in coil B is directly proportional to change in
current in coil A

• Equating equations 1 and 2

Prepared by N.KIRAN, Assistant Professor, EEE Department, ANITS

 EXPRESSION FOR MUTUAL INDUCTANCE 23

• Similarly

Prepared by N.KIRAN, Assistant Professor, EEE Department, ANITS

OTHER EXPRESSIONS FOR MUTUAL INDUCTANCE
24

Prepared by N.KIRAN, Assistant Professor, EEE Department, ANITS

COEFFICIENT OF COUPLING 25

• It is defined as the fraction of total flux that links the coils

where ϕ1 and ϕ2 are flux in each coil and ϕ12 and ϕ21 are flux
linked with other coils
Since ϕ12 < ϕ1 and ϕ21 < ϕ2
Maximum value of K is unity.

Prepared by N.KIRAN, Assistant Professor, EEE Department, ANITS

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
SELF INDUCTANCE(L), MUTUAL INDUCTANCE (M)
AND COEFFICIENT OF COUPLING(k) 26
We know

Multiplying above both equations

Prepared by N.KIRAN, Assistant Professor, EEE Department, ANITS

 THANK YOU

Prepared by N.KIRAN, Assistant Professor, EEE Department, ANITS