Physics

Art Integrated Project

Class XII

BY KANISHK DUNGARWAL
 CONTENT
• Acknowledgement
• Aim
• Equipments used
• mutual inductance
• EMF of Mutual Inductance
• Applications of Mutual
Inductance
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

 Primarily we would thank god for being able to complete this project with
success. Then we would like to thank our physics teacher Mr.Banshilal Dhakad,
whose valuable guidance has been the ones that helped us patch this project and
make it full proof success . His suggestions and his instruction has served as the
major contributor towards the completion of the project.
 Then we would like to thank our parents and our classmates who have
helped us with their valuable suggestions and guidance in various phases of the
completion of the project.
AIM
TO STUDY THE
PHENOMENON OF MUTUAL
INDUCTANCE.
COMPONENTS USED:-

 Cardboard sheet
 Tape
 Copper wires
 Battery
 Resistor
 Transistor
 Led light
 Connecting wires
Mutual Inductance

 Mutual Inductance is the interaction of

one coils magnetic field on another coil
as it induces a voltage in the adjacent
coil. In the previous tutorial we saw that
an inductor generates an induced emf
within itself as a result of the changing
magnetic field around its own turns.
 Mutual inductance is the main operating
principle of generators, motors, and
transformers. Any electrical device having
components that tend to interact with another
magnetic field also follows the same
principle. The interaction is usually brought
about by a mutual induction where the
current flowing in one coil generates a
voltage in a secondary coil.
Let us understand the phenomenon of
Mutual Inductance by considering an
example as shown in the above figure.
Two coils namely coil A and coil B are
placed nearer to each other. When the
switch S is closed, and the current flows in
the coil, it sets up the flux φ in the coil A
and emf is induced in the coil and if the
value of the current is changed by varying
the value of the resistance (R), the flux
linking with the coil B also changes
because of this changing current.
Thus this phenomenon of the linking flux of
the coil A with the other coil, B is
called Mutual Inductance.
For determining the Mutual Inductance
between the two coils, the following
expression is used
This expression is used when the magnitude of mutually induced emf in the coil and
the rate of change of current in the neighbouring coil is known.
If em = 1 volt and dI1/dt = 1 ampere then putting this value in the equation (1) we get
the value of mutual inductance as M=1 Henry

Hence, from the above statement, you can define Mutual Inductance as “the two
coils are said to have a mutual inductance of one Henry if an emf of 1 volt is
induced in one coil or say primary coil when the current flowing through the other
neighbouring coil or secondary coil is changing at the rate of 1 ampere/second”.
Mutual inductance can also be expressed in another way as shown below

Equating equation (2) and (3) you will get

The above expression is used when the flux linkage (N2φ12) of one coil due to the
current (I1) flowing through the other coil are known.

The value of Mutual Inductance (M) depends upon the following factors
1. Number of turns in the secondary or neighboring coil
2.Cross-sectional area
3.Closeness of the two coils
Applications of Mutual Inductance

• Transformers – Change one AC voltage

into another
• Airport Metal Detectors

– Pulsed current Æ pulsed magnetic field Æ Induces emf in

metal
– Ferromagnetic metals “draw in” more B Æ larger
mutual inductance Æ larger emf

– Emf Æ current (how much, how long it lasts, depends on

the resistivity of the material)

– Decaying current produces decaying magnetic field Æ

induces current in receiver coils

– Magnitude & duration of signal depends on the

composition and geometry of the metal object.
• Pacemakers
– It’s not easy to change the
battery!
– Instead, use an external AC
supply.

– Alternating current
 alternating B
 alternating ФB inside “wearer”
 induces AC current to power pacemaker