IYAH MARIE M.

TRAJICO
12-PHILIPPIANS

1. What is Faraday's Law and what are the uses of this law?

Faraday's Law, named after the English physicist Michael Faraday, describes the relationship
between a change in magnetic field and the generation of an electric current. It states that when
there is a change in magnetic flux through a conductor, an electromotive force (EMF) is induced
in the conductor, which results in the flow of an electric current.
The law can be stated mathematically as:
EMF = - dΦ/dt
where EMF is the electromotive force induced in the conductor, Φ is the magnetic flux through
the conductor, and dΦ/dt is the rate of change of magnetic flux.
The uses of Faraday's Law are numerous and varied. It forms the basis of many important
technologies, such as:
1. Generators: Faraday's Law is the underlying principle behind the operation of generators,
which convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. Generators use the rotation of a coil of
wire in a magnetic field to generate an EMF and thus produce an electrical current.
2. Transformers: Transformers use Faraday's Law to transfer electrical energy from one circuit to
another. They consist of two coils of wire wound around a common iron core. A varying current
in one coil produces a changing magnetic field, which induces an EMF in the other coil.
3. Induction cooktops: Induction cooktops use Faraday's Law to generate heat. They contain a
coil of wire that produces a rapidly changing magnetic field. When a pot or pan made of a
ferromagnetic material is placed on the cooktop, the magnetic field induces an electrical current
in the metal, which generates heat and cooks the food.
4. MRI machines: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) machines use Faraday's Law to create
images of the inside of the body. They generate a strong magnetic field that causes the hydrogen
atoms in the body's tissues to align themselves. A radiofrequency pulse is then applied, causing
the atoms to absorb energy and emit it back as a signal. The signal is detected by coils of wire,
which use Faraday's Law to convert it into an image.
Overall, Faraday's Law is a fundamental principle of electromagnetism and has countless
practical applications in modern technology
2. What is Lenz's Law, and its applications?

Lenz's Law is a fundamental law of electromagnetism, which describes the direction of

the induced electromotive force (EMF) that opposes the change in magnetic flux that
produced it. The law was formulated by the Russian physicist Heinrich Lenz in 1834 and
is a consequence of the law of conservation of energy.
The statement of Lenz's Law is as follows: "An induced EMF always gives rise to a current
that creates a magnetic field that opposes the original change in magnetic flux that
produced it."
In other words, Lenz's Law states that any change in a magnetic field induces an EMF
that creates a current, which produces a magnetic field that opposes the original
change. This opposition is known as the "Lenz's Law counterforce" or "Lenz's Law back
EMF."
The applications of Lenz's Law are numerous, and it has many practical uses in various
fields, including:
1.Electric motors: Lenz's Law is essential to the operation of electric motors. When an
electric current is passed through a coil of wire, it creates a magnetic field that produces
a torque on the motor shaft. As the shaft rotates, the magnetic field changes, inducing a
counter EMF that opposes the current and slows down the motor. This effect is
necessary for controlling the speed of the motor.
2.Transformers: Lenz's Law is also essential for the operation of transformers. When an
alternating current flows through a coil of wire, it creates a magnetic field that induces
an EMF in the secondary coil. This induced EMF produces a current that creates a
magnetic field that opposes the original magnetic field, thereby regulating the amount
of current flowing through the secondary coil.
3.Eddy currents: When a conductor is subjected to a changing magnetic field, Lenz’s Law
induces eddy currents in the conductor, which create a magnetic field that opposes the
original change in the magnetic field. This effect is utilized in various applications such as
metal detectors, electromagnetic brakes, and magnetic damping.
4.Induction heating: Lenz's Law is also utilized in induction heating, where a varying
magnetic field is used to heat a conducting material. The magnetic field induces eddy
currents in the material, which generate heat due to the resistance of the material.
 Overall, Lenz's Law is a fundamental principle of electromagnetism that has many
practical applications in various fields. It provides a fundamental understanding of the
behavior of electric and magnetic fields and is essential for the design and operation of
many modern devices and technologies.

3. Explain the difference between Inductance, Capacitance and Resistance?

Inductance, capacitance, and resistance are three fundamental electrical

properties that affect the behavior of electric circuits. The key differences
between them are:
1.Inductance: Inductance is the property of an electrical circuit that opposes any
change in the current flowing through it. Inductance is measured in henries (H)
and is symbolized by the letter L. Inductors are passive electrical components
that store energy in a magnetic field created by the flow of electric current. The
energy stored in an inductor is proportional to the square of the current flowing
through it.
2.Capacitance: Capacitance is the property of an electrical circuit that opposes
any change in the voltage across it. Capacitance is measured in farads (F) and is
symbolized by the letter C. Capacitors are passive electrical components that
store energy in an electric field created by the separation of electric charge. The
energy stored in a capacitor is proportional to the square of the voltage across it.
3.Resistance: Resistance is the property of an electrical circuit that opposes the
flow of electric current through it. Resistance is measured in ohms (Ω) and is
symbolized by the letter R. Resistors are passive electrical components that
dissipate energy in the form of heat. The amount of energy dissipated by a
resistor is proportional to the square of the current flowing through it.
In summary, inductance, capacitance, and resistance are three fundamental
electrical properties that affect the behavior of electric circuits. Inductance
opposes any change in the current, capacitance opposes any change in the
voltage, and resistance opposes the flow of electric current through a circuit.

4. Give me all the formula to get emf(electromotive force) and a sample problem with solution on each
formula.
Here are some of the formulas used to calculate electromotive force
(EMF) in different contexts:
1. Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction: EMF is induced in a
conductor when it is moved through a magnetic field or when the
magnetic field passing through the conductor changes. Faraday's Law
can be expressed mathematically as:
EMF = -N(dΦ/dt)
where EMF is the induced electromotive force, N is the number of turns
in the coil, and dΦ/dt is the rate of change of magnetic flux. The
negative sign in the formula indicates that the direction of the induced
EMF opposes the change in magnetic flux.
Sample Problem: A coil of wire with 500 turns is placed in a magnetic
field that changes from 0.5 T to 1.0 T in 0.1 seconds. What is the
induced EMF in the coil?
Solution: Using the formula, EMF = -N(dΦ/dt), we get:
EMF = -500[(1.0 - 0.5)/0.1] = -2500 volts
The negative sign indicates that the direction of the induced EMF is
opposite to the direction of the change in magnetic field.
2. Voltage Source: In a voltage source, such as a battery or generator, the
EMF is produced by a chemical reaction or mechanical motion. The EMF
produced is given by:
EMF = V - Ir
where V is the voltage of the source, I is the current flowing through the
source, and r is the internal resistance of the source.
Sample Problem: A battery has an EMF of 12 volts and an internal
resistance of 0.5 ohms. If a current of 2 amps flows through the battery,
what is the voltage across the terminals of the battery?
Solution: Using the formula, EMF = V - Ir, we get:
V = EMF + Ir = 12 + 2(0.5) = 13 volts
Therefore, the voltage across the terminals of the battery is 13 volts.
3. AC Generator: In an AC generator, the EMF produced is given by:
EMF = BANω sin(ωt)
 where B is the magnetic field strength, A is the area of the coil, N is the
number of turns in the coil, ω is the angular velocity of the generator,
and t is the time.
Sample Problem: An AC generator has a magnetic field strength of 0.5 T,
an area of 0.2 m^2, and 500 turns. If the angular velocity of the
generator is 100 radians/second, what is the maximum EMF produced
by the generator?
Solution: Using the formula, EMF = BANω sin(ωt), we get:
EMF = 0.5 x 0.2 x 500 x 100 sin(100t) = 10,000 sin(100t) volts
Therefore, the maximum EMF produced by the generator is 10,000
volts.

5. Explain like I am 5 years old, What is the difference between AC and DC, and why do we have two
types of current?

Imagine a water hose. Sometimes the water flows in one

direction, and sometimes it flows in the opposite direction. This
is like the difference between AC (alternating current) and DC
(direct current).
AC is like the water that flows back and forth in the hose, while
DC is like the water that only flows in one direction.
We have two types of current because they are used for
different things. AC is used to power things that need to move,
like fans or motors. DC is used to power things that need a
steady flow of energy, like batteries or your computer.
So, just like you need different tools for different jobs, we have
two types of current to power different things!