Simple Electromagnetic Induction

If a conductor cuts
N s
the magnetic field lines of a magnet
it causes a change in magnetic flux
Hence an EMF is induced
taraday'slaw The induced EMF is directly proportional

o the rate of change of magnetic flux

Sensitive centre zero meter Galvanometer
It is used to measure the size of Induced EMF

When magnet enters a coil the field

lines cut through the turns inducing
an EMF

at rest n
4 0

NY

Magnetmoving towardsthecoil

moving
in Boy y 2mV
arrest
thingy the coil

Magnet pulled out of

TMM
the coil
Ye 2m

Moving
n

tow to increase in Induced EMF

ÉM n

Increase numberof
FIMMm.ing.FM F
moving in

2Thespeed of motion of 3 The of the

turns in the coil strength
magnet or coil mad
yet4mV yet4mV yet4mV
Direction of Induced EMF

Lenz law The induced EMF in a

conductor is such that it always
opposes the change that produces
it

This behavior is an Example of

principle of conservation of energy if the current produced
the magnetic field of opposite polarity to what is shown
energy
would
be created from nothing

Fleming's Right hand Rule

For a straight wire

moving
in the field at right
magnetic
angles the direction of
induced EMF can be found
by
Fleming's Right hand rule
2 Current into
Force the page
magneticfield 1 Current out
of the page

Current
 Simple AC Generator
Working Principle Faraday's law of
Electromagnetic Induction

SlipRings It flips the direction of

the current the external circuit
in
when the coil crosses the vertical
position

To increase the magnitude of

EMF induced
I Increase Strength of the magnet
2 Increase no of turns in the coil

I Increase the frequency of rotation of coil AKA speed

Wind the coil on soft Iron core

Double magnetic field

Double no of turns
V

t
j l
0.5

No effect on time
 x V

s
E t

Frequency of rotation Doubled

Transformer
A Transformer transforms changes
alternating voltage
from one value to another of greater or smaller
value
Working Principle Faraday's law of Electromagnetic Inductio
soft iron core

7
3 Output
Input Secondary coil
primary coil

When current in the coil is changed a voltage

is induced in the neighbouring coil This is called
Mutual Induction
 Working of Transformer

An Alternating the primary coil induces an

current in
alternating magnetic field in the soft iron core

Themagnetic field interacts with the secondary coil

and hence there is a rate of change of magnetic
flux linkage

Hence an EMF is induced in the secondary coil

Step up transformer Step down transformer

EE É E
Ns Np Ms Np
Vs Xp
No d turns Is I s
1 Voltage
I Current

Due to more no ofturns at e to less no of turns at

secondary coil greater
interaction secondary coil lesser interaction
occurs hence more em occurs so less EMF
 Ideal Transformer

1001 efficient

a Pin Pout No energy loss

YpIp ISIS

É É
11 1004 400 11 1000
I 10A I I 2A II

Vp 2204
Ip 2A
1000turns
Np
EBS 33 7
Us
Is
Ms
 For the same transformer to be 801 efficient

Advantages of high voltage transmission of Electricity

1 lower power loss in transmission cables

2 lower current in cables so cheaper cables can

be used