Lec: 6, 26 June 2021

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism
➢ A current carrying wire creates magnetic filed around it.

Biot-Savart Law
Electromagnet
➢ A current carrying wire creates magnetic filed around it.
 Electromagnetic induction
➢ When the magnetic flux linking a circuit changes, an electromotive force is
induced in the circuit proportional to the rate of change of the flux linkage.
 Mutual induction
➢ The production of an electromotive force in a circuit by a change in the current in an adjacent
circuit which is linked to the first by the flux lines of a magnetic field.
➢ Constant current, NO change of magnetic flux, NO induced emf.
 Transformer
➢ A transformer consists of two electrically isolated coils and operates on Faraday's
principal of “mutual induction”.

➢ Step up transformer: Secondary voltage is higher than primary

➢ Step down transformer: Secondary voltage is lower than primary
Power remains constant: Input power = Output power
IpVp=IsVs
 Self induction
➢ Induction of an electromotive force in a coil by a varying current in the same coil.
➢ emf induced in the coil in a direction opposite to the applied emf.
 Auto-Transformer
➢There is one winding, a portion of which is common to both the primary
and the secondary circuits.
➢Operates on the principle of self-induction.
X-ray production
X-ray circuit