Final lab project report:

Group Members:
Haj wali jan
Zohaib Ahmed
Muhammed hasnain
Title: Wireless Power Transmission through Mutual
Induction and Transistor Amplification

I. Introduction

Wireless power transmission is an innovative and efficient technology that aims

to transmit electrical power without the need for physical connectors. In this
project, we explore the principles of mutual induction and transistor amplification
to achieve wireless power transmission.

PRINCIPLE:

Electromagnetic induction (or sometimes just

induction) is a process where a conductor
placed in a changing magnetic field (or a
conductor moving through a stationary
magnetic field) causes the production of a
voltage across the conductor. This process of
electromagnetic induction, in turn, causes an
electrical current - it is said to induce the current

.
Purpose:
The purpose of this project is to investigate the feasibility of wireless power
transmission using the principles of mutual induction and transistor amplification.
By understanding and applying electromagnetic induction concepts, we aim to
demonstrate the transfer of electrical power from one coil to another without the
need for direct physical connections. This project serves to showcase the
practical applications of these principles in wireless power transmission systems.

III. Circuit Description

The circuit presented in the video involves the following components and
principles:

1. 9V Battery:
- The project begins with a 9V battery, serving as the power source for the
circuit.

2. NPN Transistor:
- An NPN (Negative-Positive-Negative) transistor is employed to amplify the 9V
battery voltage. Transistors are electronic devices that can amplify signals and
control the flow of electrical current.

3. Transistor Amplification:
 - The NPN transistor amplifies the 9V battery voltage, generating high-intensity
pulses. This amplification process is crucial for achieving efficient wireless power
transmission.

4. Insulated Copper Coils:

- Two insulated copper coils are utilized in the circuit. These coils play a key
role in wireless power transmission through the principles of mutual induction.

5. Wireless Power Transmission:

- The high-intensity pulses generated by the transistor induce an
electromagnetic field in the first coil. According to the principle of mutual
induction, this changing magnetic field can induce a voltage in the second coil,
even when they are not physically connected.

6. Electromagnetic Field Conversion:

- The induced electromagnetic field in the second coil is converted back into
voltage. This phenomenon occurs due to the principle of electromagnetic
induction.

Working:

Current is produced in a conductor when it is moved through a magnetic field

because the magnetic lines of force are applying a force on the free
electrons in the conductor and causing them to move. This process of
generating current in a conductor by placing the conductor in a changing
magnetic field is called induction. This is called induction because there is no
physical connection between the conductor and the magnet. The current is said to
be induced in the conductor by the magnetic field. One requirement for this
electromagnetic induction to take place is that the conductor, which is often
a piece of wire, must be perpendicular to the magnetic lines of force in order
to produce the maximum force on the free electrons. The direction that the induced current
flows is determined by the direction of the lines of force and by the direction the
wire is moving in the field. In the animation above the ammeter (the
instrument used to measure current) indicates when there is current in the
conductor.

​ 9V Battery:
● The project begins with a 9V battery, which serves as the primary power
source. This battery provides the initial voltage required to kickstart the
wireless power transmission circuit.
​ NPN Transistor:
● An NPN transistor is utilized in the circuit. When a small voltage is applied
to the base of the transistor, it allows a larger current to flow from the
collector to the emitter. In this project, the transistor acts as an amplifier,
increasing the voltage from the 9V battery to generate high-intensity
pulses.
​ Transistor Amplification:
● The amplified high-intensity pulses are crucial for the wireless power
transmission process. The transistor functions as an electronic switch,
rapidly turning on and off, creating a pulsating signal.
​ Insulated Copper Coils:
● Two insulated copper coils are employed in the circuit. The first coil is
connected to the transistor output, while the second coil is positioned at a
distance.
​ Wireless Power Transmission:
● As the transistor generates high-intensity pulses, an electromagnetic field
is induced in the first coil. This changing magnetic field, created by the
rapid switching of the transistor, follows the principle of mutual induction.
● The second coil, placed in proximity to the first coil, picks up the changing
magnetic field. According to the principle of mutual induction, an
electromotive force (EMF) is induced in the second coil, even though there
is no direct electrical connection between the two coils.
​ Electromagnetic Field Conversion:
● The induced electromagnetic field in the second coil is then converted
back into voltage. As the changing magnetic field interacts with the turns
of wire in the second coil, it induces a voltage, following the principle of
electromagnetic induction.
● This induced voltage can be utilized to power electronic devices or charge
batteries, demonstrating the wireless transmission of power.
​ Observation:
 ● When the wireless power transmission system is activated, the observer
can witness the operation of the project. The key observation is the ability
to transfer power from one coil to another without any physical
connection.

In simple terms, the NPN transistor amplifies the battery voltage, creating high-intensity
pulses. These pulses induce an electromagnetic field in the first coil, and through
mutual induction, the second coil picks up this field, converting it back into voltage. The
wireless transmission of power occurs without any direct wired connection between the
coils, showcasing the principles of mutual induction and electromagnetic induction. The
result is a wireless power transfer that can be observed in the form of powering
electronic devices or charging batteries.

Lenz's Law:

When an emf is generated by a change in magnetic flux according to

Faraday's Law, the polarity of the induced emf is such that it produces a
current whose magnetic field opposes the change which produces it.
The field inside any loop of wire always acts to keep the magnetic flux in
the loop constant. In the examples below, if the B field is increasing, the
induced field acts in opposition to it. If it is decreasing, the induced field acts in
the direction of the applied field to try to keep it constant.

Results and Analysis:

During the experimentation, several key observations and measurements were
recorded. The voltage output across the second coil, induced by the changing
magnetic field from the first coil, was measured under various conditions. The
relationship between the distance separating the coils and the efficiency of power
transmission was also investigated.

The results indicate that as the distance between the coils increases, the
efficiency of power transmission decreases. This finding aligns with the expected
behavior based on the principles of mutual induction and electromagnetic field
strength decay with distance.

VII. Conclusion:
In conclusion, this project successfully demonstrated the wireless transmission of
power through the combined principles of mutual induction and transistor
amplification. The application of Lenz's Law in opposing the change in magnetic
flux was evident in the induced current's behavior. The results and analysis
further supported the project's objectives, showing the impact of distance on
power transmission efficiency.
This research opens avenues for refining and optimizing wireless power
transmission systems based on mutual induction and transistor amplification.
Future work may focus on improving efficiency, exploring different circuit
configurations, and extending the application of these principles to real-world
scenarios. Overall, this project contributes to the growing field of wireless energy
transfer and underscores the potential for practical implementations in various
technological applications.