LITERATURE Reviewer

PEOTRY

POETRY- majestic term of literature

POESIS - “to create” or “to make”
STRUCTURE - utilize few words and these are mainly arranged in lines and in stanzas
LANGUAGE - mainly expresses familiar feelings, emotions, conditions,
TONE, SOUND, RHYTHM - most likely similar to song writing, various elements that may contribute to the total effect
and impact of a total masterpiece
EMOTIONAL APPEAL - convey meanings in a mysterious way

ESSENTIAL COMPOSITES OF POETRY

SENSE - involves diction or known as the word choice
SOUND - offshoot of a variety of elements like tonal patterns, rhythm and measurements
STRUCTURE - pertains to the way how words and lines are organized

DIFFERENT POETIC FORMS:

DRAMATIC POETRY - a lyric work that exhibits dialogue and characterization
MONOLOGUE - a speech delivered by an individual in a dramatic performance
SOLILOQUY - used to develop the character of a speaker by providing information
COMEDY - characterized by its humorous or satirical tone
MORALITY PLAY - medieval allegorical drama which personifies abstract qualities
MYSTERY PLAY - popular medieval play based on Biblical stories
SHADOW PLAY - unique dramatic performance in which shadows cast from puppets are used to enact
TRAGEDY - play dealing with tragic events like death, suffering, hopelessness and pain
LYRIC POETRY - mainly discloses a poet’s feelings and emotions
SIMPLE LYRIC - includes pastorals that describe scenes and objects of nature
SONGS - emotional verses sung during special occasions
ODES - a lyric poem written in dignified tone
SONNETS - usually relating to love, a poet of 14 lines
ELEGY - a poem of serious reflection, death as its main theme
HAIKU - a traditional Japanese poem of seventeen syllables in three lines of five
NARRATIVE POETRY - a poem that is non-dramatic
EPICS - a long poem, typically one derived from ancient oral tradition
BALLADS - poem or song narrating a story in short stanzas
ROMANCES - tales dealing with heroes of chivalry like famous kings and knights

PHILIPPINE LITERATURE

ALIBATA - the old alphabet in the Philippines

VERSIFICATION:
OCTOSYLLABIC - legendary and religious poems
DODECASYLLABIC - romance

RIDDLE (BUGTONG) - made up of one or more measured lines with rhymes and may consist of 4 to 12 syllables

PURPOSE OF BUGTONG:

 TO ENTERTAIN
 TO EDUCATE
 TO TITILLATE
 TO CURSE WITHOUT EXPRESSLY CURSING
 TO PRESERVE THE CULTURE

SALAWIKAIN AND SAWIKAIN - short poems that have been customarily been used and serve as laws or rules
BULONG (CHANTS) - used in witchcraft or enchantments
KASABIHAN (SAYINGS) - used in teasing or to comment on a persons acutations
TANAGA - a quatrain with seven syllables each with the same rhyme at the end of each line
AMBAHAN - traditional poetry of the Hanunoo Mangyans of Oriental Mindor
MYTHS - derived from Philippine folk literature , which is the traditional oral literature of the Filipino people

MHYTICAL CREATURES:

 ASWANG
 DILA
 DIWATA
 DWENDE
 TIKBALANG
 MANKUKULAM

FOLK SONGS - a form of lyric which expresses the people’s hopes, aspirations, and lifestyle

FAMOUS AUTHORS

SPANISH WRITERS:
CECILIO APOSTOL - considered as the greatest Filipino epic poet writing in Spanish
FERNANDO MA. GUERRERO - known as the “Prince of Filipino lyric poets” in Spanish
JESUS BALMORI - well-known for his pen name of batikuling
MANUEL BERNABE - a lyric poet whose fierceness of nationalistic spirit
ADELINA GURREA - first woman poet in the Philippines who has good in Spanish

FILIPINO WRITERS:
LOPE K. SANTOS - a novelist, poet, author and grammarian, Father of National Language Grammar
JOSE CORAZON DE JESUS - popularly known as HUSENG BATUTE, also called as the Poet of Love
AMADO V. HERNANDEZ - called as Makata ng mga Manggagawa (Poet of the Laborers)
VALERIANO HERNANDEZ PENA - known as Tandang Anon and his pen name was Kuntil Butil
SEVERINO REYES - the father of the Tagalog Drama

THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT - movement was spearheaded mostly by the intellectual middle class
NOLI ME TANGERE - novel that gave spirit to the propaganda movement and paved the way to the revolution against
Spain
EL FELIBUSTERISMO - the sequel to the noli
DIARIONG TAGALOG - exposed the evils of the Spanish government in the Philippines
ANTONIO LUNA - pharmacist who was banished by the Spaniards to Spain
MARIANO PONCE - editor-in-chief, biographer, and researcher of the Propaganda movement

PEDRO PATERNO - a scholar, dramatic, researcher and novelist of the Propaganda Movement
JOSE MA. PANGANIBAN - hid his identity behind his penname JORMAPA
ANDRES BONIFACIO - father of Filipino Democracy
EMILIO JACINTO - intelligent assistant of Andres Bonifacio in the establishment of the katipunan
APOLINARIO MABINI - known as Brain in the Revolution
JOSE PALMA - became popular of his Himno Nacional Filipino (The Philippine National Anthem)