Department (Faculty) Faculty Of Education

Student Name ABDUL QUDOUS

Father’s Name ABDUL ROUF
Program B.ed Weekend 2nd semester
Student AG # 2019-ag-3217
Supervisor’s Name MAM SANIA YASEEN
Title of the Research Causes of low literacy rate in rural areas... in our city

Rationale:
Literacy is at the heart of the world development and human rights because it is
good for the individual, theeconomic well-being, society, political stability and for
community. The title of the study was measure of low literacy rate in rural areas.
Education and literacy both are related with the development of the country. It is a
good reason that countries having more literacy rate are more developed than the
countries having low literacy rate in the world because it is inter-dependent and
inter-connected with each other. It leads to life long learning and have a
considerable contribution for sustainable human/individual development.

Purpose of the study:

We have chosen this topic to analyze the problems of low literacy rate of rural
areas. We are to research on the core issues related to the low literacy rate. We
have not been able to uplift our literacy rate even after claiming to have education
on our national priority list. Our low literacy seems to be the root cause of all other
ills of the society that have risen to the scene in the last decade. One of them may
include intolerance and lack of awareness for human rights among the masses of
the nation. We shall study the root cause of the mother of the problems. Our basic
purpose will be to highlight the factors that are providing a recessive and resistive
force to the development of a sound education system which may be able to attract
more and more population towards education.

Objectives of the study:

  reliable estimate of literates through household survey among the population
of selected rural areas of Rahim yar khan
 to find out the gaps between reported literacy and measured literacy so that
to provide reliable literacy rates
 to recommend a criteria for reporting reliable literacy rate in the country in
the upcoming census in rural areas of Rahim yar khan

Significance of the study:

 The study were to identify the gaps between Reported literacy and Tested
literacy and to get a reliable estimate of literates through household survey.
 All household members 10 or above were asked that they can read and write
with understanding a short statement of daily life.
Delimitation of the study:
● Being a student we have a limited budget and we will be contained within it. We
may be limited to two to three cities. Because all the group members are residents
of Rahim yar khan and sadiqabad Time limitations can also occur because we are
student and we have to manage it within the range without disturbing the other
engagements and subjects.

Assumptions of the study:

Education is a basic right for every human and has now become a standard to
measure the social progress of nations. It is surely a key to the political, social and
economic development. In the recent history, it has become a prominent
phenomenon. The education policy is always on the top of national priorities
today. The recent flared situation of global intolerance is also believed to be linked
with literacy. Literacy rates have been proved with research to be linked with the
economic development of the country. The literate societies are more earning
today. They have greater social and political stability. So literacy is an important
aspect internationally. Pakistan faces a challenge of the low literacy as compared to
the developing countries.

Theoretical framework
 Gender
Poverty
Discrimination

Independent
Lack of Govt. Variables
Awareness Mismanagment
.

Research methodology
The research survey was descriptive in nature and following procedure was
adopted to complete this piece of research
i. Research Design

ii. Population
The population of the research study was comprised IN rural areas of District
Rahim yar khan Population age between 10-59 year group who have completed
fourth grade schooling but not elementary schooling were population of the study.
iii. Sampling and sample
As mentioned above that this study was based on district Rahim yar khan. It has
four Tehsils and each tehsil was further divided into two strata; rural and urban by
the researcher using stratified sampling method. So four villages from each city of
District Rahim yar khan were randomly selected. Eight houses from each

iv. Research instruments

.. We will go the public to collect their opinion. We will also leave questions on the
face book, twitter, hi5 and all other social network sites and also give them options
to answer. We will also have interview sessions with different entities. We will be
using different questionnaires and survey forms to record the opinions of people
related to education in different capacities.
  Questionnaire

(Personal Information)

Name __________________

 What is your gender?

____Male
____Female

 Age.
a. 18---28
b. 28---38
c. 38---48
d. Other (specify) __________

 What is your profession?

a) Teacher
b) Business man
c) Student
d) Other____________

 Please specify your years of education?

a) 12
b) 14
c) 16
d) Other (specify) __________

(Research Information)

 What is the main reason for Low Literacy Rate in Pakistan?

a) Poverty
b) Lack of awareness
 c) Gender Discrimination
d) Government Mismanagement

 Social causes affect the Literacy Rate.

a) 1% to 20%
b) 21% to 40%
c) 41% to 60%
d) 61% to 80%

 Economic causes influence on the Literacy Rate.

a) 1% to 20%
b) 21% to 40%
c) 41% to 60%
d) 61% to 80%

Analysis
The survey was conducted from variety of professions and people with different
income. The survey was limited to Rahim yar khan due to limitations of finance
and time. The multiple choice questions were drafted to test public opinion on
specific causes
Analysis of data
We critically analyzing our research came to a point that poverty, lack of
awareness, gender discrimination and Govt. mismanagement are the most
important reason for low literacy rate in Pakistan. These factors are clearly
economic and social issues. It is simple to state that there are core issues. They act
as hindrance factors in the way of improving the literacy figure.

The government is to be the ultimate authority in this regard. If we want a major

shift in this regard we need concrete efforts by the government on massive scale.
Awareness campaign should be needed in this regard and provision of free
education is the most important task related to it. However is we see this comes
under the fold of government responsibility. No other stake holder can be as
powerful as government and its effective policies. Either directly government can
eliminate the core reason or the effect of that core reason can be diluted.

References

 Sharif Imran, (2009), The Impact of Gender Inequality in Education on

Rural Poverty in Pakistan: An empirical Analysis; European Journal of
Economics, Finance and Administrative Science.
 Hasan Aly Javed (2007), Education in Pakistan, A White Paper; Document
to Debate And Finalize The National Education Policy. Ministry of
Education Pakistan.
 Ahmed Munir (2005), Pakistan; Where and who are the worlds illiterate?
Background Paper prepared for the education for All Global Monitoring
Report 2006. Literacy for All United Nations Education Scientific and
Cultural Organization.
 Qureshi Sabina (2003-2004), Pakistan: Education and Gender policy Girls
education.
A Lifeline to Development.
 UNESCO Islamabad (2010), Why Gender Equality in Basic Education in
Pakistan.
 www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan