ANIMAL-LIKE PROTOZOA

Friday, 17 April, 2020 11:02 AM

1. Amoeboids (Phylum Rhizopoda) 2. Forams (Phylum Foraminifera) 3. Actinopods (Phylum Actinopoda)

>Mostly are marine plankton organisms

>Moves by pushing out temporary >Marine organisms that secretes with long, filamentous cytoplasmic
cytoplasmic projections called chalky, many-chambered shells with projections called axopods that protrude
pseudopodia from the cell surface. pores through which cytoplasmic through pores in their shells.
>Pseudopodia are also used to capture projections can be extended. >Prey become entangled in these axopods

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and engulf food by phagocytosis >The cytoplasmic projections form a and engulfed outside the main body of

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>Reproduce asexually by binary fission. sticky, interconnected net entangles actinopods.

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>Example of amoeba is Entamoeba prey. >Most of actinopods e.g. Actinophrys have

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hystolitica, which caused human >provide food by photosynthesis. algal endosymbiont
dysentery (severe diarrhea with blood and >Most foram species live on the

o.
>During binary fission, the test usually
ulcers in intestinal wall) ocean floor, others are part of the
rs e plankton. e.g. Globigerina, a common
splits in half, and each daughter cell
ou urc
regenerates half; sometimes, however,
organism in plankton one daughter cell gets the whole parent
shell and the other grows a new one.
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4. Zooflagellates(Phylum Zoomastigina) 5. Ciliates (Phylum Ciliophora) 6. Apicomplexans (Phylum Apicomplexa)

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>Move by lashing flexible flagella (located >Cell surface covered with thousand >Lack of specific structures e.g. cilia, flagella
is

at anterior end). fine, short, hairlike cilia that extend or pseudopodia.

>Some engulf food by forming pseudopodia through pores in pellicle and permit >Possess an apical complex of microtubules
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like amoeba. movement. (only visible using SEM) that attaches the
>Heterotrophic. May be free-living or >Many have trichocysts, organelles parasite to its host cell.
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endosymbionts. e.g trichonymphs live in that discharge filaments to aid >At some stage in their life cycle, they
the guts of termites. trapping and holding prey. produce sporozoits (small infective agents
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>Some parasitic zooflagellates cause
disease e.g. Trypanosoma; causes African
sleeping sickness and transmitted by tsetse
flies.
>Ciliates have two kinds of nuclei;
one/many small, diploid micronuclei
that function in reproduction and
larger, polyploid macronucleus that
control cell metabolism and growth.
>Most ciliates are capable of a sexual
process called conjugation and also
reproduce asexually, by binary fission.
transmitted to the next host).
>Many apicomplexans spend part of their
life cycle in different host species.
>Plasmodium sporozoits enter human blood
through the bite of an infected female
Anopheles mosquito.

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