ENGINEERING

ENTERPENEURSHIP

PROJECT ASSIGNMENT

GROUP MEMBERS:
HAMZA SHAZAD
295-FET/BSEE/F17

WAJAHAT RASHEED
301-FET/BSEE/F17

MUHAMMAD ARSLAN HASHMI

318-FET/BSEE/F17

SUBMITTED TO:
SIR, HUMAYUN SHUJA
 “ LFI ” Technology
Introduction:
 Definition:
LiFi (light fidelity) is a bidirectional wireless system that transmits data via
LED or infrared light. It was first unveiled in 2011 and, unlike Wi-Fi, which
uses radio frequency, LiFi technology only needs a light source with a
chip to transmit an internet signal through light waves.
In technical terms, Li-Fi is a light communication system that is capable of
transmitting data at high speeds over the visible light, ultraviolet,
and infrared spectrums. In its present state, only LED lamps can be used for
the transmission of visible light.
This is an extraordinary advance over today's wireless networks. LiFi
multiplies the speed and bandwidth of Wi-Fi, 3G and 4G. The latter have
a limited capacity and become saturated when the number of users surfing
increases, causing them to crash, reducing speeds and even interrupting
the connection.
With LiFi, however, its band frequency of 200,000 GHz, versus the
maximum 5 GHz of the Wi-Fi, is 100 times faster and can transmit much
more information per second. A 2017 study by the University of Eindhoven
obtained a download rate of 42.8 Gbit/s with infrared light with a radius
of 2.5 meters, when the best Wi-Fi would barely reach 300 Mbit/s.

How does LiFi work?

LiFi is a Visible Light Communications system transmitting wireless internet
communications at very high speeds. The technology makes a LED light
bulb emit pulses of light that are undetectable to the human eye and within
those emitted pulses, data can travel to and from receivers. Then, the
receivers collect information and interpret the transmitted data. This is
conceptually similar to decoding Morse code but in a much faster rate –
millions times a second. LiFi transmission speeds can go over 100 Gbps, 14
times faster than WI Gig, also known as the world’s fastest Wi-Fi.
Whereas Wi-Fi technology effects data transfer on radio waves, LiFi takes
the next revolutionary step in wireless evolution and embeds and transfers
data in visible light beams, thereby allowing LiFi to take full advantage of the
vastly greater light spectrum bandwidth capacity that is provided by the light
spectrum.
How it works exactly
Data is captured in modulated light frequencies of a solid-sate LED light
source and is then transmitted and received by LiFi-enabled devices. A
photosensitive detector demodulates the light frequency signal and converts
it back into an electronic data stream and – in so doing – allows for faster-
than-ever, more secure, bi-directional wireless communication.

Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) vs. LiFi (Light Fidelity)

Advantages
Wi-Fi: More interference, cannot pass through seawater, works in less
dense regions
LiFi: Less interference, can pass through salty sea water, works in dense
region
Application
Wi-Fi: Used for internet browsing with the help of Wi-Fi hotspots
LiFi: Used in airlines, undersea explorations, operation theaters in the
hospitals, office and home premises for data transfer and internet browsing

Coverage distance
Wi-Fi: About 32 meters (WLAN 802.11b/11g), varies based on transmit
power and antenna type
LiFi: About 10 meters

Data density
Wi-Fi: Works in less dense environments due to interference related issues
LiFi: Works in high-density environments

Interference
Wi-Fi: Several sources of radio interference can disrupt the function of a Wi-
Fi network
LiFi: Does not have any interference issues similar to radio frequency
waves.

Operation
Wi-Fi: Wi-Fi transmits data using radio waves with the help of Wi-Fi router
LiFi: LiFi transmits data using light sources (presently LED bulbs)

Privacy
Wi-Fi: Wi-Fi is less secure because the signal cannot be blocked by walls
and most objects
LiFi: With LiFi, light is blocked by the walls and hence will provide more
secure data transfer
Industrial Analysis

Industry Trends
(Light Fidelity) Li-Fi Market size exceeded USD 70 million in 2019 and is
poised to grow at a CAGR of over 50% between 2020 and 2030. Rapidly
increasing smartphone penetration coupled with growing consumption of
data will drive the market growth.
Light fidelity does not interfere with radio signals and can provide secure,
reliable and high speed wireless communications. Li-Fi market share is
growing with the robust demand for microcontrollers across distinct end-use
applications.
Increasing utilization of connected devices in business establishments has
led to a growing demand for indoor distributed networks. Indoor wireless
connectivity through Li-Fi enables business users to make calls, send &
receive email, and access the internet at high speeds. The ability of Li-Fi to
transfer high volumes of data without any interference from existing radio
frequencies will augment the market demand.
The growing trend of implementing Li-Fi technology in applications such as
healthcare and security is providing a positive outlook for the market. It is
encouraging government authorities to invest in R&D initiatives to spur the
industry growth.

 
The outbreak of COVID-19 health crisis in January 2020 has led to a
slowdown in the growth of market, posing several industry challenges.
Disruptions in supply chain and restrictions on movement have impacted
international trade. This has caused a disturbance in manufacturing and
business operations of industry players, hampering the market revenue.
Moreover, increasing consumer inclination towards purchasing essential
commodities is expected to restrict the adoption of new technologies such
as Li-Fi, impacting the market size in 2020.

Li-Fi Market Report Coverage

Report Coverage Details
Base Year: 2019 Market Size in 2019: USD 70 million (2019)
Historical Data for: 2016 to 2019 Forecast Period: 2020 to 2030
Forecast Period 2020
to 2030 CAGR: 50% 2030 Value Projection: USD 8 Billion (2030)
Pages: 209 Tables, Charts & Figures: 206
Geographies covered U.S., Canada, UK, Germany, France, Italy, Russia, China, Japan, South
(16): Korea, India, Brazil, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, UAE, South Africa
Segments covered: Component, Application
 Growing demand for indoor networking in the commercial sector
 Increasing implementation of Li-Fi in healthcare and education
Growth Drivers:
sectors in Europe
 Rise in penetration of smart devices in Asia Pacific
 Construction of smart cities and commercial establishments in
MEA
 High initial cost of installation of Li-Fi systems
Pitfalls & Challenges:
 Lack of awareness related to benefits of Li-Fi

One of the major factors hampering the Li-Fi market growth is the high
implementation cost. The enhanced performance of these systems is
achieved through high-power LEDs, photodetectors, and microcontrollers.
The high cost of these components adds up to the overall cost of Li-Fi
systems, impacting their demand. Moreover, the complex architecture of
these systems requires the services from trained professionals for
installation and maintenance, thereby challenging the industry growth.
However, market players are focusing on reducing the production cost of Li-
Fi components to encourage its commercialization.

Growing adoption of LEDs in commercial and industrial sector

The LED component segment held a market share of around 45% in 2019
and is anticipated to reach USD 600 million by 2025. This growth can be
attributed to rising deployment of LEDs in commercial establishments and
industries. Several benefits of LEDs such as durability, low power
consumption, and high energy output are proliferating their demand in the
Li-Fi systems. These advantages are contributing to the wide adoption of
LEDs in the form of arrays for Li-Fi system infrastructure, supporting the
market growth.

The Li-Fi technology is anticipated to witness demand from automotive

industry to facilitate Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) communication in connected
cars. The ability of V2V communication to exchange data with other vehicles
aids in preventing potential crashes and congested traffic jams. V2V
communication enabled by Li-Fi technology will also assist autonomous
cars to distinguish between living and inanimate objects. This ability will
further enhance the decision-making capabilities in autonomous cars. The
growing integration of advanced technologies into modern vehicles will drive
the adoption of Li-Fi in the automotive sector.

Increasing demand in Europe due to implementation in

telecom sector

The Europe Li-Fi industry valuation crossed USD 30 million in 2019 where
UK held around 28% of the revenue share. The regional industry is
witnessing a high growth due to increasing number of internet users and
high data consumption in the region.

Description of Venture
What is Li-Fi and how does it work? Li-Fi is a new method of wireless
communication, which may replace or augment traditional wireless
technologies (e.g. Wi-Fi, 4G). Interest in Li-Fi took off after a 2011 TED talk
titled “Wireless data from every light bulb” and excitement in the technology
has been growing ever since [1]. The key difference between Li-Fi and Wi-Fi
is the method used to transmit signals. In Li-Fi, the signal is sent using
visible or infrared light, while in Wi-Fi the signal is sent using invisible radio
waves.
 To understand the advantages and disadvantages of Li-Fi, it is
instructive to look at a basic Li-Fi set up. The schematic to the right shows
how a laptop could connect to the internet via Li-Fi. The ceiling hub is
analogous to a Wi-Fi router and is connected to the internet. Connected to
the ceiling hub are a LED (to send signals) and a detector (to receive
signals). The desktop hub in the figure is like a Wi-Fi modem integrated into
a laptop and receives the Li-Fi signal and turns it into an internet connection
for the laptop. The desktop hub also has its own LED to send signals.
In this system, signals from the ceiling hub are sent downward by flickering
the LED on/off. LEDs can be turned on/off extremely fast, which enables
high data transfer speeds. Furthermore, because the LED flickers so
quickly, people in the room would just see normal steady illumination from
the ceiling LEDs. The detector in the desktop hub detects when the light
turns on/off and thus downloads information. In a way, the flickering light is
like extremely high speed Morse Code. For the laptop to upload data to the
internet, the LED in the desktop hub sends signals up to the detector on the
ceiling. The LED in the desktop hub is likely to transmit data with infrared
light (not visible to the human eye) so that the laptop user is not annoyed by
an upward shining light. Overall the basic components and power
requirements are similar to those needed for Wi-Fi
What are the potential applications? The applications for Li-Fi must take
advantage of the technology’s distinct advantages noted above. One cannot
simply use Li-Fi in place of Wi-Fi for any given application and expect a
boost in performance. Additionally, it may be the case that Li-Fi should not
displace Wi-Fi at all and is better suited to supplement Wi-Fi for high
bandwidth communication in areas with high traffic or in areas where Wi-Fi
does not work well due to interference. That said, we believe Li-Fi may find
applications in the following areas:
Indoor location tracking – If consumers have Li-Fi enabled devices and Li-
Fi LEDs are installed throughout a building, one could accurately track
where consumers are. The accuracy of the location tracking would be
determined by the density of LEDs installed in the buildings (more LEDs,
better accuracy). Additionally, Li-Fi could enable walking guides through
cities or museums and real-time location based advertising to consumers.
High density wireless internet – Li-Fi could be used in sports stadiums,
large conference rooms, or rooms/lobbies with large crowds. Since the data
density is high, the Li-Fi network would be able to supply bandwidth to many
users simultaneously
Replacement for RFID/NFC technology – These technologies utilize radio
waves to send and receive signals and are used to power things like Apple
Pay and remote building access. A similar system based on Li-Fi would
allow faster communication and could possibly be more secure from
eavesdroppers.

Who is working on Li-Fi? There are several companies working on Li-

Fi technologies, but there are few, in any, commercial products available for
purchase. pureLiFi is one of the better known Li-Fi focused startups having
raised >$20M in funding. It has a prototype product and aims to enable
ubiquitous, highspeed, secure data networks wherever there is LED
illumination. Other startups include OLEDcomm (France), VLN Comm
(USA), and Velamen (Estonia)

PRODUCTION PLAN
We are currently developing a learning factory to demonstrating concepts
related to Industry 4.0. The factory consists of modular and decentralized
controlled material handling resources, which can be arranged in any preferred
structure concepts and technologies are applied in logistics systems, such as:

 RFID for observing products along the complete production process.

 A material flow controller (MFC) to plan and control the material flows of
the learning factory. The MFC was implemented based on Microsoft Excel.
 A simulation model of the learning factory serves as a digital twin and
allows to pre-evaluate control strategies in the process of virtual
commissioning of the learning factory.
According to our current state of knowledge, we believe that LiFi (Light
Fidelity) meets our requirements. LiFi is a communication technology, which
 was firstly introduced in 2011 . LiFi uses light as a communication medium to
transmit data wirelessly between different devices. A LiFi module contains
transmitting LED (Light Emitting Diode) and receiving LED. By switching
currents to a LED on and off at a very high rate that a human eye cannot
notice, the LED sends data to the receiver.

LiFi Communication Concept for an Industry

Components Used in the Prototype Li-Fi System:

The key components are an
Arduino Uno board,
Wavelength specific LED
Photodiode
Besides the component responsible of generating and capturing the light signals,
additional hardware is needed to filter and interpret these signals. For example, a
suitable band pass filter can be used to filter out incoming signals with frequencies
other than those desired; an optical filter can be a good way to filter out light of
other wavelengths; a lens to focus incoming light can be suitable if the light
intensity is low. In the case of digital data transmissions, a digital signal processor
at both ends of the system is required to process incoming and outgoing data.
LiFi Transmission and LiFi Reception Algorithm
Here is the algorithms for the basic LiFi transmission and LiFi reception. In
transmission mode, the LED is connected to a digital pin to transmit the data as
byte sequence. In reception mode, the LED is connected to an analog pin to
receive the data from transmitter

The functions of the transmitter are the following

 Initially, the Arduino micro controller acquires the data from the RFID and
the proximity sensor. This data is framed in between start and end delimiter.
 The sync function sends the byte of data to the receiver to get the receiver
synchronization with the transmitter.
 The delimiter function identifies the start and end of the original data.
 The data function sends the original data to the receiver. The functions of the
receiver are the following:
 Initially, the receiver executes the get classifier function for recognizing the
logic level of binary one and zero.
 Then, it executes the sync clock function to get clock synchronization with
the transmitter.
  The receiver waits for the delimiter to identify the start of the message and
receives the message. It receives the end delimiter to know the end of
transmission

Byte Vector Format of the LiFi Protocol

We use the following byte vector format shown in figure 3 to send a sequence of
different information from any transmitter module to any receiver module. The
byte vector contains complete information of the data to be transmitted. It has
module IDs, data and error checking capability with cyclic redundancy check
(CRC) The sync byte has series of ones and zeros for synchronizing the transmitter
and receiver. The receiver has to adapt to the external light and classifies the
threshold value for a binary ‘1’and a binary ‘0’. Start and end delimiter are fixed
byte (0x7e) for recognizing the start and end of the data message. The binary
value of 0x7e is 01111110. The source ID is the transmitter ID and the destination
ID is the receiver ID. The receiver recognizes the data reception by using the start
delimiter. For recognizing the transmitter the receiver uses the source ID and for
decoding the received message, it uses the destination ID. The data field has
variable size, because if the transmitter wants to send the product information
using RFID, it requires 6 bytes to represent the RFID tag identification number
and 2 bytes for the control information of the actuators.

If the transmitter wants to send proximity sensor data, it requires only 2

bytes for data and two bytes for the control information for the actuators. When
the delimiter byte appears in the data field, the receiver depicts error
information. To avoid this problem, the transmitter module applies bit stuffing
and the receiver module applies bit destuffing.
 When continuous five binary ‘1’s appears in the data field, then one zero is
stuffed at the transmitter side. At the receiver side, after receiving five
continuous ones the receiver checks for the zero. If it is zero, it will be destuffed,
else it is recognized as delimiter.

Manchester Encoding and Decoding

The byte vector is ready to transmit over LiFi network. Now this byte vector is
transmitted using the On-Off Keying (OOK) technique which is a special case of
Binary Amplitude-Shift Keying (BPSK). In this technique high amplitude represents
‘On’ and low amplitude represents ‘Off’. In OOK ‘On’ is used to encode binary one
and ‘Off’ is used to encode binary zero [10]. In order to get self-synchronization
between transmitter and receiver, we use Manchester encode technique. This
provides clock recovery and self-synchronization by having one transition per one
bit time. We use IEEE 802.3 standard Manchester encoding [11] and decoding
scheme for transmitting data over LiFi network. At the transmitter side, binary 1 is
represented by ‘01’ and binary 0 represented by ‘10’. At receiver side,
Manchester encoded data is received and reverses the process to decode the
original data. The figure 5 illustrates the Manchester encoding technique

Implementation

The Laboratory contains different hardware modules like conveyor tables, turn
tables, pushers, sliders, high bay shelf and robotic arms.
Hardware Modules

The algorithm was designed in such a way that each module is self-controlled.
In the laboratory every module is assigned with a defined address. Therefore,
the communication between two adjacent modules can be achieved by the
address of the module. All modules are controlled by the Arduino
microcontroller.

LiFi Module
The LiFi module which contains LEDs as transmitter and receiver. Each
module contains four transmitters (TX) and four receivers (RX). The transmitter is
connected to the digital pin of the Arduino and the receiver is connected to the
analog pin of Arduino.

Transmitter Hardware Design

The task of transmitter is to convert digital data into visible light. An LED was a
suitable component because of its relatively linear relation between current and
light intensity [10] . The general idea is to modulate the light intensity of the LED
i.e., the intensity of the light corresponds to the symbol transmitted. The Arduino
ports are not capable of delivering the right amount of current to make the light
intensity strong and fast enough. To get around this problem a transistor is used
as a switch, which made it possible to switch a larger current faster. In Figure 6,
schematic is shown to give an overview of the transmitter. The PCB for
transmitter is designed using the following steps:
  ) The transmitter PCB design was done by converting the circuit’s schematic
diagram into a PCB layout. The software used for PCB layout is Cadsoft Eagle.
 2) After designing the PCB layout, the printout of circuit board is taken out on
glossy paper.
 3) Then the copper plate is cut for the circuit board. Also the top oxide layer
is rubbed away.
 4) After this, the PCB print is transferred onto the copper plate.
 5) Next the circuit from the paper is ironed onto the PCB plate.
 6) Next step is to etch the plate.

Receiver Hardware Design

The receiver converts the incoming light into current using a photodiode. For a
digital signal, the Arduino cannot receive a voltage above 5 V. Therefore, the
electrical circuit between the photodiode and the Arduino needs to process the
electrical signal so it can be interpreted correctly. The receiver’s electronics need
to convert the current to voltage in order to amplify and compare it. Distance
between the transmitter and the receiver can be varied, but in order to avoid too
small or too high signal, an automatic gain controller (AGC) can be designed,
instead a variable resistor is used here. This component amplifies or reduces the
input voltage to a selected output voltage. To make sure the signal is digital and
stable before the Arduino, an Op-Amp comparator is used here.
Control Strategy of a simple system structure

At the beginning, the user have to define a system structure by successively

adding resources. When a new factory resource is added to the system, the
resource will try to send its ID to an adjacent module. Each module stores the
adjacent module IDs based on the transceiver (TR) position. Therefore, it is
important that the user positions a new resource directly beside another
resource, which is already registered in the master module. The ID will then
cascade over a number of adjacent resources until it reaches the master. The
master can identify from an ID the resource’s type and position within the
system. After defining a structure, the user can add flow objects to the system.
In our factory, a flow object is a pallet with products and an RFID tag containing,
 for instance, information about the type of products, manufacturing plans
(sequence of processes, which must to be passed) and the destination resource.
Every pallet is equipped with an RFID tag, which contains the destination
resource ID among other things.

We want to explain our control strategy on an exemplary system with the

following properties:

 Initially, the user places a pallet on conveyor module 1 (source node).

 The RFID tag of the pallet contains conveyor module 2 as destination node.
 The conveyor belt of the turntable module is in line with conveyor module 1
and conveyor module 3.
 The turntable module has the IDs of adjacent modules with their position.

Now, the source node requests from the master the shortest path to the
destination node. The master process the request using Dijkstra’s shortest path
algorithm [1] and sends back the path with encoded information of the module
IDs' (1-5-2). The source node decodes the path information. It will compare the
path ID with adjacent module ID and identifies the turntable module as
upcoming node to send the pallet (as it is connected to the TR 3 of source node).
The source request now from the turntable module whether or not it is available
to receive the pallet. If the turntable sends a positive acknowledgement, the
source node passes the pallet to the turntable. This process will repeat until the
pallet reaches the destination node. In our example, the turntable would
identify conveyor module 2 as upcoming node, which is also the destination
node,.

Software
The software implementation of the project consists of the following separate
parts:
 Data packaging;
 Hardware control;
 Transmission synchronization;
 Transmission encoding and decoding;
  Error handling.

Whenever a user wants to send data to another user, the following steps will take
place by using JAVA codes:

 The application used by the user will notify the Operating System (OS) that it
wants to send data, what the data is, and where it should be sent.
 The kernel will take the data and hand it to the network module.
 The network module will buffer it and start transmitting it over the channel.
 The network module on the receiving computer will collect the packet from
the channel, and hand it to the kernel of the receiving computer.

Design Verification
Tests will be conducted to verify the design and see if the right properties will
achieved. These tests would mainly done using Java and MATLAB. The prototype is
calibrated by sending text as a test signal so as to adjust the proper resistance
values for amplification. The final design verification will done using the complete
system; transmitter, receiver and software,

OPERATIONAL PLAN

LiFi is going to target more industries as compared to Wi-Fi. This technology will
improve operations of the following industries at first.
LiFi is the future of Wi-Fi where data will be transmitted through lighting sources.
This lighting technology is going to change the dimensions of the internet as well
as the lighting industry. So, many areas will receive the wrath of this innovative
technology positively that it is hard to express.
Wi-Fi has already revamped the digital world and make people more familiar with
the internet. But, with the LiFi technology, this is going to increase one notch up as
LiFi is more powerful than Wi-Fi. LiFi is going to target more industries as
compared to Wi-Fi. This technology will improve operations of the following
industries at first.

Defense
LiFi is going to be a great tool for the military industry as they can benefit from it a
lot. Due to the privacy and security features of LiFi - the military can use it to send
confidential data without getting leaked. The average range of LiFi is going to be in
a tent, thus military can limit access to sensitive information under the specific
lighting source. This will be a great tool to establish anonymity.

Li-Fi in the Workplace

Li-Fi will not offer illumination but secure wireless connectivity in workspaces. As
well as the networking capability, people will be able to take a Skype video
conference call and move from one room to another without that conference call
being interrupted. Workers and visitors will have a constant internet speed
connection from the Li-Fi networks in the workspace. Through light, network
access can also be controlled more effectively. For example, the overhead lighting
in an office can provide access to the guest network, while desk lamps can provide
access to specific parts of a corporate system with access rights assigned on a
desk-by-desk basis.

Philips Lighting's LiFi-enabled LEDs are currently being trailing Li-Fi technology in
real-estate company Arcade’s office in La Defense, Paris.

Emmanuelle Baboulin, head of the company's commercial property investment

division said: "LiFi has the potential to be a real game-changer in offices. As the
leader in our market, we wanted to explore the possibilities of this technology for
existing and future clients." "We plan to showcase the technology in our smart
office in La Defense, so aside from stable connectivity, the light quality is crucial to
us," he added.

Communication
LiFi is going to revamp the communication sector as well by enabling the facility of
the underwater internet connection. As we all know that light can easily travel
through water, unlike Wi-Fi radio signals which won’t pass through water. This
technology will benefit underwater vehicles to establish communication with one
another.

Security Industry
The range of LiFi technology is shorter than the Wi-Fi which makes it a secure and
safe option to transfer data. With the shorter length, there will be less room for
malicious interception within the data stream. This will make the workflow of
industries much more efficient where a large amount of confidential data is
handled and transferred such as the healthcare industry.
LiFi is indeed going to improve the workflow of so many different business
industries. This revolutionary technology can truly create a secure, safe, and
private environment to transmit data at high speed. So, in short, all the leading
industries can benefit from LiFi in one or another way.

 The increasing growth in the use of LED lamps in buildings for lighting provides
enormous opportunities for Li-Fi-based applications. As Li-Fi combines the
functions of high-speed wireless data communication and indoor lighting
infrastructure, it is very cost-effective to be widely utilized in smart buildings.
Also, Charlottesville-based Li-Fi firm VLNComm has received backing from the US
Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation. It has also released
three Li-Fi products, such as a desk light, a USB stick, and an LED panel.
- Further, the market is witnessing partnerships with various facilities providers to
offer their solutions. For instance, UK-based Pure LiFi, in collaboration with
Edinburgh University, deployed its Li-Fi solutions at Kyle Academy secondary
school. The project was overseen by the Scottish Futures Trust, which supports the
Scottish government’s digital strategy.

MARKETING PLAN
LIFI Technology Marketing Plan
 Social
 Advertising
 Content Strategy
 SEO

Social
Define activities
 Share blog content?
 Create content?
 What kind of content?

Prioritize objectives
 Choose ideal platform.
 Create profile and brand visuals.
Establish governance
 Identify and understand target market interest and behaviors.
Automate posting
 Identify, purchase ideal tools for automated posting.
 Establish content calendar and content resume process. Automate posting
and sharing.

Measure I Refine
 Must have a process in place for reviewing activities, measuring progress.
Identifying issues etc.

Advertising
 Paid online ads?
 Retargeting links?
 Solely organic growth?
  Facebook and Instagram are most viable platforms for paid advertising.

SEO
 Formal strategy in place? Currently using YOAST on WordPress, focusing on
keywords.
 Link-building strategy? Outreach. Tap into a network or create more pages.
 Feature: New landing page. with revised copy.

Content Strategy
 Audit existing content. identify top 5 performing posts. Identify patterns to
replicate.
 Repurpose old blog posts as social media visuals
 (infographics. posts. Cover photos).
 Consider the value of creating and sharing videos. Feasible? Research
required.
 ORGANIZATIONAL PLAN

Wireless technology has reformed the current work environment. With the
advantages of Wi-Fi, it also has certain limitations as wireless technology has
notorious difficulty in making peace with its sworn enemy: the walls. However, it
seems that some of these gaps could be resolved with Li-Fi technology. Li-Fi
technology is a two-way, high-speed, wireless technology that uses the spectrum
of light to provide a user experience similar to that of traditional wireless systems.
The advantages of the Li-Fi technique are summarized below.

Workforce Development Planning

Workforce development is all about creating a diverse, high-performance
workforce made up of loyal and satisfied employees. High-performance
organizations do not develop by chance; rather, a competitive workforce is the
result of years of effective planning and successful plan implementation.

Setting goals to meet or exceed equal employment opportunity goals set by the
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, EEOC, is an example of workforce
development planning. Creating advanced training programs to develop more
informed and experienced managers is another example.
Product and Services Planning
The goal in product planning is to create a more appealing product or service mix
than your competitors'. Product planning is a function of the marketing, finance
and operations departments. The marketing department is responsible for
discovering what targets customers want and need. The operations department is
responsible for providing input on how best to design and manufacture products
or develop services; the accounting department provides guidance on how to keep
costs low and sets the ideal prices.

The product pyramid profit model is an example of a product planning strategy.

Under the product pyramid model, companies offer several different products in
the same category, each with a different level of quality and a different price point.
While the company may make slim-to-no profits on the low-end products, serving
all types of consumers in the market segment can help the company capture more
market share for its high-profit premium products or services

Expansion Plans
Good business owners and managers continually lay plans for the next stages of
growth in their companies. Growth plans identify opportunities and roadblocks to
success in the marketplace and set forth strategies to overcome hurdles and take
advantage of opportunities to gain market share from competitors.

Small businesses have a range of options available to keep their companies

growing. Marketing can be a major growth driver for new businesses without an
established reputation, for example. As another example, licensing can allow a
small company's products to reach national or international distribution quickly
through established distribution channels. Merging with other small companies or
seeking to be acquired by a larger company can boost a company's size and market
share quickly, as another example.

Financial Planning
Companies engage in financial planning activities the same as individuals and
households. Companies make plans to manage debt and utilize their profit in the
most productive manner. Savvy businesses never let cash sit idle; instead, they
always put free cash to use earning a return or investing in the company's future.
Business owners can draft their own financial plans or turn to experienced
professionals to maximize the value of financial holdings.

Making plans to spend allocated profit in the most productive way is an example
of financial planning in business. For example, a company may decide to spend all
of its profit on marketing activities to increase demand for their products, and
decide to use credit to purchase the extra inventory needed to meet the new
demand created by marketing spending. Investing in government bonds to earn
capital gains with otherwise idle cash is another example of financial planning in
business.

Energy efficiency

Li-Fi works based on visible light communication technology using LED bulbs. Many
indoor premises already have LED bulbs for lighting purposes; the same source of
light can be used as a means of communication to transmit data. It is possible to
adjust Li-Fi bulbs so that the light is barely visible to the human eye, when there is
no need for light.

Availability

The internet can be everywhere, wherever there is a light source. The transmission
of high-speed data could be available everywhere because LED bulbs can now be
almost found anywhere in the indoor premises.

Ease of deployment in existing infrastructure

With the addition of a relatively simple and inexpensive front-end components

running on the baseband, Li-Fi can be deployed in the existing lighting
infrastructure. Due to the symbiotic relationship with energy-saving LED bulb
lighting, Li-Fi transmitters are widely deployed.
CHALLENGES OF THE EXISTING CLOUD COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE

For real-time applications in cloud computing, design, implementation, and

operations present a number of challenges. In terms of real-time applications, and
the need to improve the services of a specific domain, data is dynamically analyzed
to obtain new information that can be used to provide services. In the traditional
cloud computing system, the time taken to analyze data in real time and make
decisions is usually very long and can greatly reduce the efficiency and benefits of
applications. The following challenges must be met in cloud computing in order to
design, implement, and deliver services for real-time applications.

Event transfer in real-time

Whether as filtered events or raw events, all current events must be transferred in
real time. All transferred events are also preprocessed before being transferred to
the main control unit. The traditional cloud is good if the amount of events
generated is not too huge. However, due to the rapid increase in demand for IoT
devices and the ever-increasing volume of IoT data, the current cloud architecture
is unable to provide services for real-time applications due to the limitations of
network resources, bandwidth, and high latency delay.

Integration with existing infrastructure

It is an essential characteristic to maximize the value of cloud services, and this

needs to be addressed. For many IT departments, this challenge already exists
within their organizations in the form of Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) and IT. In
addition, a well-integrated environment can provide better services compared to
the incremental gains resulting from the introduction of discrete cloud services
within an organization.
Design architecture overview

The proposed architecture is grouped into three different layers: public cloud,
private cloud, and infrastructure layers. The public cloud layer is traditional cloud
computing, which is used to provide long-term pattern recognition, massive data
analysis, large-scale event detection, and so on. Here, the local cloud node is
considered a private cloud in the private cloud layer that is deployed at the edge of
the network; and the infrastructure layer is the physical layer which consists of
data producers and consumers. In this model, we propose to use the Li-Fi
communication medium to communicate between IoT devices and local cloud
nodes. As the speed of Li-Fi is much faster than the RF communication medium,
the traditional cloud cannot provide the service at a high speed. Even though there
is a high-speed communication medium at the edge of the network, it will remain
useless until and unless our server provides high-speed services. To meet this
challenge, this paper introduces the concept of the local cloud in the model
architecture. Every organization will have its own local cloud, i.e. a private cloud,
to provide the necessary services, and the local cloud will be connected to the
public cloud via the internet. The architecture of the local cloud is discussed in
detail in the next subsection.
 RISK ASSESSMENT

A risk assessment enables an organization, or a group of organizations, to

identify risks, the severity of each risk, and to explore solutions to reduce the
impact of risks. Conducting a risk assessment will also give you the chance to
ensure that the benefits of the project merit the risk incurred.

Types of Risks
A professional business plan should include a discussion of business risks and
challenges. 

   Market Risks
Market may not grow as expected for a new product or service resulting in cash
crisis for a startup business.
The entrepreneur may be supplying the product or service to a single large
customer (B-B). The business of their customer is subject to economic
environment and an unfavorable climate will slow down, affecting the business.
E- Commerce businesses affected brick and mortar setup. Solution could be to join
the bandwagon.
 (Flipkart, an e-commerce business offering mobile phones exclusively on their
platform affected brick and mortar businesses) 

   Competition Risks
Low entry barriers will attract competitors in a growing market. The existing
players have to retain customers through superior service or have customer
loyalty program.
Fast food restaurants in the USA are facing competition from new entrant like
Subway whose USP is “Freshness and healthy food”
In automobiles all multinationals are present in India. In spite of this, (Maruti)
Suzuki has retained its market share of 50%. This was possible by having an
affordable entry-level car and a superior customer service.
Jagdish Kattar a former M.D   of Maruti Suzuki had said that service got them more
customers than sales effort. 

  Technology Risks
Internet has revolutionized the entire business processes.  A customer can
compare prices, quality, service etc.   of all the players sitting at home.
3 D printing is already changing the manufacturing paradigm. Costs will be lower
even if a single piece is manufactured, defying mass manufacturing logic.

    Regulatory Risks
The government can bring in new laws and cost of compliance may affect financial
viability of the business.

   Financial Risks
Cost of finance may go up or margins may drop due to excess supply or low cost
alternatives.

    Management Risks

The critical human resources leaving the organization may affect business. ‘How to
have golden lock’ on these resources could be a strategy.
Malpractices, theft and non-compliance of statutory requirements are a serious
threat.
 Human greed has resulted in downfall of many businesses.
The entire 2008 subprime crisis is a result of top management greed or decisions
based on short term gains.
 FINANCIALS
Income Statements:
Cashflow Statements
Balance Sheet

Payback Period
Break Even Analysis

Executive Summary
Li-Fi has great potential in wireless data transmission field. It offers tremendous
scope for future innovation and Research instead of it still in its incipient stages.
Every bulb Can be used as a Wi-Fi hotspot for transmitting wireless data If Li-Fi
technology put into practical use. This technique will Help to create the cleaner,
safer, greener and a resplendent Future. Additionally, it will allow internet
connection where Wi-Fi is banned in some places such as aircraft and Operation
theatres. However, one of the shortcomings is that It works in direct line of sight
only. Li-Fi is the future Technology of data transmission. Since it is easy to generate
Light waves, it is very advantageous and easily Implementable in various fields.
Hence the future application Can be extended to the various fields like Traffic.