IS410 Script => Slide1: Final outcomes/expected outcomes

Brexit negotiating was a complex, sometimes there were bitter negotiation, but they finally
agreed a deal on 24 December 2020. Therefore,…
- The UK officially left the EU on at the end of 31 January, 2020. This means that the UK
would no longer be an EU member state anymore, and the UK moreover stepped into a
transition process that would end on December 31, 2020, during this period, there was
nothing changed, and the UK still follow EU law until the end of the year.
- Before the end of the transition process, both the UK and EU, on the other hand, started an
intensive negotiation on the details of the withdrawal agreement, By this, the UK and the
EU have reached an agreement which known as Trade and Cooperation Agreement, in
addition, the other 27 EU member states have approved the agreement and provide
temporary support for implementation by the end of 31 January 2021. So, the result of the
negotiations is the agreement on the withdrawal of the UK and Northern Ireland from the
EU signed by the president of the European Council, the president of the European
Commission and the Prime Minister of the UK, Boris Johnson. This is one of the last steps
in the ratification process of the Withdrawal Agreement, which will be concluded by the
Council on 30 January, after the European Parliament's consent on 29 January 2020.
- The European Council finalized the final step toward the ratification of the withdrawal
agreement, therefore, the agreement between the two parties will be valid and come into
force on 1 January 2021 when the transition period ends. As the result, the European Court
of Justice will no longer play a role and the UK will no longer be required to follow EU
law because the agreement between the both parties is kind of international agreement.

Slide2: Three pillars of EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement

 The agreement between the two parties consist of three pillars: First, trade or free trade
agreement, it is a new economic and social partnership with the UK, since the UK is no
longer a member of the EU’s customs union or internal market. Instead, it has a free trade
agreement that allows for zero tariffs and quotas on products which are traded in
accordance with the appropriate origin regulations. As we can see that, in terms of the
economic partnership on the basic free trade agreement, will be very different compared to
the frictionless trade enabled by the EU’s Customs Union and Single Market. For example,
the agreement aims to ensures a number of rights of EU citizens and UK nationals. And it
is a concern for EU citizens working in the UK, travelling or moving to the UK, and they
must travel or move to the EU when the transition period end. In addition, freedom of
movement between both parties has finally ended, they lose the right to free movement of
persons and the right to provide services across the border. As the result, all travelers
between the United Kingdom and the EU must show their passports at the border. Second,
UK cooperates with the EU on law enforcement and criminal justice matters, despite the
fact that EU laws do not apply. However, it is referring to the establishment a new
framework for law enforcement and judicial cooperation in criminal matters, allowing for
strong cooperation between national police and judicial authorities, including extradition
arrangements, and the swift exchange of vital data. Lastly, governance, the agreement
created a Joint Partnership Council to ensure that the agreement is properly applied and
understood, which includes legal enforcement, dispute resolution, and retaliation
regulations if necessary.
 - However, the UK and EU will be under pressure because the EU still keeps on being the
world’s biggest market and the UK is one of the EU’s biggest net financial contributors.

Slide3: Policy Recommendation

- The UK and the EU should set out the core provisions of their Withdrawal Agreement to
allow their citizens to continue to live, work, do business or study through granting more
generous rights to both nationals. Because European citizens who have lived in the UK
must ensure that they have appropriate documents from the UK government permitting
them to stay. And it is become for EU citizens. The UK should have formed durable
alliances in Europe or with the EU to build strong relationships ahead of time during
negotiation and must build an effective engagement strategy to avoid disagreement in
double-edge diplomacy.

Conclusion

- To conclude, the Brexit negotiation is a main topic that UK and the EU were facing many
challenge in order to end it by UK officially left the EU. In challenges, it is complex and
complicated that creates disagreement in double-edge diplomacy, time-consuming, and
challenging in the usage of language. In terms of opportunities, both parties made
concessions to make agreement possible. There are many strategies that UK has used for
leaving the EU, but it can help step by step. After the transition period and the UK formally
lefe the EU, all EU law no longer be applicable to the UK through the provisions of treaties
which are binding after the entry into force of the withdrawal agreement between both
parties. Thus, the UK and the EU will be under pressure because both parties are going to
face economic and security issues.

For example, rules of origin will apply to goods in order to qualify for preferential trade terms
under the agreement like all imports into the EU, must meet all EU standards and will be subject
to regulatory checks and controls for safety, health and other public policy purposes.