BREXIT – THE

EXIT OF
BRITAIN FROM
EUROPEAN
UNION
AGENDA
BREXIT – AN OVERVIEW
HISTORY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND
EUROPEAN UNION
​
BREXIT – AN OVERVIEW 3

INTRODCUTION
BREXIT stands for Britain’s withdrawal from the European
Union. The United Kingdom opted to leave the European Union
in a closely fought referendum (Scotland and Northern Ireland
voted in favour of remain in Brexit referendum whereas
England and Wales voted for opting out, however, the overall
population (52%) favoured Brexit).

This was the second referendum on Britain’s relationship with

the Europe. In 1975, in a referendum on whether the UK should
stay or leave the European Community Area, the country voted
for staying in.
WHAT CAUSED BREXIT?

• Trade Benefits – UK feels that it can secure

better trade deals with emerging countries like
USA, India and China.

• Reasserting National Sovereignty – Those

favouring Brexit argue that Britain can now
recapture its lost position in international bodies
hitherto captured by European Union.

• Britain can now spend on scientific research and

new industries rather than sending €350 Millions
to Brussels every week.
WHAT CAUSED BREXIT?

• Leaving EU can help Britain in reforming its

immigration policies which currently is
expensive and ungovernable. Doing so will help
in contributing to Britain’s economy as it will
open doors to EU and non-EU immigrants.
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EUROPEAN UNION
It is a political and economic union of 27
member states that are located primarily in
Europe. Maastricht Treaty (or Treaty on
European Union) that entered into force in
1993 led to the creation of EU. It paved the way
for the creation of a single European currency,
Euro as well as European Central Bank. It
granted EU citizenship to every person with
citizenship of a member state The EU has
developed an internal single market through a
standardized system of laws that apply in all
member states, Within the Schengen Area,
passport controls have been abolished. Although
the United Kingdom became in 2020 the only
member state to leave the EU, several further
countries are aspiring or negotiating to join it..
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HOW DID IT HAPPEN?

• The government of the United Kingdom triggering Article 50 of the Lisbon treaty to begin the UK’s
withdrawal from the EU in March 2017 following a referendum, and the withdrawal was scheduled in law to
occur on 29 March, 2019. Subsequently, the UK sought, and was granted, a further Article 50 extension until
January 31, 2020 on account of British Parliament rejection of withdrawal agreement prepared by the then
Prime Minister Theresa May which led to the fear that UK is on a path towards a no deal Brexit (also called as
Hard Brexit). In the event of No Deal BREXIT, the UK would sever all ties with the EU with immediate
effect, with no transition period and no guarantee on citizens’ rights of residence. The UK government fears
that this would cause significant disruption to the businesses in the short term.
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THE WITHDRAWAL AGREEMENT

• It is a legally binding text that sets out the terms of UK’s departure.
• People will be able to work and study where they currently live, and to be joined by family members.
• It covers how much money the UK owes the EU – an estimated 39 billion euros (called the Divorce Bill), and what
happens to the UK citizens living elsewhere in the EU and EU citizens living in the UK.
• It also proposes a method of avoiding the return of a physical Northern Ireland border ( IRISH backstop clause in
the BREXIT deal) in the light of a frictionless border that was a key part in the 1998 Good Friday agreement
between London and Dublin to end the 30 years of violence in Northern Ireland.
• A clause of transition period: It refers to a period of time after BREXIT until December 31, 2020 to get everything
in place and allow businesses and others tro prepare for the moment when the new post- BREXIT rules between
the UK and the EU begin.
• A statement on future relations: This is not legally binding and sketches out the kind of long term relationship the
UK and the EU want to have in the range of areas , including trade, defence and security.
• On 23 January, 2020, the ‘Withdrawal Agreement’ was ratified by the parliament of the United Kingdom, and on
29 January, 2020 by the European Parliament, affirming that there will be an agreement in place if the UK leaves
the EU. The UK left the EU on the 31 January 2020 at 23:00 GMT.
THANK YOU
GUNJAN MISHRA

ENROLLMENT NUMBER – A8121521030

SUBJECT – SCANNING OF BUSINESS
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