2017 - The Episteme Journal of Linguistics and Literature Vol 3 No 3 - 4.tiara Debora Analys of Batak Song

Code Mixing Found in Batak Song Lyrics
of Siantar Rap Foundation
Tiara Pasaribu , Pardede, Debora

deborapardede@gmail
Abstract
This research deals with the types of code mixing in Batak song lyrics of Siantar Rap Foundation. The
objective of the study are to identify types of code mixing used in Batak song lyrics of Siantar Rap Foundation, to
find out types of code mixing is dominantly used in Batak song lyrics of Siantar Rap Foundation and to describe
types of code mixing used in Batak song lyrics of Siantar Rap Foundation.The research is conducted by
descriptive quantitative method. The findings show that all the types of code mixing accured in Batak song lyrics
of Siantar Rap Foundation, they are : insertion 19 (34%), alternation 33 (54%) and congruent lexicalization 4
(7%). The most dominantly types of code mixing are alternation lyrics. It means that the rapper in her lyrics of 3
albums based on what they assume are true and tells about her feeling, condition and what they are thinking of, so
the Batak song lyrics are mostly used to describe, assert, conclude, claim and suggest. It is hoped that the result of
this study is useful to everyone who wants to study about code mixing.
Key words : Sociolinguistics, Code Mixing, In Batak Song Lyrics of Siantar Rap Foundation
1.The Background of the Study
Linguistics is the science of language, including the sounds or signs, words and grammar
rules. Linguistics the scientific study of language and its structure including the study of
morphology, syntax, phonetic and semantics. Specific branches of linguistics include
sociolinguistics, dialectology, psycholinguistics, computational linguistics, historical-comparative
linguistics, applied linguistics and involves an analysis of language form, language meaning and
language in context. There are many people who are interested in study in linguistics and it
produced many branches of linguistics. Such as : sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, semantics,
semiotics, pragmatics.
Sociolinguistics is the study of all aspect of linguistics applied towards the connections
between language and society; and the way use it in different language situations. Sociolinguistics
is concerned with the relationship between language and context in which it is used (Holmes,
2000:1).Examining the way people use the language in different social contexts provides a wealth
information about the way language works, as well as about the social relationship in a community
and the way people signal of their social identify through the language. Field of the study of
sociolinguistics : Language varieties, social variables affecting language (ethnicity, religion,
status, gender, level of education, age), rules creation for social or socioeconomic classes, dialects
(usage of language from place to place), grammar, phonetics and vocabulary of language
variations among special classes (sociolect), bilingualism and multilingualism, slang, style of
language, language change, politeness, language maintenance.
In a bilingualism or multilingualism community people will be forced to be able to speak in at
least two different languages. In some areas, there will be a society in one certain community want
to have relationship with others with different language. This case will cause the change of one
language to another which in turn can cause someone know more than one language beside his/her
mother tongue. The ability to speak two language is called bilingualism and the ability to use more
than two language is called multilingualism. In bilingual and multilingual societies, people may
produce certain codes.
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The Episteme Vol 3 no 3 May 2017 Journal of Linguistics and Literature – Faculty of Language and Arts –
Nommensen HKBP University
A code is a system that is used by people to communicate with each other. Code is a term for
any variety of language. There are two kinds of code namely code mixing and code switching.
code switching and code mixing is different(Jendra, 2010:10). If utterance is switched from one
language to another language supporting by a distinctive function, it is called as code switching.
Conversely, if an utterance either phrase or clause consists of a clause or phrase does not support a
distinctive function it is called code mixing.
Code mixing has three types which are found in bilingual speech communities. They are
insertation, alternation and congruent lexicalization(Muysken, 2000:7). In insertation types, the
lexical item or constituent from one language takes place of a comparable item in the other
language; but it is inserted into the structure of the other language. In alternation pattern, both
language can occur alternately with their structure. Congruent lexicalization concern with mixes
where lexical material from their occurs in a shared grammatical structure. According to writer
code mixing is ixing of two or more language in a sentence consisting of multiple language within
a sentence or conversation in our daily life.
The writer is interested in discussing about the Batak songs. Because nowadays, where the era
is more sophisticated and the kind of the music that is diverse. So, the young generation should
develop and introduce the Batak songs to the other countries, so that it will not dissapear. And
According to the writer, it is important to know more and study that.
Based on the statement above, the writer to interestCode Mixing Found in Batak SongLyrics
of Siantar Rap Foundation.
Based on the problems, the objectives are : to identify types of the code mixing used in Batak
songs lyrics ., to find out types of code mixing which is dominantlyused in Batak songs lyrics, to
describe types of code mixing used in Batak song lyrics, as found in the song of Siantar rap
foundation.The writer focused her study on the use of code mixing in Batak songs lyrics of Siantar
rap foundation from Youtube.
There are 3 albums :
1. The album Batak Ethnic Swag (4 songs)
2. The album Tobanese (4 songs)
3. The album Sada Dua Tolu (4 songs)
The scope of the study limited in analyzing of code mixing Bataknese in Batak songs lyrics of
Siantar rap foundation in form Insertion, Alternationand Congruent Lexicalization (Dialect).
The classification of the types of Code Mixing based on Pieter Muysken (2000:1).
The significances of this study :
1. Theoretically, the findings of the study can enrich theories of sociolinguistics related to the
use of code mixing give more information about code mixing found in Batak song lyrics of
Siantar rap foundation, can be useful for further studies practically, the findings will give
more informationabout code mixing in Batak song lyrics of Siantar rap foundation.
2. Practically, the writer will be useful for : English department students, this research result is
expected can help the student to learn more about communication, especially in using code
mixing based on appropriate situational context, or reader, this writer will give more
information about code mixing in Batak songs lyrics of Siantar rap foundation, people who
are interested in studying code mixing, this writer result can be used as guidance for learning
about code mixing especially when the code mixing is used in songster purposes.
Sociolinguistics
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Sociolinguistics is the study of the language function in a social context and the development
of language in society. It is aimed in explaining why people speak differently in sosial contexts
and it also concerned with identifying the social function of language and the ways it is used to
convey social meaning (Holmes, 2001:1).
Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society (Wardaugh, 2002:12). He also

adds that sociolinguistics is when people learn about the society, the culture and language.
Because its influences the forming of a language. The way of someone to speak out has a big
relationship with his culture and also his environment.
Related to the explanation, sociolinguistics is the study of the development and the level of
use of language in a society in which there is a discussion about bilingual and multilingual
discussion of incorporation language in accordance with the rules and are not in accordance with
the rules but is used by community and accepted by society well studied in the code switching
and code mixing.
Bilingualism
A speech community that has a relationship with another community, it will pass language
contact. Bilingualism is defined as the use of two languages either by an individual or by a group
of speakers, such as the habitual of a particular region or nation (Siregar,2002:9).
The phenomenon of people having more than one code (language) is called bilingualism and
multilingualism (Wardaugh, 2006:101). This phenomenon also happens in Indonesia. Most
Indonesian people can speak more than one language. They also can speak Indonesian language.
So, if they speak with other person, they can choose language in another situation.
In sociolinguistics, bilingualism is using two different languages. Now a lot of people around
the world speak more than one language. It has been estimated that half of the world is
bilingualism. In many cases, people also speak three language,their native language, second
language and sometimes with one or more foreign languages, especially in big cities. In addition
if the language, belong to the society.
Code
In everyday interaction, people usually choose different codes in different situation. When
people want to talk each other they have to choose a particular code to express their feeling. It is
symbol of nationalism that is used by people to speak or communicate in a particular language, or
dialect, or register, or accent, or style on different occasion and for different perpose of
communication.
A code is a symbol of nationalism that is used by peole to speak or communicate in a

particular language or dialect or register or accent or style on different occasion and for different
purposes (Stockwell, 2002:-9).
In Sociolinguistics, Code refer to a language or a is a variety language. It is a set of

linguistics form used specific social circumstance, i.e with distinctive social distribution. The
term code can not be separated from two phenomenal terms namely code mixing and code
switching.
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Code-switching is a situation where the speakers deliberately change a code being used, by
switching from one to another. Among several definitions of Code-Switching, the following
definitions should give clarity needed to understand the concept and Code Mixing is the change
of one language to another within the same utterance or in the same oral written to understand the
context. The same of code switching and code mixing is that they commonly occur in a
multilingualism society in using two language or more.
From those opinions of the code given by many linguistics above the code is a form of the
language variation that is used by a society to make communication with other people.
Code Switching
Code switching is a changing from one language or dialect to another language or dialect in
conversation. Code switching and other related language use phenomenon occur in all linguistics
situations, monolingual and bilingual situation.
A code switching is a convesational strategy used to establish, cross or destroy group

boundaries; to create; to evoke or change interpersonal relations with their rights and
obligationaccording to Wardaugh (1986:100). Code switching happens when there is a situation
where speaker deliberately change a code being used.
While code switching, speakers change the language used to code the others (including
diversity) for consideration (1) the other person, (2) speakers themselves, (3) the presence of
three speaker (e.g, between Javanese keep coming third of Sumatra, they transfer the code to
Indonesian language), (4) create a sense of humor, (5) increase the prestige. The code switching
occurs between the language used is an autonomous individual, a conscious and deliberate
specific causes.
Types of Code Switching
The grammatical classification result in three types of code switching (Jendra, 2010:75-77),
namely:
1) Tag code switching

A tag code switching happens when a bilingual inserts short expression (tag) from
different language at the end of his/her utterances.
Example : it is okay, no problem, ya nggak ?
(an indonesian bilingual switches from English to Indonesian)
2) Inter sentential code switching
An inter sensential code switching happens when there is a complete sentence in a
foreign language uttered between in a base language.
Example : Ini lagu lama, tahun 60an. It is oldies but goodies, they say. Tapi masih enak kok
didengerin.
(an Indonesian bilingual switches from Indonesian to English)
3) Intra sentential code switching
An intra sentential code switching is found when a word a phrase, or a clause, of a
foreign language is found within the sentence in a base language.
Example : Mudah-mudahan juga kalo dibilang cantik nggak cuma physically semoga hatinya
juga.
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Code Mixing
Code mixing is the mixing of a word or phrase from a language into another language in
a bilingualism or multilingualism. Code mixing refers to all case where lexical items and
grammatical features from two languages appear in one sentence (Muysken, 2000:1). there
are three main types of code mixing: insertion, alternation and lexicalization.
Code mixing is the use of two languages or more, language varieties in relaes situations
between the speaker and other people who have a close relationship to each other (Nababan,
1993:32).
Code mixing is the change of one language to another within the same utterance or in the
same oral written. It is common phenomenon in societies in which two or more languages are
used studies of code mixing enchance our understanding of the nature, process and constraint
of language and the relationship between language use and individual values, communicative
strategies, language attitudes and function within particular socio-cultural contexts.
Code mixing happens when two people speak in one situation by using one language, but
in the middle of the sentence they often use other language. For example, there are two people
speak in one situation by using Batak language, but in the middle of the sentence they
sometimes use Indonesian words in the sentence, not all of sentence.
Types of Code Mixing
The realization of code mixing can be in form of code mixing is typically divided into
three types (Muysken, 2000:1), namely :
1) Insertion
In this type, the lexical or constituent from one language takes place of a comparable
item in the other language; but it is inserted into the structure of the other language.
Example : Tergantung leader, terus juga tergantung situation.
(Indonesian -English ).
Insertion tends to be :
1. Content words rather than function words
Contents words carry lexical meaning in themselves, such as beautiful,
slowly. The content words are those traditionally nouns, personal pronouns, verbs,
adjectives and adverb.
Example : kamu gak usah deh, terlalu possesive banget sama pacar kamu,slow aja
kali ! (Indonesian-English).
2. Nested
Nested is the fragment preceding te insertion and the fragment following are
grammatical related.
Example : Anda sebaiknya menggunakan safety belf supaya membuat anda lebih
nyaman.
3. Selected elements
Selected elements are object or complement rather than adjuncts.
Example : Iya sih, hari ini aku sibuk cari partner buat usaha. (partner as an object).
4. Single constituents
A constituent is letter groups of sentences. In some cases, a single
constituent in inserted while in other cases prepositional phrases inserted. There is
considerable variation in what can be inserted; in some languages, this consists
mostly of adverbial phrase in order mostly single nouns.
Example :
A : ngapain kamu disini
B : pesawatnya perlu di run up dan landing gear
2) Alternation
In alternation pattern, both language occur alternately each with their structure.
Example of alternation (English-Indonesian) : You mean, ganti ke kata laen. (You mean,
change it to another word).
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There are some of characterizing alternation pattern, they are :
1. Several consituent : it means the mixing consist of some group of words.
Example : bagi anda si pemuja penampilan, bad hair day bisa membuat anda uring-
uringan.
2. Doubling : repetition of code mixing structure in bot languages in mixed clause.
Doubling applies where the semantic value of the mix is the same as that of another
morpheme in the original language.
Example : assumption is what we think or pandangan kita akan suatu masalah.
3. Self correction : it means mixing that involves repetition of similar material in the
other language.
Example : ini dia lagu pilihan saya and check it out.
3) Congruent lexicalization
Congruent lexicalization is see to more likely when two language are typologically
similar, when the word order of the sentence is same.
Example of Congruent Lexicalization (Indonesian-English) :
A : Software gua buat convert file mav jadi mp3 gua udah expired.
(My software for converting mav files to mp3 has expired).
The congruent lexicalization characteristized by :
1. Content words and function words : contents words carry meaning in themselves
such as beautiful, slowly. The content words are those traditional labeled nouns,
personal pronouns, verbs,, adjunct and adverb.
Example : a, and, the, but, what
Dia memang anak orang kaya and cantik but hatinya tidak seperti wajahnya.
2. Homophonous Dimorphs : is pairs of words which are phonetically similar in both
varieties.
Example : I will not scream for ice cream
3. Linear Equivalence : receives a positive value where there is word order
equivalence between the two languages on either side of the switch.
Example: (Indonesian-English)
Vicky Shu disini reminds me of Dolly Parton versi brunette !
(Here, Vicky Zhu reminds me of Dolly Parton in brunette version
4. Mixed collocation : in mixed collection two elements of an idiomatic collocation
from one of the languages are from different languages.
Example :
Maka mulailah genk Fellowship of the Ring melakukan perjalanan antara hidup
dan mati dengan Frodo yangh bulak-balik kesandung akar pohon.
Types of code mixing can be divided into two types (Suwito, 1985:76), namely :
1) Outer code mixing is occurs because of elements insertion stemming from foreign
language (Campur kode keluar adalah campur kode yang berasal dari bahasa asing
atau dapat dijelaskan bahasa asli yang bercampur dengan bahasa asing).
Example : Saya sedang tidak bisa berpikir, otakku blank. (the speaker mixes English
language with Indonesian language)
2) Inner code mixing happens because elements insertion from original language with all its
variation (Campur kode ke dalam adalah campur kode yang bersumber dari bahasa asli
dengan segala variasinya..
Example : Setelah ku lihat ternyata ito itu cantik.
The writer uses types of code mixing based on Pieter Muysken (2000:1) theory to
analyzes the data.
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The Reason For Using Code Mixing
There are some factors, that cause people do code mixing (Kim , 2006:43), they are :
1. Bilingualism : it cannot be avoided that the ability to use to speak more than one
language is a basic factors of code mixing. Most of the world`s population is bilingual or
multilingual.
2. Speaker and partner speaking : communication is the process of expressing ideas
between two participants of conversation. Speakers needs partner speaking to
communicate and code mixing could appear if both use and understand it well.
3. Social Community : an individual lives and cooperates in one community either in
monolingual or bilingual community. Now most communities are bilingual that use two
languages in their interactions. In this case, an individual will be influenced by social
community directly.
4. Situation : usually code mixing occurs in relax or informal situation. This situation is
closer with daily conversation and for writers is also describe as their habitual
communication.
5. Vocabulary : there is not appropriate word or when there is a lack of vocabulary in one
language. The inability to find an appropriate word or expression in one language makes
people change the word or phrases from one to another and it can be combined together.
6. Prestige : globalization era has lad people must able to speak more than one language,
especially english. For many young people code mixing becomes awn style which is
hoped to be modern and educational one. The people mix language because prestige.
The Differences Between Code Mixing and Code Switching

Code switching and code mixing are well-known traits in the speech pattern of the average
bilingual in any human society. Both occur in bilingual communication by using more than one
language. In sociolinguistics study, code switching and code mixing are often discussed
inseparably although those are hard to differentiate.
The differences of code mixing and code switching divided into two (Chaer & Agustine
(1995:141). First, in code mixing bilingual speakers seem to apply some word phrase from
foreign language (code) function as the base language. Second, bilingual speakers are said to mix
codes when three is no topic that changes or does the situation.
A different view proposed to separate the two said that if it involves changing into a foreign
clause or a sentence, it should be defined as a code switching but if it involves the use of foreign
phrases or group of words it is identified as a code mixing.
Another view about how to define between code mixing and code switching is related to the
formality of the situation, in code mixing is said to be found in the less formal situation, while in
code switching is possibly done in a formal one.
Batak Song
Song is a composition for voice, performed by singing, however in colloquial English song
may refer to any piece of music. A song may be accompanied by musical instrument, or it may be
unaccompanied as in the case of a capella songs. The lyrics (words) of songs are typically of a
poetic, rhyming nature, although they may be religious verses or free prose.
Siantar Rap Foundation

Siantar Rap Foundation or SRF is a group rap from the Pematang Siantar city. SRF was
formed on August 16, 2013. Siantar Rap Foundation which consists of 4 talented rapper, namely:
1. Alfred Klinton Manurung known as Alfred Phobia
2. Diknal Sitorus or known by D.I.C
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3. Alfred Reynaldo Sitanggang known as Alfred Rey
4. Peter Simarmata or known by P.N.Si
Theoretical Framework
Based on the above explanation the writer analyzed the type of code mixing used in
the study and what form is code mixing used in Batak song lyrics of Siantar rap foundation,
to find out types of code mixing is dominantly used in Batak songs lyrics of Siantar rap
foundation and to describe types of code mixing used in Batak song lyrics of Siantar rap
foundation.
As for the main types of code mixing based on Pieter Muysken (2000:1). While for
its own object, the writer used in Batak song lyrics of Siantar rap foundation, which have
been analyzed on the types of code mixing based on the data.
page 8
Conceptual Framework
Sociolinguistics
Bilingualism
Code
Code Switching Code Mixing
Types of Code Switching Types of Code Mixing
According to David (2008:75): According to Pieter

Muysken (2000:1) :
1. Tag Code Switching
2. Inter Sentential Code 1. Insertion
Switching 2. Alternation
3. Intra Sentential Code 3. Congruent
Switching Lexicalization
According to Suwito
(1985:76) :
1. Inner Code
The reason for using code mixing Mixing
According Kim (2006:43) : 2. Outer Code
1. Bilingualism Mixing
2. Speaker and partner
speaking
3. Social Community
4. Situation
5. Vocabulary
6. Prestige
The writer uses Pieter Muysken (2000:1) theory to analyzes the data, where the types of Code
Mixing as follow.
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2.The Research Method
The research will be conducted by using descriptive qualitative design. Descriptive qualitative
research is effort to understand situation and it is used to describe the data (Mirriam, 1986:6).
Qualitative research is based on subjective, interprective and contextual data.
Related to the statement above, this study description of code mixing that occurs when the lyrics
of Siantar Rap Foundation Batak Songs, by using decriptive qualitative method. It is obtained to find
out the types of code mixing in the form of insertion, alternation and congruent lexicalization (dialect)
based on Pieter Muysken`s theory.
The data has been analyzed by using these following steps :

1. Identifying and Underlying the code mixing from the written data.
2. Classifying the code mixing into their types.
3. Counting the total types of code mixing that found in the 12 song lyrics.
4. Finding out of dominant the types of code mixing found in the Batak songs lyrics of
siantar rap foundation.
3.The Data
The data of this study are the lyrics of song, which had been selected from Youtube, the album of
Siantar rap foundation.
There are 12 songs in this album as the data to be analyzed, such as: (1) Taradigadindang, (2)
Sinanggar Tullo, (3) Siantar City Swagga, (4) Holan Ho do ft.Pitta Rose, (5) Dalihan Na Tolu, (6)
Rege-rege ft.Pitta Rose, (7) Ingot Do Au, (8) Hapogosonta ft.Pitta Rose, (9) Sapele-sapele, (10)
Latteung, (11) Gabe Sega, (12) Mulak Maho.
The data of “Code mixing found in Batak song lyrics of Siantar rap foundation” and here in the
tables.
Table 4.1The Data of Code Mixing in Batak Song Lyrics
No Source From The Entitle Songs Lines Of Code Mixing
1 Targadingdang 1. Godang hatani halak kasar do halak kita

Most of people said that Bataknese is rough
2. Ala molo di tanda bah sude do keluarga

We become a family if we know each other
3. Ku cinta batak i sada cinta nauli

I love Bataknese because love is beautiful
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4. Emmatutu gondang toba suling bambu
Bambo flute music of Toba
5. Batak gabe pedoman idokni halak kita

Batak will be a leader as the Bataknese said
6. Sai ingot natorasta i zaman ni ngolutta

Always think about our parents in this new era
7. Halak batak siapa tidak mengenalnya

Batak people, who does not know them
8. Mudar batak sejak dulu dari sananya junjung

batak
Batak clan,originally is a precious
9. Logat kasar sudah biasa, aima

Coarse accent is normal
10. Segan tu senior jala hormat tu natorasna

Reluctant to senior and respect for parents
11. Sopan santun i jaga rap adat do i pasada

Keep the politeness in their life
12. Partuturan i jaga rap adat do i pasada

Keep the politenes in their life
No Source From The Entitle Songs Lines Of Code Mixing
2 Sinanggar Tullo 1. Tolong ma jolo tulang unang ma marpillit-

pillit
Please uncle, dont you different love
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2. I paima sian facebook, di hubungi sedang
sibuk
Awaited on facebook, contacted were busy
3. Ai tor iboan ma senjata laras panjang

Immediately brought long arms barrel
4. Sai marrikkat sappe siang

Want to run until afternoon
5. Tolong tulang paloas

Please uncle,let me to tell you
6. Hu jakkit pagarmi tor ro do biang mi

I climbed your gate but the dog came to me
No Source From The Entitle Songs Lines of Code Mixing
3 Siantar City Swagga 1. Tidak ada ketinggalan kelas tanpa

perbedaan, berengkon ma jo asa dibotomu
There was no discrimination as you know
2. Haters, mengganggu naikkan tawaku

Haters, who were jealous when I laughed
3. Ku jalani Siantar ini bersama brother

D.I.C
I started to live in Siantar with the brother
D.I.C
4. Tetap respect, olo ma swag mata melek
gua tetap say hay
Still respect, so swag be awake but I still
say hay
5. This is my swag malah this swag
This is my swag so this swag
6. Yang penting so sweet
The important thing is so sweet
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7. Atas sampai bawah harus terlihat
matching
Up and down should be looked match
8. Badan gua penuh blink-blink

My body full of blink-blink
4 Holan Ho Do 1. Cintaki holan diho

My love is only you
2. Holan ho holan ho do cinta ki
Only you only you is my love
5 Dalihan Na Tolu 1. Tulang, boru sahat dongan tubu hargai

mereka
Uncle and also the girl`s family members
clan
2. Somba dan juga tutu itu jadi dasar

pondasi mendatar
Worship and also have to be a basic think
3. Moral berisi dongani dengan dukungan

The moral that contains the advise and
support
4. Na jonok marsiogosan jauh dekat

bergesekan
When we are closer abuse each other even
we`re far away
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6 Rege-rege 1. Urat ni hotang urat ni nankka di

batak ini kami bangga
Root rattan, root jackfruit as
Bataknese we are proud
2. Sian najolo tu saonnari darah batak

di dalam diri
Past and present is Bataknese in
ourself
3. Tak perlu cari-cari darah batakto be

NC
Needless to search Bataknese to be
NC
4. Ujung nai ma jari-jari dainang

The final is mother`s finger
5. Langit menimpa bumi sampai mati
mudar batak
Heaven upon eart until die always
Bataknese
6. Tetap mudar Batak nang pe godang

hata ni halak
Permanent Bataknese,although many
people said cynically
7 Ingot Do Au 1. Ku ucapkan terima kasih tu huta Siantar

nauli
I say thanks to Siantar city beautiful
2. Di huta hatubuan tempatku dilahirkan

dibesarkan
In hometown, where I was born and be
enlarged
3. Bawa kenangan untuk bilang masihol au
tu akka dongan malungun au dihuta
Siantar nauli
Bring memories to say, I miss the peers
and also miss of the siantar city beautiful
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8 Hapogosonta Ramoti asa denggan au pasabar ma mangalului

narikkot di au
Bless me so that I can be patient to find out what do

I want
9 Sapele-sapele 1. Anak namboru bonceng buk

Get a ride the uncle`s daight
2. Boru tulang sini boru
Come on the uncle`s daughter
10 Latteung 1. Lanjut ceritaku takkan stop

Further my story would not stop
2. Hata tona dohot poda, kami tuangkan

lewat umpasa
The messages and advice, we will share it
to the trope
3. Nungga sian sirpang opat nda beta ma tu
kaki lima
After we`re going to the intersection, let`s
move the cross section
4. Ini bukan poda sian damang
This is not advice from the father
5. Juga bukan poda sian dainang

Also not advice from the mother
6. Sedikit nasehat hata tona yang ku daur
ulang dengan kata
Some advices and messages that I will
page 15
share it to the word
11 Gabe Sega 1. Sai horas-horas ma cintaki

I hope my love will be faitfull
2. Nga hancur be harapanki
My dream have been broken
3. Dulu kau bilang I love you sekarang kau

tinggalkan aku
You said that you love me but now you
leave me
12 Mulak Maho 1. Maaf maaf maaf hasian

Sorry sorry sorry dear
2. Ajari au unang tinggalhon au
Teach me dont leave me alone
3. Seharusnya kamu temani hasian

You should akways by my side
The Data Analysis
After identifying the data, the types of code mixing used by the Batak songs lyrics of Siantar rap
foundation are classified based on types code mixing. According to the Pieter Muysken (2000:1).
There are three types of code mixing namely : 1) Insertion, 2) Alternation, 3) Congruent
Lexicalization.
The Types of Code Mixing Found in Batak Song Lyrics of Siantar Rap Foundation
The writer discovered that all types of Code mixing and they are shown in
percentage in the following table.
Table 4.2.1Type of Insertion in the Batak song lyrics of Siantar Rap Foundation
No Lines of Code Mixing Explanation Types of
Code Mixing
1 Ala molo di tanda bah sude do keluarga Because the lyric just Insertion
We become a family if we know each other had one insertion word
that was different from
another words.
2 Sai ingot natorasta i zaman ni ngolutta The single zaman word Insertion
Always think about our parents in this new was clearly showed that
era it was and insertion type
of code mixing
page 16
3 Partuturan i jaga rap adat i pasada Because the lyric just Insertion
Keep the kinsip with the united tradition had one insertion word
another words
4 Tolong ma jolo tulang unang marpillit- “Tolong” is commonly Insertion

pillit says in Indonesian, but
Please uncle, dont you different love however it was an
Indonesian word
5 Sai marrikkat sappe siang The single siang was Insertion
Want to run until afternoon clearly showed that it
was and insertion type
of code mixing
6 Tolong tulang paloas “Tolong”is commonly Insertion
Please uncle, let me to tell you says in Indonesian, but
however it was an
Indonesian word
7 Hu jakkit pagarmi tor ro do biang i Because the lyric just Insertion
I climbed your gate but the dog came to me had one insertion word
another words
8 This is my swag malah this swag This word malah is the Insertion
This is my swag so this swag same Indonesian
language of jadi
9 Cintaki holan diho “Cinta” was word Insertion
My love is only you which is indicate
insertion type
10 Holan ho holan ho do cintaki “Cinta” was word Insertion
Only you only you is my love which is indicate
insertion type
11 Ujung nai ma jari-jari dainang Because the lyric just Insertion
The final is mother`s finger had one insertion word
another words
12 Tetap mudar batak nang pe godang hata ni “Tetap” was word Insertion
halak which is indicate
Although many people said cynically insertion type
13 Ramoti asa denggan au pasabar ma “sabar” was clearly that Insertion
mangalului narikkot di au it was and insertion type
Bless me so that I can be patient to find out of code mixing
what do I want
page 17
14 Nungga sian sirpang opat nda beta ma tu Because the lyric just Insertion
kaki lima had one insertion word
After we`re going to the intersection, let`s that was different from
move to the cross section another words
15 Ini bukan poda sian damang “ini” was word which is Insertion
This is not advice from the father indicate insertion type
16 Jugabukan poda sian dainang Even there were two Insertion
Also not from the mother words in the lyric,
because of that it was in
the Insertion
17 Sai horas-horas ma cintaku Because the lyric just Insertion
I hope my love will be faitfull had one insertion word
another words
18 Nga hancur be harapanki Because the lyric just Insertion
My dream have been broken had one insertion word
another words
19 Ajari au unang tinggalhon Because the lyric just Insertion
Teach me, dont leave me alone had one insertion word
another words
19
Total (34%)
Table 4.2.2Type of Alternation in the Batak song lyrics of Siantar Rap Foundation

Code Mixing
1 Godang hatani halak kasar do halak kita In the case of the lyric, Alternation
the code mixing had the
Most of people said that Bataknese is patern of a clause, so
rough that`s why it became
alternation type of code
mixing
page 18
2 Ku cinta Batak i sada cintanauli Althought it was just Ku Alternation
cinta, but it truely was a
I love Batak because love is beautiful clause and made is
alternation
3 Batak gabe pedoman idokni halak kita In the case of the lyric, Alternation
the code mixing had the
Batak will be a leader as the Bataknese patern of a clause, so
said that`s why it became
alternation type of code
mixing
4 Halak batak siapa tidak mengenalnya The lyric was included in Alternation
alternation because it
Batak people, who does not know them was a combination of
half Batak language and
Indonesian clause.
5 Mudar batak sejak dulu dari sananya In the first statement of Alternation
junjung Batak the lyric, the lyric had a
perfect clause patern as
Batak clan, originally is a precious the requirement of
alternation
6 Segan tu senior ala hormat tu natorasna This word was just the Alternation
same as above, about the
Reluctant to senior and respect for parents “segan”and “hormat”
7 Sopan santun i jaga imma podahni Althought it was just Alternation

sopan santun, but it
Keep the politeness in their life truely was a clause and
made is alternation
8 I paima sian facebook i hubungi sedang In the first statement of Alternation

sibuk the lyric, the lyric had a
Awaited on facebook, contacted were busy the requirement of
alternation
9 Ai tor iboan ma senjata laras panjang The lyric was included in Alternation
page 19
Immediately brought long arms barrel was a combination of
half Batak language and
Indonesian clause.
10 Tidak ada ketinggalan kelas tanpa In the first statement of Alternation

perbedaan, berengkon majo asa dibotomu the lyric, the lyric had a
There was no discrimination as you know the requirement of
alternation
11 Hatersmengganggu naikkan tawaku “Haters” is a clause so it Alternation

was included in to
Haters, who were jealous when I laughed alternation
12 Ku jalani Siantar ini bersama brother In the first statement of Alternation

D.I.C the lyric, the lyric had a
I started to live in Siantar with the brother the requirement of
D.I.C alternation
13 Tetap respect, olo ma swag mata melek This word was just the Alternation
gua tetap say hay same as above, about the
“Tetap” and “mata melek
Still respect, so swag be awake but I still gua tetap”
say hay
14 Tali sepatu celana sempit, yang penting so “yang penting” is a Alternation

sweet clause so it was included
in to alternation
Shoelace tight pants ,the important thing is
so sweet
15 Atas sampai bawah harus terlihat In the first statement of Alternation

matching the lyric, the lyric had a
Up and down should be looked match the requirement of
alternation
16 Badan gua penuh blink-blink “badan gua penuh” is a Alternation

clause so it was included
My body full of blink-blink in to alternation
17 Tulang, boru sahat dongan tubu hargai Althought it was just Alternation
mereka “hargai mereka”, but it
truely was a clause and
Uncle and also the girl`s family members made is alternation
clan
page 20
18 Somba dan juga tutu itu jadi dasar In the first statement of Alternation
pondasi mendatar the lyric, the lyric had a
Worship and also have to a basic think the requirement of
alternation
19 Moral berisi ajaran dongani dengan This word was just the Alternation
dukungan same as above, about the
“Moral berisi ajaran”
The moral that contains the advice and and “dengan dukungan”
support
20 Na jonok marsiogosan jauh dekat In the first statement of Alternation

bergesekan the lyric, the lyric had a
When we`re close we`re abuse each other the requirement of
even we`re far away alternation
21 Urat ni hotang urat ni nakka di batak ini In the first statement of Alternation
kami bangga the lyric, the lyric had a
Root rattan, root jackfruit as Bataknese we the requirement of
are proud alternation
22 Sian najolo tu saonnari darah batak di The lyric was included in Alternation
dalam diri alternation because it
was a combination of
Past and present is Bataknese in ourself half Bataknese and
Indonesian clause.
23 Tak perlu cari-cari darah batak to be NC The lyric was included in Alternation
Needless to search Bataknese to be NC was a combination of
half Indonesian and
page 21
English clause.
24 Langit menimpa bumi sampai mati mudar In the first statement of Alternation
Batak the lyric, the lyric had a
Heaven upon eart until die always the requirement of
Bataknese alternation
25 Ku ucapkan terima kasih tu huta Siantar The lyric was included in Alternation
nauli alternation because it
I say thanks to Siantar rap foundation half Indonesian and
English clause.
26 Di huta hatubuan tempat ku dilahirkan The lyric was included in Alternation

dibesarkan alternation because it
In hometown, where I was born and be half Bataknese and
enlarged Imdonesian clause.
27 Bawa kenangan untuk bilang masihol au The lyric was included in Alternation
tu akka dongan malungun au di huta alternation because it
Siantar nauli was a combination of
half Indonesian and
Bring memories to say, I miss the peers Bataknese clause.
and also miss of the Siantar city beautiful
28 Lanjut ceritaku takkan stop In the first statement of Alternation

the lyric, the lyric had a
Further my story would not stop perfect clause patern as
the requirement of
page 22
alternation
29 Hata tona dohot poda, kami tuangkan In the first statement of Alternation
lewat umpasa the lyric, the lyric had a
The messages and advice, we will share it the requirement of
to the trope alternation
30 Sedikit nasehat hata tona yang ku daur In the first statement of Alternation
ulang dengan kata the lyric, the lyric had a
Some advices and messages that I will the requirement of
share it to the word alternation
31 Dulu kau bilang I love you sekarang kau The lyric was included in Alternation
tinggalkan aku alternation because it
You said that you love me but now you half Indonesian and
leave me English clause.
32 Maaf maaf maaf hasian In the first statement of Alternation

Sorry sorry sorry dear perfect clause patern as
the requirement of
alternation
33 Seharusnya kau temani hasian In the first statement of Alternation

You should akways by my side perfect clause patern as
the requirement of
alternation
33
Total (59%)
page 23
Table 4.2.3Type of Congruent lexicalization in the Batak song lyrics of Siantar Rap
Foundation

Code Mixing
1 Emmatutu gondang toba suling bambu The word Emmatutu has Congruent
no meaning in that Lexicalization
Bambo flute music of Toba sentence should be in
Bataknese or English
languages from original
language (Bataknese)
2 Logat kasar sudah biasa, aima The word Emmatutu has Congruent
Coarse accent is normal sentence should be in
3 Anak namboru bonceng buk The word Emmatutu has Congruent

Get a ride the auntie`s daight sentence should be in
4 Boru tulang sini boru The word Emmatutu has Congruent

Come on the uncle`s daughter sentence should be in
Total (7%)
From the table 4.2 that the percentage type of code mixing there are insertion 19 (34%),
alternation 33 (59%) and congruent lexicalization 4 (7%).
Tabel 4.2.4The dominant of code mixing in the Batak song lyrics

No Lines of Code Mixing Frequency Percentage (%)
1 Insertion 19 34%
page 24
2 Alternation 33 59%
3 Congruent Lexicalization 4 7%
Total 56 100%
From the table 4.2.2 shows that the total percentage of the types of code mixing such as : insertion
are 19 (34%), alternation 33 (59%) and congruent lexicalization 4 (7%). The most dominant type of
code mixing based on table 4.2.2 above is Alternation with total percentage of mixing are 33 (59%).
The Research Findings
Having analyzed the data of code mixing found in Batak song lyrics of Siantar rap foundation,
the writer can conclude that :
1.There are data of code mixing from 12 songs and also three (3) types of code mixing found in
Batak song lyrics of Siantar rap foundation are Insertion, Alternation and Congruent
Lexicalization.
2.The most dominant type of code mixing used in the lyrics of Siantar rap foundation is
Alternation with its percentage is 33 (59%). It happened because the rapper used both of
language occur alternately each with their structure, it seems that halfway through the
sentence, one language is replaced by the other namely Bataknese language into Indonesian
language or English language into Indonesian language.
3.The describe of code mixing found in Batak song lyrics of Siantar rap foundation is the type
of alternation. From the reason has been found by writer, it can be concluded about the
reason of the rapper used code mixing in their Batak song lyrics was because of social
community with the total of 33 (59%).
Discussion
Having analyzed of code mixing in Batak song lyrics of Siantar rap foundation. The writer
discuss what have been found in research finding and data analysis. It started from the description of
code mixing used in Batak language and Indonesian language as a second language, Example :
Table 4.4.1 Analysis type of code mixing used in Batak language into Indonesian language
Types of Code Mixing Batak Language in Lyrics Indonesian Language in

Lyrics
Insertion 1. Ala molo ditanda bah 1. Keluarga

sude do
2. Sai marikkat sappe 2. Siang
3. Holan ho holan ho do 3. Cinta
Alternation 1. Halak Batak 1. Siapa tidak
mengenalnya
2. Mudar Batak 2. Sejak dulu dari

sananya junjung
Batak
page 25
3. Tulang boru sahat 3. Hargai mereka
dongan tubu
Congruent Lexicalization 1. Emmatutu gondang toba 1. Suling bambu
The description of code mixing used in Indonesian language and English language as a second
language, Example :
Table 4.4.2 Analysis type of code mixing used in Indonesian language into English language
Types of Code Mixing Indonesian Language in Lyrics English Language in Lyrics
Alternation 1. Ku jalani Siantar ini 1. Brother D.I.C

bersama
2. Badan gua penuh 2. Blink-blink
3. Tak perlu cari-cari 3. to be N.C
darah Batak
The rapper of Siantar rap foundation used the type of code mixing is alternation because that one
language is replaced by the other namely Bataknese language into Indonesian language. The rapper use
of code to align the sound of the lyrics so pleasing to the ear by said opponent (listener).
The writer is interested to analyze code mixing in the Batak song lyrics because theycan identify
and differentiate the various languages contained in the lyrics of the song.
5. Conclusions
After analyzing the types of code mixing found in Batak songs lyrics of Siantar rap
foundation, some conclusion are given below :
1. Three types of code mixing were found in 12 songs. The types of code mixing namely insertion,
alternation and congruent lexicalization. It consist of insertion 19 (34%), alternation 33 (59%)
and congruent lexicalization 4 (7%).
2. The most dominant types of code mixing used in Batak song lyrics of Siantar rap foundation is
Alternation 33 (59%). Alternation was the most dominant in Batak song lyrics used many code
mixing in his line of songs used both of language occur alternately each with their structure, it
seems that halfway through the sentence, one language is replaced by the other namely Bataknese
language into Indonesian language as original language and that is why the alternation is the
dominant types than another types.
3. Conclusion based on discussion analyzed of code mixing in Batak song lyrics of Siantar rap
foundation is the rapper used in Batak language and second language as a second language,
Indonesian language and English language as a second language. In the 12 songs the Batak song
page 26
lyrics in Batak language and second language as a second language (11 songs) and in Batak
language and second language as a second language (1 song).
REFERENCES
Chaer, A & Agustina. L (1995). Sociolinguistics Perkenalan Awal. Jakarta:
Rineka Cipta
Fitria, Tira Nur.2014. Sociolinguistics: “Code Switching and Code Mixing”.
University of Surakarta.
Gobatak.” Ini Dia Musik Rap Bernuansa Musik Batak Karya Anak Siantar ”
Holmes,Janet.2001.An Introduction to Sociolinguistic.London:Longman.p.6
James Cohen, Kara T. McAlister, Kellie Rolstad, and Jeff MacSwan.2005.
Minority language survival: Code Mixing in Welsh. University of
Wales, Bogor.
M. Lipski, John. “Fluent Dysfluency” As Congruent Lexicalization: A special Case of
Radical Code-Mixing. The Pennsylvania State University.
Muysken,P.(2000).Bilingual Speech: A Topology of Code Mixing. United Kingdom:
Cambridge University Press.
Nababan, P. W. J. (1993). Sociolinguistics: Sebuah Pengantar. Jakarta: Gramedia
Pustaka.
Sitinjak, Erlin (9 september 2015).” Tentang Siantar Rap Foundation-Bangga Jadi
Batak, Buat Batak jadi Bangga”
Stockwell, P. (2002). Sociolinguistics: A Resource Book for Students. London:
Routledge.
Sumarsih, Masitowarni Sirega, Syamsul Bahri, Dedi Sanjaya.feb 24, 2014. Code
Switching and Code Mixing in Indonesia: Study in Sociolinguistics
Wardaugh, Ronald. 2002. An Introduction to Linguistics.(4th ed). Malden Mass:
Blackwell publishers.
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Code Mixing Found in Batak Song Lyrics

of Siantar Rap Foundation

Tiara Pasaribu , Pardede, Debora

1.The Background of the Study

Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society (Wardaugh, 2002:12). He also

A code is a symbol of nationalism that is used by peole to speak or communicate in a

In Sociolinguistics, Code refer to a language or a is a variety language. It is a set of

A code switching is a convesational strategy used to establish, cross or destroy group

Types of Code Switching

1) Tag code switching

The Differences Between Code Mixing and Code Switching

Siantar Rap Foundation

Code Switching Code Mixing

Types of Code Switching Types of Code Mixing

According to David (2008:75): According to Pieter

The data has been analyzed by using these following steps :

1 Targadingdang 1. Godang hatani halak kasar do halak kita

2. Ala molo di tanda bah sude do keluarga

3. Ku cinta batak i sada cinta nauli

5. Batak gabe pedoman idokni halak kita

6. Sai ingot natorasta i zaman ni ngolutta

7. Halak batak siapa tidak mengenalnya

8. Mudar batak sejak dulu dari sananya junjung

9. Logat kasar sudah biasa, aima

10. Segan tu senior jala hormat tu natorasna

11. Sopan santun i jaga rap adat do i pasada

12. Partuturan i jaga rap adat do i pasada

No Source From The Entitle Songs Lines Of Code Mixing

2 Sinanggar Tullo 1. Tolong ma jolo tulang unang ma marpillit-

3. Ai tor iboan ma senjata laras panjang

4. Sai marrikkat sappe siang

5. Tolong tulang paloas

6. Hu jakkit pagarmi tor ro do biang mi

No Source From The Entitle Songs Lines of Code Mixing

3 Siantar City Swagga 1. Tidak ada ketinggalan kelas tanpa

2. Haters, mengganggu naikkan tawaku

3. Ku jalani Siantar ini bersama brother

8. Badan gua penuh blink-blink

No Source From The Entitle Songs Lines of Code Mixing

4 Holan Ho Do 1. Cintaki holan diho

No Source From The Entitle Songs Lines of Code Mixing

5 Dalihan Na Tolu 1. Tulang, boru sahat dongan tubu hargai

2. Somba dan juga tutu itu jadi dasar

3. Moral berisi dongani dengan dukungan

4. Na jonok marsiogosan jauh dekat

6 Rege-rege 1. Urat ni hotang urat ni nankka di

2. Sian najolo tu saonnari darah batak

3. Tak perlu cari-cari darah batakto be

4. Ujung nai ma jari-jari dainang

6. Tetap mudar Batak nang pe godang

No Source From The Entitle Songs Lines of Code Mixing

7 Ingot Do Au 1. Ku ucapkan terima kasih tu huta Siantar

2. Di huta hatubuan tempatku dilahirkan

8 Hapogosonta Ramoti asa denggan au pasabar ma mangalului

Bless me so that I can be patient to find out what do

No Source From The Entitle Songs Lines of Code Mixing

9 Sapele-sapele 1. Anak namboru bonceng buk

No Source From The Entitle Songs Lines of Code Mixing

10 Latteung 1. Lanjut ceritaku takkan stop

2. Hata tona dohot poda, kami tuangkan

5. Juga bukan poda sian dainang

No Source From The Entitle Songs Lines of Code Mixing

11 Gabe Sega 1. Sai horas-horas ma cintaki