THE ANALYSIS OF CODE MIXING USED IN “PROMISE” MOVIE

Fathur Rizki Asani

Yogyakarta State University

A. ABSTRACT
Code mixing is a mixing two codes or languages, without change their meaning. The
purposes of the research are to 1) identifying the code mixing found in “Promise” movie
and 2) finding out the motives of using code mixing used in “Promise” movie. The object
of the research is code mixing used in “Promise” movie. The researcher uses descriptive
narrative as the type of the research. The data of the research are in the form of word,
phrases, or utterances of code mixing which found in “Promise” movie. Documentation
was used to collect the data found in “Promise” movie. The researcher uses Musyken’s
theory to identify the types of code mixing. The total of the data that found in “promise”
movie are 56 data. It divides into insertion (60,8 % or 34), Alternation (33,9 % or 19),
and Congruent Lexicalization (5,3 % or 3). On the category of insertion, there are 3 types
of insertion such as 23 (41,1 %) data belong to insertion of word, 10 (17,9 % ) data
belong to insertion of phrase, and 1 (1,8% ) data belong to insertion of phrases. The
second results used Hocket’s theory for the motives of using code mixing. The analysis
show that there are 3 (5,4%) data belong to need filling motive and 53 (94,6% ) data of
prestige filling motive.

Keywords: Types of code mixing, motives of using code mixing, the movie “Promise”.

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B. INTRODUCTION
Language is a system of communication used by a particular country or community.
According to Wardaugh (2006:1), “Language is what member of particular society
speak”. English is a global language so that English is the most important language in this
world. People always used English every day and every time. It used in education,
technology, science, career and also primary as communication tools.
Nowadays, English is an international language which is very useful in some aspects,
such as in business, job, world of entertainment, etc. However English is not the most
spoken language, but it is the official language of 53 countries and spoken by around 400
million people in the world. Most of Indonesian people are able to use more than one
language to communicate with each other in their daily lives. There are more than 250
spoken languages in Indonesia. Indonesian language or “Bahasa Indonesia” usually used
besides mother tongue, such as Javanese, Sundanese, Ambonese, or many more.
Besides Indonesian people mix “Bahasa Indonesia” with their mother tongue, they
also mix it with English language when they communicate. This phenomenon is called
code-mixing. It appears when people mix their languages when they communicate.
According to Risdianto (2013:14), “Code-mixing refers to the mixing of two or more
languages or language varieties in a speech”.
Code mixing can be found in the form of spoken or written language. In written
language, it can be found in newspaper, magazine, letter, novel, etc. Code mixing in
spoken language can be found in videos, music, and television program like quiz, talk-
show, and also in movies. Code mixing can be easily found in Indonesian’s movies.
Movie is a story or event recorded by a camera as a set of moving images and shown in a
theater or in a television. According to Hornby (2000) “movie is a process of making or
reproduction of motion picture. Code mixing which found in a movie is based on the
script of the movie. Even the script is written by the dominant language (Bahasa
Indonesia), the writer usually put another language to make the conversation clear or for
another reason. There are many Indonesian’s movies which used code mixing, such as
“Promise”, “Punk in love”, “Cek toko sebelah”, and many others.
This paper tried to analyzed code mixing used in “promise” movie. The director of
the movie is Asep Kusdinar and the genre is Drama-romance. This movie released on 5 th

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 of January 2017 and it produced by Screen Play and Legacy Picture. The actors and
actresses of the movie are Dimas Anggara, Boy William, Amanda Rawles, Mikha
Tambayong, Mawar de Jongh. This movie tells about an Indonesian drama romance
which tells the story of Rahman (Dimas Anggara), a handsome yet simple man who came
from Jogjakarta and his childhood friend Aji (Boy William), who is totally the opposite
of Rahman. Aji himself is a playboy who enjoys playing around with women and
romance. As time goes by, Rahman and Aji never crossed path again. 18 months passed
and Rahman continued his study in Milan. In his university, Rahman became good
friends with Moza (Mikha Tambayong), who secretly put some interest on him. Moza
also noticed that somehow, Rahman seemed to hold a secret to his past. Kanya (Amanda
Rawles), a mixed Javanese woman who has been living in Europe since she was 10 years
old, has to go back to Jogjakarta to follow her mother's last will.
There are several reasons why the researcher wants to analyze “Promise” movie. The
first, it is very interesting to analyze the use of code mixing in the movie, because it is
Indonesian movie which has code mixing Indonesia-English. This movie is located in
Jogjakarta, Milan, and Istanbul. Second, the researcher interested to analyze the types of
code mixing which used in the movie. The characters of the movie use their mother
tongue in their daily conversation, but sometimes they mix it with English language to
communicate. And for that reasons, the researcher decides in analyzed code mixing in
“Promise” movie, which entitled “THE ANALYSIS OF CODE MIXING USED IN
“PROMISE” MOVIE”.

C. Literature review
According to Fishman (1972:7), sociolinguistics is the study of the characteristics of
language varieties, the characteristics of their functions, and the characteristics of their
speakers as these constantly interact, change and changes one another within a speech
community. In addition, Spolsky (1983:3) stated that sociolinguistics is the field that
studies relationship between language and society, between the uses of language and the
social structures. Sociolinguistics is a study of language as a social and cultural
phenomenon.

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 According to Richards (2002: 31), bilingual is a person who uses two languages with
some degree of proficiency. Jendra (2012: 68) states that bilingual is people who are not
monolinguals but speak two languages every day. Then, According to Chaer and Leonie
(2004:84), "bilingual is a person who is able to use two languages". Bilingualism is the
ability to understand or use more than one language.
Code is particular dialect or language that person chooses to use on any occasion, a
system for communication between two or more parties (Wardaugh, 1992:103). Suwito
(1983: 67) defines that Code is a term for any variety of language. Code is a term which
refers to denote a language or a variety of language. Code is consists of code mixing and
code switching. Code-switching and code-mixing are well-known traits in the speech
pattern of the average bilingual in any human society the world over, where both of them
are the most obvious and widespread which used at different language. They can be
found in newspaper, magazine, television program such as talk-show, movie, etc.
According to Hornberger & McKay (2010), code switching is a phenomenon when
there are two or more languages exist in a community and it makes speakers frequently
switch from one language to another language. Bokamba (1989) defines code-switching
is the mixing of words, phrases and sentences from two distinct grammatical (sub)
systems across sentence boundaries within the same speech event. Code switching is the
combination of two languages in a sentence.
Richards (2002: 80) defines code mixing as a mixing of two code or language,
usually without a change of topic. Wardaugh (1986) states that code-mixing occurs when
a fluent bilingual or multilingual uses both or more languages together to extend the topic
by changing one language to the other in the course of single utterance. Code mixing is
like code switching that only the frequency is high and often involves words only
(Tarjana, 2009: 7). According to Wardaugh (1992:106), code mixing occurs when a
conversant uses both languages together to the extent that they change from one language
to the other in the course of single utterance and generally it happens in informal
language situation. Muysken (2000) divides code-mixing in to three form, they are:
1. Insertion, Muysken (2000) defines insertion is frequent in colonial settings and
recent migrant communities, where there is a considerable asymmetry in the
speakers’ proficiency in the two languages.

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 Example: Aku pengen cari the one.
I want to find the one.
It is an English word inserted into Indonesian sentence.
2. Alternation, Muysken (2000) defines that alternation occurs when structures of
two languages are alternated indistinctively both at the grammatical and lexical
level.
Example: …barusan kamu minta nomor telepon ku, what’s that suppose mean?
….you just asking my number, what’s that suppose mean?
The Indonesian language of the constituent dominating and English language is
unspecified.
3. Congruent Lexicalization, According to Muysken (2000:5), congruent
lexicalization may be particularly associated with second generation migrant
groups, dialect/standard and post creole continua, and bilingual speakers of
closely related languages with roughly equal prestige and no tradition of overt
language separation.
Example: Kamu bisa break dance nggak?
Can you do break dance or not?
The phrase break dance in the text above is share a language grammatical
structure which can be filled lexically with elements from one language to either
language.
According to Hoffman (1991:116) there are some reasons for a person use bilingual
to switch or mix their language. Hocket (1958:404) defines that every people have
different reasons to use code mixing. It can be need filling motive and prestige filling
motive. Need filling motive is a motive when the speaker cannot find words that have
similar meaning in their language. While prestige filling motive is the motive which is
used when the speaker appears their educational status or just looks prestige to use or to
mix some language
The aims of the research are to identify the code mixing found in “Promise” movie
and find out the motives of using code mixing used in “Promise” movie.
The previous study shows that the researcher’s paper is different from the other
researchers. There are three previous researches from other researchers. The first study

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produced by Setya (2014), he investigates the types of code-mixing used in Marmut
Merah Jambu movie and FLL students’ perception towards the use of code-mixing in
Marmut Merah Jambu movie. The researcher used theoretical framework of Hoffman
theory (1991): intra-sentential code-mixing, intra-lexical code-mixing and code-mixing
involving a change of pronunciation. The result of the research show that there are 133
occurrences of code-mixing in Marmut Merah Jambu movie, with the most occurred type
involves the change of pronunciation (66.17 %), followed by intra-lexical code-mixing
(30.08 %), and intra-sentential code-mixing (3.76 %).
The second research was conducted by Hairennisa (2018). Based on her research, she
conclude as follows the types of code mixing that used by the students in WhatsApp chat
were word insertion, phrase insertion, baster insertion, repetition insertion, idiom
insertion and clause insertion. The dominant type of code mixing that the student used in
WhatsApp chat was phrase Insertion, they seldom used word insertion.
The third research is about an analysis of code mixing used in the movie “Cek toko
sebelah” by Mukhammad Khafid Abdurrohman (2019). The objectives of the research
are to describe the types of language code-mixing used by the actors in the movie “Cek
Toko Sebelah” and describe the reasons of using code-mixing in the movie “Cek Toko
Sebelah”. The data are analyzed by using Muysken’s theory for the types of code mixing.
The results show there are 77 data of code mixing. 50 (65,0%) data of insertion, 23 (29,9)
data of alternation and 5 (5,1%) data of congruent lexicalization. On the category of
insertion, there are three types of insertion; 13 insertion data of phrase, 35 insertion data
of word and 2 insertion data of hybrid. The second results used Hocket’s theory for the
motives of using code mixing and S.P.E.A.K.I.N.G. by Dell Hymes for detailing the
analysis show that there are 4 (5,1%) data of need filling motive and 73 (94,9%) data of
prestige filling motive. Both of us have a similar focus concerning the types of code
mixing and reasons using code mixing. The differences are on the object of the research
and the analysis.

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D. Method
The aims of the research are to identify the type of code mixing used in “Promise”
movie and find out the motives of using code mixing found in the “Promise” movie , so
this research conducted by descriptive-qualitative method. Robert (2000:38) stated that
Qualitative method attempts to capture and understand individual definitions,
descriptions, meaning of events. It produces narrative or textual description of the topic
under studies. This research is about descriptive qualitative method because it described
the cases of the research in narrative description.
The data of the research were in the form of utterances which contain code mixing in
“Promise” movie. Documentation was used in conducting the types of code mixing and
motives of using code mixing found in “Promise” movie. Then, the researcher determines
the most used form of types of code mixing and motives of code mixing.

E. Results and Discussion

A. The results of the data
1. Types of code-mixing used in “promise” movie
The researcher identified the data based on the type of code mixing and its function.
The researcher found around 56 cases of code mixing in the “Promise” movie. 34 data
belong to insertion, 19 data belong to alternation, and 3 data belong to congruent
lexicalization. According to Musyken (2000), “code mixing is the use of lexical items
and grammatical features between two languages that appear in single utterance”. He also
divided code mixing into three parts, they are: Insertion, Alternation, and congruent
lexicalization.

GROUP I (Insertion)
Insertion can be divided into (1) insertion of phrase, (2) insertion of word, (3) insertion of
hybrid.
1. Insertion of phrase
Insertion phrase is type of code mixing there are one phrase mixing in another
language.
Table 1.1

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 The Type of Code Mixing Insertion of Phrase

NO Utterance Explanation
1. Come on, man. Please. Aku tuh The type of that code mixing is insertion of phrase
kenal banget sama kamu. Mana because come on is just a phrase which inserted or
pernah sih kamu nanya tentang mixed in the utterance without change the topic.
aku. According to Cambridge dictionary (2015) Come on is
to start to happen or work. Come on is phrasal verb
come as the verb.
2. Kamu bilang Moza itu sahabat The type of that code mixing is insertion of phrase
kamu? Nggak mungkinlah man, because come on is just a phrase which inserted or
come on. mixed in the utterance without change the topic.
According to Cambridge dictionary (2015) Come on is
to start to happen or work. Come on is phrasal verb
come as the verb.
3. Aku dikasih kepercayaan ya The type of that code mixing is insertion of phrase
untuk memegang photo agency because photo agency is just a phrase which inserted or
yang terbesar di Milan. mixed in the utterance without change the topic.
According to The Free Dictionary by Farlex photo
agency is the art, practice, or occupation, of taking and
printing photographs, making cine films, etc. Photo
agency is English language which inserted in clause of
Indonesian language as adverb. Photo agency is noun
phrase.
4. …..pengen nyari yang The One. The type of that code mixing is insertion of phrase
because The one is just a phrase which inserted or
mixed in the utterance without change the topic.
According to Oxford dictionary (2015) is a person
regarded as one’s destined life partner. The one is
English language which inserted in clause of
Indonesian language. It is a noun phrase.
5. …..kamu mau aku ngasih tau The type of that code mixing is insertion of phrase
kamu? Oke, To start off, tadi because start off is just a phrase which inserted or

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 kamu bilang kamu udah capek mixed in the utterance without change the topic.
sama semua cewek….. According to Oxford dictionary (2015) Begin to operate
or do something or to happen. Start off is phrasal verb
start as the verb.
6. Oh ya, By the way ngomong soal The type of that code mixing is insertion of phrase
keju, Rahman tuh alergi sama because by the way is just a phrase which inserted or
keju…. mixed in the utterance without change the topic.
According to Oxford dictionary (2015) by the way is
Incidentally (used to introduce a topic not directly
connected with what was being spoken about
previously). By the way is English language which
inserted in clause of Indonesian language as adverb.
7. …. dan kerja part-time. Ya jadi The type of that code mixing is insertion of phrase
aku harus tinggal mandiri di because part-time is just a phrase which inserted or
Milan…. mixed in the utterance without change the topic.
According to Oxford dictionary (2015) Part-time is
employed for or occupying only part of the usual
working day or week. Part-time is English language
which inserted in clause of Indonesian language as
adjective.

2. Insertion of word
Insertion word is type of code mixing there are one word mixing in another language.
Table 1.2
The Type of Code Mixing Insertion of word

NO Utterance Explanation
1. Yaelah Man, namanya juga The type of that code mixing is insertion because
Playboy playboy is just single word borrowing or insert in
single utterance without change the topic. According
Oxford Dictionary (2015), Playboy is just an insertion
single word that has meaning wealthy man who spends

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 his time enjoying himself, especially one who behaves
irresponsibly or has many casual sexual relationships.
Syntactically this word is belonging to noun.
2. Tapi aku mau nanya nih, why The type of that code mixing is insertion because why
Milan? is just single word borrowing or insert in single
utterance without change the topic. According Oxford
Dictionary (2015), why is just an insertion single word
that has meaning For what reason or purpose.
Syntactically this word is belonging to adverb.
3. Akhirnya kamu keluar dari The type of that code mixing is insertion because how
kandang kamu. ngeliat dunia is just single word borrowing or insert in single
yang lebih luas. Tapi, kok bisa utterance without change the topic. According Oxford
gitu, how? Dictionary (2015), how is just an insertion single word
that has meaning it said when asking how or why
something happened or is the case. Syntactically this
word is belonging to adverb.
4. Udah, sama? Sama dia, Ha? The type of that code mixing is insertion because sorry
Hahaha Sorry. is just single word borrowing or insert in single
utterance without change the topic. According
Dictionary.com, sorry is just an insertion single word
that used as n conventional apology or expression of
regret. Syntactically this word is belonging to
interjection.
5. Aku ini kayaknya udah merasa The type of that code mixing is insertion because
hidup ini harus udah settled ya… settled is just single word borrowing or insert in single
utterance without change the topic. Settled is English
language which inserted in clause of Indonesian
language. According Cambridge Dictionary (2015),
settled is just an insertion single word that has meaning
comfortable and happy in a place of situation.
Syntactically this word is belonging to adjective.
6. ….smile, oke. The type of that code mixing is insertion because smile
is just single word borrowing or insert in single

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 utterance without change the topic. Smile is English
language which inserted in clause of Indonesian
language. According Cambridge Dictionary (2015),
smile is just an insertion single word that has meaning a
pleased, kind, or amused facial expression, typically
with the corners of the mouth turned up and the front
teeth exposed. Syntactically this word is belonging to
noun.

3. Insertion of Hybrid
Insertion of hybrid is means compound or derived word single element comes from
different language.
Table 1.3
The Type of Code Mixing Insertion of Hybrid

NO Utterance Explanation
1 Za, Please-lah senyumlah sedikit The type of that code mixing is insertion because
please is just single word borrowing or insert in
single utterance without change the topic. Please is
English language which inserted in clause of
Indonesian language. Please-lah is insertion single
word is type of hybrid because “-lah” in Indonesian
suffix and “please” is English word. According
Oxford Dictionary (2015), Please is used in polite
requests or questions.. Syntactically it is belonging
to verb.

GROUP II (Alternation)
According to Muysken (2000:3), alternation occurs when structures of two languages are
alternated indistinctively both at the grammatical and lexical level between structures and
from languages.
Table 1.4

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 The Type of Code Alternation

NO Utterance Explanation
1 Mana mungkinlah yang namanya Come on get out of here is dependent clause, The
laki-laki sama perempuan tinggal type of that code mixing is alternation because
jauh dari rumah dan mereka structures of two languages are alternated speaker
sahabatan doang. Ini pasti ada mixes his or her language with a clause. The speaker
sesuatu yang lebih lah man, come mixed one English language clause “come on get out
on get out of here. of here” to Indonesian language in one utterance.
2 Aku disini udah semua ada. You You drink is a dependent clause. The type of that
drink? code mixing is alternation because structures of two
languages are alternated speaker mixes his or her
language with a clause. The speaker mixed one
English language clause “you drink?” to Indonesian
language in one utterance.
3 Apa? culun? You know what? “You know what” is a dependent clause. The type of
Rahman itu selalu bilang ke aku that code mixing is alternation because structures of
kalau kamu itu sahabat two languages are alternated speaker mixes his or
terbaiknya dia. her language with a clause. The speaker mixed one
English language clause “you know what?” to
Indonesian language in one utterance.
4 Hei, Can I have your number? “Can I have your number” is independent clause,
Maksudnya ya aku bisa ya, you The type of that code mixing is alternation because
know aku bisa orbitin jadi model structures of two languages are alternated speaker
kaya mereka mereka semua mixes his or her language with a clause. The speaker
mixed one English language clause “Can I have your
number?” to Indonesian language in one utterance.
You know is dependent clause, The type of that code
mixing is alternation because structures of two
languages are alternated speaker mixes his or her
language with a clause. The speaker mixed one
English language clause “you know” to Indonesian
language in one utterance.

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5 Kamu itu ya terlalu serius It’s a fun job is independent clause. The type of that
hidupnya, it’s a fun job. code mixing is alternation because structures of two
languages are alternated speaker mixes his or her
language with a clause. The speaker mixed one
English language clause “It’s a fun job” to
Indonesian language in one utterance.
6 ……tadi kamu bilang kamu udah What’s that suppose mean is independent clause.
capek sama semua cewek dan The type of that code mixing is alternation because
kamu pengen cari The One, tapi structures of two languages are alternated speaker
barusan kamu minta nomor mixes his or her language with a clause. The speaker
telepon aku. What’s that mixed one English language clause “What’s that
suppose mean? suppose mean?” to Indonesian language in one
utterance.
7 Kalau sekarang aku dikasih Unlike you mean is dependent clause. The type of
pilihan, aku pilih kemewahan that code mixing is alternation because structures of
kaya kamu atau kesederhanaan two languages are alternated speaker mixes his or
kaya Rahman, aku akan tetap her language with a clause. The speaker mixed one
pilih Rahman karena aku yakin English language clause “unlike you” to Indonesian
dia akan setia sama aku dan akan language in one utterance.
selalu cinta sama aku, unlike
you.
8 Aku lihat Rahman bahagia kaya That’s my friend is dependent clause. The type of
gitu ya, buatku lebih bahagia that code mixing is alternation because structures of
daripada semua kesuksesan yang two languages are alternated speaker mixes his or
berhasil aku raih. That’s my her language with a clause. The speaker mixed one
friend. English language clause “That’s my friend” to
Indonesian language in one utterance.

GROUP III (Congruent Lexicalization)

According to Muysken (2000), congruent lexicalization is a material from different
lexical inventories in to a share grammatical structure. This kind of code mixing occurs at

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 the phonological level, as when Indonesian people says an English word, but modify it to
Indonesian phonological structure.
Table 1.5
The Type of Code Congruent Lexicalization

NO Utterance Explanation
1 HP kamu rusak ya? Pantesan tadi HP is the abbreviation of Handphone. According
kamu pakai telpon umum to Oxford Dictionary (2015) Handphone is a
cordless or mobile phone. The type of code mixing
in that utterance is congruent lexicalizations code
mixing because that are sharing a language
grammatical structure in Indonesian people say
“Handphone” with the same phonological
“Handphone” in English in medical term and
“Handphone” is popular word used in indonesian
language
2 Kamu kenapa nggak ganti HP HP is the abbreviation for Handphone. According to
sih. Dah rusak gitu. Oxford Dictionary (2015) Handphone is a cordless
or mobile phone. The type of code mixing in that
utterance is congruent lexicalizations code mixing
because that are sharing a language grammatical
structure in Indonesian people say “Handphone”
with the same phonological “Handphone” in English
in medical term and “Handphone” is popular word
used in indonesian language
3 Tapi ini bukan DVD Rahman, DVD is the abbreviation for Digital Versatile Disc or
Pak Digital Video Disc. According to Wikipedia, DVD
is a digital optical disc data storage format invented
and developed in 1995 and released in late 1996. The
type of code mixing in that utterance is congruent
lexicalizations code mixing because that are sharing
a language grammatical structure in Indonesian
people say “DVD” with the same phonological
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 “DVD” in English in medical term and “DVD” is
popular word used in Indonesian language

2. Motives of using code mixing

According to Charles Hockett (1958: 404), Code mixing has two reasons there are
need filling motive and prestige feeling motive. Need filling motive is a motive when
the speakers cannot find the words that have similar meanings. It is to fill gap in the
borrowing idiolect (Hockett, 1958: 405). While in prestige filling motive people
emulate those whom they admire, in speech pattern as well as in other respect (Hockett,
1958: 404). The speaker chooses this reason appear their educational status.
a. Need filling motive
Table 1.6
The Motives of Using Code Mixing Need Filling Motive

NO Utterance Explanation
1 HP kamu rusak ya? Pantesan tadi The utterances take places in the park. The speaker
kamu pakai telpon umum of the utterance is Moza. She says that utterance in
informal situation. HP is the abbreviation for
Handphone. Handphone is a single word that has
meaning mobile phone. Indonesian people say
“Handphone” with the same phonological
“Handphone” in English. That the reasons why that
utterance belongs to need filling motive.
2 Tapi ini bukan DVD Rahman, The utterances take places in the Rahman’s house.
Pak The speaker of the utterance is Rahman. He says that
utterance in informal situation. DVD is the
abbreviation for Digital Versatile Disc or Digital
Video Disc. According to Wikipedia, DVD is a
digital optical disc data storage format invented and
developed in 1995 and released in late 1996.
Indonesian people say “DVD” with the same
phonological “DVD” in English. That the reasons
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 why that utterance belongs to need filling motive.
3 …. Terus karena aku nggak mau Homeschooling is a single word that has meaning
membebani papa aku, aku pilih The education of children at home by their parents.
untuk homeschooling…. In Indonesian “homeschooling” has same meaning
with “homeschooling” in English. The speaker
cannot find the same word to say about
homeschooling, because Indonesian uses the same
word “homeschooling”.

b. Prestige filling motive

Table 1.7
The Motives of Using Code Mixing Prestige Filling Motive

NO Utterance Explanation
1 Yaelah Man, namanya juga The utterance takes place in a road. The speaker of
Playboy the utterance is Aji. He says that utterance in
informal situation. Playboy is prestige filling motive
because the speaker alternated his utterance. The
speaker can speak English well so he mixes his
language. It means, he want to give prestige from to
other person. Actually, it can use Indonesian
utterance “Buaya darat”. That is the reason why that
utterance belongs to prestige filling motive.
2 Aku dikasih kepercayaan ya The utterance takes place in Aji’s office. The
untuk memegang photo agency speaker of the utterance is Aji. He says that utterance
yang terbesar di Milan. in informal situation. Photo agency is prestige
filling motive because the speaker alternated his
utterance. The speaker can speak English well so he
mixes his language. It means, he want to give
prestige from to other person. Actually, it can use
Indonesian utterance “Biro foto”. That is the reason
why that utterance belongs to prestige filling motive.
3 Oh ya, By the way ngomong soal The utterance takes place in Restaurant. The speaker

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 keju, Rahman tuh alergi sama of the utterance is Moza. He says that utterance in
keju…. informal situation. By the way is prestige filling
motive because the speaker alternated his utterance.
The speaker can speak English well so he mixes his
language. It means, he want to give prestige from to
other person. Actually, it can use Indonesian
utterance “Ngomong-ngomong”. That is the reason
why that utterance belongs to prestige filling motive.
4 Kamu itu ya terlalu serius The utterance takes place in Restaurant. The speaker
hidupnya, it’s a fun job. of the utterance is Aji. He says that utterance in
informal situation. It’s a fun job is prestige filling
motive because the speaker alternated his utterance.
The speaker can speak English well so he mixes his
language. It means, he want to give prestige from to
other person. Actually, it can use Indonesian
utterance “Ini pekerjaan yang seru”. That is the
reason why that utterance belongs to prestige filling
motive.
5 Apa? culun? You know what? The utterance takes place in Aji’s office. The
Rahman itu selalu bilang ke aku speaker of the utterance is Moza. He says that
kalau kamu itu sahabat utterance in informal situation. “You know what” is
terbaiknya dia. prestige filling motive because the speaker alternated
his utterance. The speaker can speak English well so
he mixes his language. It means, he want to give
prestige from to other person. Actually, it can use
Indonesian utterance “Kamu tau nggak”. That is the
reason why that utterance belongs to prestige filling
motive.
6 …. dan kerja part-time. Ya jadi The utterance takes place in park. The speaker of the
aku harus tinggal mandiri di utterance is Kanya. He says that utterance in
Milan…. informal situation. Part-time is prestige filling
motive because the speaker alternated his utterance.

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 The speaker can speak English well so he mixes his
language. It means, he want to give prestige from to
other person. Actually, it can use Indonesian
utterance “kerja sampingan”. That is the reason why
that utterance belongs to prestige filling motive.

B. The discussions of the result of the data

1. Types of code mixing
Table 1.8
The Types of Code Mixing

No Classifications Example of data ∑ Data Percentage

1 Insertion
a. Insertion of word Yaelah Man, 23 41,1%
namanya juga
Playboy
b. Insertion of phrase Kamu bilang 10 17,9%
Moza itu
sahabat kamu?
Nggak
mungkinlah
man, come on.
c. Insertion of hybrid Za, Please-lah 1 1,8%
senyumlah
sedikit
2 Alternation Nih, hot green 19 33,9%
tea nggak pake
gula kan.
3 Congruent Lexicalization Tapi ini bukan 3 5,3%
DVD Rahman,
Pak
TOTAL 56 100 %

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 Based on the table 1.8 above, Insertion is the dominating type used code mixing
“Promise” movie. The source of the data is 56. It divides into insertion (60,8 % or
34), Alternation (33,9 % or 19), and Congruent Lexicalization (5,3 % or 3). The
phenomena (code mixing) that happen in the movie have many similarities with
real life communication. Society feels free and enjoy in mixing their language,
whether it’s from “Bahasa Indonesia” to English or vice versa.

2. Motives in using code-mixing

Table 1.9
The Motives of Using Code Mixing

No Classifications Example of data ∑ Data Percentage

1 Need filling motive Kamu kenapa 3 5,4%
nggak ganti HP
sih. Dah rusak
gitu
2 Prestige filling motive He, jangan lupa 53 94,6%
loh ya, entar
malam Dinner
loh.
TOTAL 56 100 %

Based on the table 1.9, it can be seen that prestige filling motive is the dominating
motive used code mixing “Promise” movie. The source of the data is 56. It
divides into need filling motive (5,4 % or 3) and prestige filling motive (94,6 % or
53). The character in the movie are mixing code with variation background such
as education, social class, and to get prestige. They feel easy and enjoy in mixing
language with prestige filling motive as their motives.

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F. Conclusions
Code mixing is the action when mixing two codes or languages without change their
meaning. This phenomenon occurs when a speaker uses both languages together to the
extent that they change from one language to the other in the course of single utterance.
The researcher finds that there are 3 types of code mixing used in “Promise” movie. They
are insertion, alternation, and congruent lexicalization. The motive of the character to
mixing code is because of their differences background, such as prestige filling motive
and need filling motive. Based on the complete analysis, the researcher finds out some
conclusion. They are:
a. About the types of code mixing used in “promise” movie, there are 3 types that they
use. They are Insertion, alternation, congruent lexicalization. The total of code mixing
in “promise” movie is 56 data, 34 or 60,8% data belong to insertion, 19 or 33,9 %
data belong to alternation, and 3 or 5,3% data belong to congruent lexicalization. On
the category of insertion, there are 3 types of insertion such as 23 (41,1 %) data
belong to insertion of word, 10 (17,9 % ) data belong to insertion of phrase, and 1
(1,8% ) data belong to insertion of phrases.
b. Need filling motive and prestige filling motive are motives of using code mixing that
found in “promise”. The total data of code mixing in “promise” movie is 56 data.
There are 3 (5,4%) data belong to need filling motive and 53 (94,6% ) data of prestige
filling motive.

The data were analyzed by using Musyken’s theory for the types of code mixing and
Hocket’s theory for the motives of using code mixing.

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 G. References

Muysken, Pieter. 2000. Bilingual Speech: A Typology of Code-Mixing. Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press.

Hockett, Charles F. 1958. A Course in Modern Linguistics. New York: MacMillan Company.

Jendra, M.I. 2012. Sociolinguistics: Study of Societies‟ Languages. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.

Hidayati, Nur. 2014. “Indonesian - English Code Mixing in Supernova 4 Partikel Novel (2012)
Written By Dee”. Unpublished Research Paper. Surakarta: Muhammadiyah University.

Abdurrohman, Mukhammad K. 2019. An analysis of code mixing used in the movie “cek toko
sebelah”. Salatiga: State Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN).

Yuliana, Nana. 2015. Code-mixing and code-switching of Indonesian celebrities: a comparative

study. Jakarta selatan: Nasional University.

Rismawati, Rizki D. 2016. English and Indonesian code-mixing in novel “marriage of

convenience” (a sosiolinguistic perspective). Surakarta: Muhammad University.

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Grosjean, F. 1982. Life with two language. An introduction to bilingualism. Cambridge,MA:
Harvard University Press.

Khris Setya, Josep Wibi. 2016. The Analysis Of Code-Mixing Used In “Marmut Merah Jambu”
By Raditya Dika. Salatiga: UKSW Salatiga

Hairennisa, Hany. 2018. Code Mixing In Students’ Whatsapp (Wa) Chat At Eight Semester of
English Study Program at State Islamic Of University Raden Intan Lampung. Lampung: UIN
Raden Intan Lampung

APPENDICES

NO Utterance Types of code-mixing

1. Yaelah Man, namanya juga Playboy Insertion of word
2. Rahman, Rahman Please, Rahman stop. Insertion of word
3. Tapi ini bukan DVD Rahman, Pak Congruent Lexicalization
4. HP kamu rusak ya? Pantesan tadi kamu pakai Congruent Lexicalization
telpon umum
5. Kamu kenapa nggak ganti HP sih. Dah rusak Congruent Lexicalization
gitu
6. Come on, man. Please. Aku tuh kenal banget Insertion of phrase
sama kamu. Mana pernah sih kamu nanya
tentang aku.
7. Kamu bilang Moza itu sahabat kamu? Nggak Insertion of phrase
mungkinlah man, come on.
8. Smile, happy happy, oke. Insertion of word
9. Ya. bye, Moza. Insertion of word
10. Akhirnya kamu keluar dari kandang kamu. Insertion of word
ngeliat dunia yang lebih luas. Tapi, kok bisa
gitu, how?
11. Tapi aku mau nanya nih, why Milan? Insertion of word

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12. Udah, sama? Sama dia, Ha? Hahaha Sorry. Insertion of word
13. Mana mungkinlah yang namanya laki-laki Alternation
sama perempuan tinggal jauh dari rumah dan
mereka sahabatan doang. Ini pasti ada sesuatu
yang lebih lah man. Come on get out of here.
14. Welcome to my office, kamu lihat man. Alternation
15. Aku dikasih kepercayaan ya untuk memegang Insertion of phrase
photo agency yang terbesar di Milan. This is
the biggest in Milano.
16. Aku ini kayaknya udah merasa hidup ini harus Insertion of word
udah settle ya….
17. …..Pengen nyari yang The One. Insertion of phrase
18. Aku disini udah semua ada. You drink? Alternation
19. Ini nih bukan Jogja, ini Milan. Kamu tuh Insertion of phrase
paling susah diajak asik asik deh. Ayo, come
on.
20. Apa? culun? You know what? Rahman itu Alternation
selalu bilang ke aku kalau kamu itu sahabat
terbaiknya dia.
21. Hei, Can I have your number? Maksudnya Alternation
ya aku bisa ya, you know aku bisa orbitin
jadi model kaya mereka mereka semua
22. … Ini semua berawal dari nothing.. Insertion of word
23. …sekarang menjadi something. And you, Insertion of word
look at you.
24. Kamu itu ya terlalu serius hidupnya, it’s a fun Alternation
job.
25. Kalau sekarang aku dikasih pilihan, aku pilih Alternation
kemewahan kaya kamu atau kesederhanaan
kaya Rahman, aku akan tetap pilih Rahman
karena aku yakin dia akan setia sama aku dan
akan selalu cinta sama aku, unlike you.
26. Kamu mau aku ngasih tau kamu? Oke, To Insertion of phrase
start off, tadi kamu bilang kamu udah capek
sama semua cewek…..

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27. ….dan kamu pengen cari The One… Insertion of phrase

28. …tapi barusan kamu minta nomor telepon Alternation

aku. What’s that suppose mean?...

29. Moza moza, kamu tuh sok romantis banget Alternation

jadi orang, jangan terlalu serius deh. Kamu
santai aja. Life is, is for fun.
30. He, jangan lupa loh ya, entar malam Dinner Insertion of word
loh.
31. Aku udah booking. Insertion of word
32. Eh Moza, mau ikut ikut aja. Just come, ikut Alternation
aja kalau mau ikut ikut aja.
33. Guys, pokoknya disini kalian pesan aja apa Insertion of word
yang kalian mau ya, semua yang ada di menu.
34. Bentar ya bentar bentar. Hei, Don’t be shy. Alternation
35. Za, Please-lah senyumlah sedikit Insertion of hybrid
36. Oke, babe kenalin ini teman aku dulu kita Insertion of word
sama-sama di Jogja
37. Man, come on kenalin. Insertion of phrase
38. Kalian udah pada pesan belom? You hungry? Alternation
39. Ah wait, wait, wait kalau makan nih ya, kalau Insertion of word
makanan disini yang paling terkenal tuh ya…
40. Oh ya, Bye the way ngomong soal keju, Insertion of phrase
Rahman tuh alergi sama keju….
41. Gimana menurut kamu man? Kanya? Perfect Insertion of word
nggak buat jadi istri aku…
42. I wish, aku sih berharapnya gitu. Alternation
43. Oke, kita kesana sekarang. Shall we? Alternation
44. Well, kita ngobrol banyak tadi…. Insertion of word
45. …. Terus karena aku nggak mau membebani Insertion of word
papa aku, aku pilih untuk homeschooling ..
46. …dan kerja part-time. Ya jadi aku harus Insertion of phrase
tinggal mandiri di Milan.
47. Well, bagus deh kalo gitu. Jadi aku nggak Insertion of word
perlu capek capek untuk ngejelasin.
48. Kan kamu nggak punya HP…. Insertion of word

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49. Lagi baca chat dari kamu Insertion of word
50. I know….! Maksudnya kamu ngapain Alternation
sebelum aku chat.
51. Hot green tea nggak pake gula kan? Alternation
52. Astaga man. Kamu mau dinner atau mau jadi Insertion of word
pagar bagus kawinan sih?
53. Aku lihat Rahman bahagia kaya gitu ya, Alternation
buatku lebih bahagia daripada semua
kesuksesan yang berhasil aku raih. That’s my
friend.
54. Ternyata Rahman benar, aku cuman perlu Alternation
kenal kamu lebih dekat. Cause you know
what? You’re not that bad after all.
55. Tapi kamu juga harus janji bahwa kita akan Insertion of word
selalu bersama sampai maut memisahkan,
promise!
56. Nih, hot green tea nggak pake gula kan. Alternation

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