$

DESIGN CRITERIA
ER
ERIA

GUIDE TO METRIC
C (SI) UNIT OF MEASUREMENT
MEASURE

PRG.GG.NRM
PRG.GG.NRM.0001

Rev.
Rev 01

May 1994

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Sheet 2 (17)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. GENERAL 3
1.1 Scope and field of application 3
1.2 Reference documents 3

A
2. MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS 4
2.1 International System (SI) 4
2.2 Definition of the base units of the SI measurement
surement
urement system 16

ZZ
BO

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1. GENERAL

1.1 Scope and field of application

The purpose of the present document is to:

a) Define the units of measurement that must be used within ithin

thin the company for representing the

A
numerical value of the described physical quantity, y, prefixes for identifying multiples and
submultiples, and the conversion factors for converting the most common units of
measurement of the Anglo-Saxon and technical ical systems into those of the IInternational
nical
System of Units (SI) to make utilization uniform
rm within the company.
co

b) Implement the general regulations off Presidential Decree No. 802 of 12 Aug August 1 1982,
°80/181
"Implementation of EEC Directive N°80/181 181 concerning units of measurement".
bliges
liges the company
The implementation of this law obliges company to use the
t International
International
nal System
Syste of Units
ZZ
(SI) for the drawing up of all documents
It is considered that the same
company documents.
The selection of other systems
should be made during
project.
ocuments
cuments relating to items used in Italy.
ame system should
should also be e utilized for the drawing

systems of units of measurement for project

uring
ring the BEDD (Basic
(Bas Engineering
Engineering Design
d
dra

project documents,
p
esign Data)
doc
do
up of all

if allowable,
Data definition phase of the

1.2 References

ational Standard ISO 1000-81

International
ternational
ernational System of Units
International Units (SI), CNR-UNI 10003
10003, February 1984
API Publ. 2564, Second Edition, De cember
mber 198
December 1980, Reconfirmed October 1992.
ASTM Designation: E 380-93
BO

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 $ PRG.GG.NRM.0001

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Sheet 4 (17)

2. MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS

The internationally recognized measurement system, now imposed d by law in industrialized

ed industrializ
countries, is the International System (SI).
The International System is a coherent system in which there is a one-to-one
ne-to-one correspond
correspondence
between the basic units.
A one newton force accelerates a mass of one kilogram att one metre per second per second. A

A
one pascal pressure is produced by a one newton force e acting on a square metre. A one watt
ce
power is produced by one joule of energy in one second.ond.
nd.
All forms of energy, whether electrical, chemical orr mechanical are expressed in joules.
joule
Any confusion between force and mass is avoided ded by the use of separate and diffe
different units for
force (N, newton) and mass (kg, kilogram).
The number of significant digits retained shoul d be such that accuracy is neither
should her exaggerated
ex
exagge
ZZ nor sacrificed.

2.1 International System (SI)

nsists
sists of base
The International System consists ase units, derived units and supplemen
supplement
supplementary units.

2.1.1 Base units

There are seven base units in the SI system

stem (Table 2.1.1.a.),
.), from which
w the majority of the other
d.
units are derived.

.1.a – SI base units

Table 2.1.1.a

Quantity Unit
nit of measurement
meas Symbol
Length
ngth m
metre
me m
Time
me second
s s
BO

Mass
ass kilogram kg
Quantity
antity of matter mole mol
Temperature
perature kelvin K
Electrical
cal current
curre ampere A
Luminous intensity candela cd

2.1.2 Supplemen
Supplementary units

The SI system includ

includes two additional, purely geometric units, which are called supplementary
units (Table 2.1.2.a.).
ble 2.
2.1.2.a
They are the u units of measurement for the plane angle, the radian (rad), and the unit of
measurement
suremen for the solid angle, the steradian (sr). These supplementary units can be used in
combination
mbinatio with the base or derived units of measurement to give other derived units, for
combinatio
exampl angular speed in radians per second (rad/s) and angular acceleration in radians per
example
second squared (rad/s2).
seco
secon

Table 2.1.2.a – Supplementary units of measurement (SI)

Quantity Unit of measurement Symbol

Plane angle radian rad
Solid angle steradian sr

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2.1.3 Derived units

Derived units are expressed algebraically in terms of base units by means of

o the mathematical
mathemat
symbols for multiplication and division.
Many derived units have been given their own names and symbols, s, which can be use
used to
express other derived units in a simpler manner than with the base units (Table 2.1.3.a. and
Table 2.1.3.b.).

A
easureme
easurement
Table 2.1.3.a. – Examples of derived SI units of measurement

Quantity Unitt of measurem

measurement Symbol
Sy
Area and/or surface square metre m2
Volume and/or volumetric capacity cubic metre m3
Linear speed metres per second
cond m
m/
m/s
ZZ Density

Table 2.1.3.b – Examples

s of derived SI un

Quantity
uni
units
kilograms per cubic m

ts of measurement
metre

ment with their own name

Unit of
Un
measurement
easu
Symbol
mbol
kg/m3

Expression in terms
of SI base units
Frequency her
hertz H
Hz 1/s
Force newt
newton N kg˜m/s2
Pressure (tension)(1)
sure (tens pascal Pa (N/m2) kg/(m˜s2)
Energy,
nergy,
ergy, w
work and heat oule(2)
joule J kg˜m2/s2
Power
wer watt W kg˜m2/s3
kg˜m2/(s3˜A)
BO
Electric
ectric potential vo
volt V
Electric
ctric rresistance ohm : kg˜m2/(s3˜A2)
Quantity
ntity of e
electricity coulomb C A˜s
Electric conductan
conductance siemens S A˜s3/(kg˜m2)
Electric capacitance farad F A2˜s4/(kg˜m2)
Magnetic fflux density (m
(magnetic weber Wb kg˜m2/(A˜s2)
induction)
Magnetic
c bia
bias tesla T kg/(A˜s2)
(magnetic
tic ind
induct
induction)
Inductance
ctance henry H kg˜m2/(A2˜s2)
Luminous
uminou flux lumen lm cd˜sr
Illumination
Illum
Illumin lux lx cd˜sr/m2

Notes:
(1) The electric potential is defined in the appendix (explanations and notes) of the document
“International System of Units (SI), CNR-UNI 10003", February 1984.
(2) The unit of measurement for energy (joule) should be understood as referring to “joule
(absolute)", which should not be confused with the "joule (international)” unit of
measurement.

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2.1.4 Other allowable units

There are units of measurement that are not strictly part of the SI measurement
measurem system, b
but
measure
which are adopted because they are widely used together with SI units of measurement. The
units of measurement that can be used within the SI context are listed
ed in reference document
docu
CNR-UNI 10003 of February 1984.
Some examples are provided in Table 2.1.4.a.

A
Table 2.1.4.a – Examples of units of measurementt allowed by SI

Quantity Unit of Symbol

Sym Expression
essio in terms
measurement
ement of SII base units
Time ar(1)
year 1) a
day d
ZZ Pressure
Temperature
Mass
hour
minut
minute
bar
degree
egree Celsius
tonne
nne
h
min
bar
°C
t
1 E+05
K – 273.15
1 E+03
Pa

kg
Volume litre
e dm3 1 E-03 m3

Notes:
(1) The year is not permitted by the SI system,
system, wwhereas it is recognized by the American
wh
solar days.
Petroleum Institute and is equivalent to 365 so

2.1.5 ts of measurement to be utilized

Units
BO

To avoid discrepancies, when more than one unit of measurement can be used for the most
common
mon quantities, those to be u utilized
utiliz in company documents, except for special project
requirements, are
a indicated
indicated in
n Table 2.1.5.a.

Table 2.1.5.a.
Units of measurement to be
b utilized in-house for commonly used quantities

QUANTITY UNIT OF MEASUREMENT

x Temperature
mpera °C
x Pressure
ressur Pa, kPa, MPa (1)
x Pres
Press
Pressure drop Pa, kPa, MPa (1)
x T
Tension N/m2, N/mm2 (1)
x Mass kg, t (1)
x Length m, mm (1)
x Relative density dimensionless, for gases and vapours relative
to air at 0°C and 101.325 kPa, for liquids
relative to water at 4°C

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Table 2.1.5.a. (continuation)

QUANTITY UNIT OF MEASUREMENT

EMENT
x Density flowing at T and P (2) kg/m3
x Linear mass kg/m
x Mass flow rate kg/s

A
x Volumetric flow rate (2) (3) m3/ss (see conditions)
co
x Standard conditions 15.0°C, 101.325
101.3 kPa
x Normal conditions 0°C, 101.325 kPa
x Enthalpy per mass unit kg (1)
J/kg, kJ/kg
x Heat exchanged per unit time W (1)
W, kW, MW
x
x
x
x
ZZ Power
Fouling factor
ficient
Thermal conductivity
ctivity
ity
cient
Heat Transfer coefficient
W, kW, MW (1)
m2˜K/W
W/(m2˜K)
W/(m˜K)
x Electrical resistivity
esistivity :˜m
x Specific
c volume m3/kg
x ynamic
namic volume
Dynamic Pa
Pa˜s, mPa˜s (1)
Pa˜˜s, m
x Kinematic viscosity
Kinem m2//s, mm2/s (1)
x Surf
Surface tension N/m, mN/m (1)
x J/(kg˜K), kJ/(kg˜K), J/kg, kJ/kg (1)
BO
Specific heat, latent heat
x Speed m/s
x Force
orce N, kN, MN, mN (1)
x Torque N˜m

Notes:
(1) The
he cho
choice of u
units depends upon the field of application.
(2) The
e temperature
tem
temper and pressure conditions at which the flow is calculated must always be
specifie (at t = ... °C and p = ... kPa).
specified
(3)) For low
lo flow rates (less than 0.5 m3/s), dm3/s or cm3/s are used.
(4) I is incorrect to add letters to the symbol of a unit of measurement to clarify the nature of
It
the measured quantity. Thus, writing kJt to indicate thermal energy is not acceptable. For
the same reason, kPag cannot be written to indicate a gage pressure. Where necessary,
the working pressure should be qualified in a suitable manner. For example: "....... at a
gage pressure of 10 kPa" or "......at an absolute pressure of 125 kPa". If the pressure is
not specified as above, it should be understood as absolute. Where space for writing is
limited, e.g. on pressure gages, data tags, etc., it is permitted to use the symbol followed
by the terms "rel" or "a" enclosed in round parentheses for documents written in Italian, or

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"ga" or "abs", always enclosed in round parentheses, for documents

nts written in English.
Example: kPa (ga).

2.1.6 Multiples and submultiples of units of measurement

The prefixes used by the SI units for multiples and submultiples

ples are indicated
dicated in Table 2.1.6.a..
o be measured (those that represent
The use of prefixes that are appropriate for the quantity to

A
factors divisible by the power of three are preferable) makes it possible to keep numeric values
within a convenient range, (0.1÷1 000).

rement
ement
Table 2.1.6.a – Prefixes for SI units of measurement

Symbol Prefi
Prefix Factor
ctor
E Exa 1 E+18
18
P peta 1 E+15
ZZ T
G
M
k
h
da
tera
giga
mega
kilo
etto
deca
1 E+1
1E
E+
E+12
E+09
1 E+06
1 E+03
1 E+02
1 E+01
d deci 1 E-01
c centi 1 E-02
m milli 1 E-03
P micro 1 E-06
n nano 1 E-09
p pico 1 E-12
f fe
femto
fem 1 E-15
BO
a atto 1 E-18

2.1.7
7 Use of litera
literal symbols

Special care must be taken regard

regarding upper and lower-case letters when using symbols.

K = Kelvin stands for: temperature

k = kkilo stands for: 103
M = mega
m stands for: 106
m = milli
m stands for: 10-3 (when used as a prefix)
m = m
metre (when used on its own)
N = newton stands for: force
n = nano stands for: 10-9

With compound units of measurement that include a symbol that is also a prefix symbol, care
Wit
must be taken to avoid confusion.
For example, the newton metre used to measure bending moments must be written as N˜m to
avoid confusion with mN, the millinewton.

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2.1.8 Writing rules

The names of all SI units, their multiples and submultiples are common
on nouns and the first let
letter
must be lower-case.
The names of all SI units remain unchanged in the plural, with the e exception of the metre,
m
kilogram, second, candela, mole, radian, steradian and allll the derived
ved units in which they
appear.

A
The same applies to the multiples and submultiples of SI units.
units

eral
ral rules must be followed:
In texts, especially printed ones, the following general

x if accompanying a measurement, the unit iss normally expressed

expres bol, wr
by its symbol, written:
- in Roman (upright) type
- not followed by a dot
resenting
esenting the measurement and in line with it
- after the numeric value representing
ZZ
x if not accompanying a measurement,

lists.

x in drawings, diagrams
rams
surement,
urement, th
sibility,
the unit must be expressed
bility, however
its symbol, with the possibility, however, of ex

ms and numeric tables

ith just the symbol.
be indicated with
ceptions in
exceptions

tables, a uni
xpressed with its na
n the case of fo

unitt common to a num

for
nam
name and not with
formulas and symbol

number of numeric values can

or a multiple or submultiple of a unit

The symbol for unit is written by
b placing the prefix symbol before
ymbol, without a space in between.
the unit symbol,

The symbol for a derived unit that is the product off two or more units is written by inserting a
entred
red multiplication dot between the symbols of the
centred t component units.
The symbol for a derived unit that is the quotie
quotient of other units is written by inserting the slash
division
sion sign between the symbol of theth numerator
nume and that of the denominator.
BO

For derived units that are both the p produc

product and quotient of other units, the preceding rules are
applied,
ed, in all cases avoiding forms of
o writing
w that can give rise to uncertainty.
The separation between the decim decimal and integer parts of a number must be indicated using a
comma for documents written in Italian
Ita and a decimal point for documents written in English.
Digits indicating a numeric value must be separated by spaces into groups of three.
To indicate the power of a numeric
n
nu value, the E term followed by a "+" or "-" sign and two digits
is used. The rule derives frfrom the use of calculators that cannot handle powers.

2.1.9
.9 fa
Conversion factors

The conversion
conversi factors or formulas for the more frequently used units of measurement are
specified Table 2.1.9.a.
cified in T
In order tto obtain the expression of the numeric value of a physical quantity in terms of
unit B
B, it is necessary to multiply the numeric value expressing the quantity in terms of
unit A by the conversion factor.
T
Th
The complete list of conversion factors is specified in the SIT company program. For this reason,
the person in charge of updating the content of the present document shall also be responsible
for managing the equivalent table within SIT.

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 $ PRG.GG.NRM.0001

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Sheet 10 (17)

Table 2.1.9.a – Conversion factors

Unit A Unit B Conversion

rsion fac
factor
Length and distance
in M 2.54 E
E-02
ft M 3.048 E-0
E-01

A
nautical mile M 1.852 E+03
mile (intern.) M 1.609 344 E+03
angstrom M 1.0 E-10
10
yard (yd) m 9.144 E-01
chain m 2.0 684
2.011 E+01
01
ZZ rod
fathom
mil
Area
In2
m
m
m

m2
5.029 210
1.828 804
2.54

6.451 6
E 00
E0
00
E-05

E-04
ft2 m2 9.
9.290 304
9.2 E-02
mile2 (intern.) m2 2.589 988 E-06
acre m2 4.046 873 E+03
hectare
e m2 1.0 E+04
yd2 m2 8.361 274 E-01
BO

chain2 m2 4.046 873 E+02

rod2 m2 2.529 295 E+01
Volu
Volume
in3 m3 1.638 706 E-05
ft3 m3 2.831 685 E-02
SCF (US) (gas) m3 (standard) 2.826 236 E-02
SCF (US) (gas) m3 (normal) 2.679 112 E-02
gallon (US) (liquid)
liquid) m3 3.785 412 E-03
gallon (UK) (liqu
(liquid)
(liquid m3 4.546 092 E-03
gallon (Can.) (liquid) m3 4.546 090 E-03
pint (US) ((liquid) m3 4.731 765 E-04
pint ((UK)
U (liquid) m3 5.682 615 E-04
barrel (US 42 gal.) m3 1.589 873 E-01
m3 (standard) m3 (normal) 9.479 437 E-01

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 $ PRG.GG.NRM.0001

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Sheet 11 (17)

Table 2.1.9.a – Conversion factors (continued)

Unit A Unit B Conversion

rsion fac
factor
Plane angle
sexagesimal degree rad 1.745 329 E
E-02

A
minute rad 2
2.908 882 E-0
E-04
second rad 4
4.848 137 E-06
Time
minute (average solar) s 6.0 E+01
hour (average solar) s 3.6 E+03
day (average solar) s 8.64 E+04
ZZ year (365 solar days)
Speed
In/sec
Ft/sec
m
s

m/s
m/
m/s
3.153 6

2.54
3.048
E+07
E+0

E-02
E-01
mile/h km/h 1.6
1.609 344 E 00
rev/min (rpm) rad/s 1.047 198 E-01
knot km/h 1.852 E 00
Acceleration
eration
ation
s2
ft/s m/s2 3.048 E-01
BO

g (acceleration
eration of gravity) m/s2
m 9.806 650 E 00
In/s2 m/s2 2.54 E-02
Force
kg
g forc
force N 9.806 650 E 00
pound N 4.448 222 E 00
dina N 1.0 E-05
US tonf (2000 lbf) N 8.896 443 E+03
UK tonf (2240 lbf
lbf) N 9.964 016 E+03
Frequency
cycle/sec Hz 1.0 E 00
rpm Hz 1.666 667 E-02
rpm rad/s 1.047 198 E-01

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Sheet 12 (17)

Table 2.1.9.a – Conversion factors (continued)

Unit A Unit B Conversion

rsion fac
factor
Pressure
bar Pa 1.0 E
E+05

A
Atm Pa 1
1.013 250 E+0
E+05
kgf/cm2 Pa 9
9.806 650 E+04
Torr = mm Hg (0°C) Pa 1.333 220 E+02
inch Hg (60°F) Pa
a 3.376 85 E+03
mm H20 (4°C) Pa 9.806 38
9.8 E 00
inch H20 (4°C) Pa 2.490 82 E+02
ZZ Ft H20 (4°C)
psi
psi/100 ft (pressure drop)
Temperature
Pa
P
Pa
Pa/m
2.988 984
6.89 757
6.894 57
2.262 059
E+03
E
E+03
E+02

°F °C 5/9
5/9·(°F-32)
°F K 5/9·(°F+459.67)
°R (Rankine)
e) °C 5/9°·R -273.15
°R K 5/9°·R
K °C
°C K - 273.15
BO

Mass
pound kg 4.535 924 E-01
USton (Short ton) (2 0
000 lbs) kg 9.071 847 E+02
UKton (Long ton) (2 240 lbs) kg 1.016 047 E+03
Tonne
onne (metric) kg 1.0 E+03
grain (1/7 000 lb) kg 6.479 891 E-05

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Sheet 13 (17)

Table 2.1.9.a – Conversion factors (continued)

Unit A Unit B Conversion

rsion fac
factor
Density - Volumetric Concentration
lb/ft3 kg/m3 (g/l) 1.601 846 E
E+01
kg/m3 (g/l)

A
lb/gal (US) (liq.) 1.198 264 E+02
E+0
lb/gal (UK) (liq.) kg/m3 (g/l) 9.977 633 E+01
grain/gal (US) (liq.) kg/m3 (g/l)
/l)) 1.711 806 E-02
grain/100 SCF (US) (gas) kg/m3 (norm.)
norm.) 2.418 671 E-05
grain/ft3 (liq.) g/m3
kg/m 2.288 352
2.2 E-03
lb/mol kg
kg/kmol 4.5 924
4.535 E-01
-01
ZZ ppm (wt)
grain/lb
Flow
ft3/min
kg/kg
kg
kg/kg

m3/s
1.0
1.42 571
1.428 71

4.719 4
474
E-06
E
E-04

E-04
lb/h kg/
kg/s 1.2
1.25
1.259 979 E-04
gpm (US) (gall/min.)
/min.)
min.) m3/s 6.309 020 E-05
MMSCF/d (US) (gas
(gas) m3 (normal)/s
normal)/s 3.100 824 E-01
MMbarrels/d
rels/d
ls/d m3/s 1.840 131 E 00
Specific
pecific
c vol
volume
BO

ft3/lb m3/kg 6.242 796 E-02

Stdft3/lb mol (gas
(gas) (US) m3(std.)/kmol 6.230 783 E-02
ft3/lb mol (liq.) m3/kmol 6.242 797 E-02
Relative
elative density
°API
API kg/m3 999.0·141.5/(131.5+°API)

°Baumé (liquids lig

lighter tha
than water) kg/m3 999.0·140/(130+°Bé)

°Baumé (liquids
uids hea
h
heavier than water) kg/m3 999.0·145/(145-°Bé)

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Sheet 14 (17)

Table 2.1.9.a – Conversion factors (continued)

Unit A Unit B Conversion

rsion fac
factor
Energy and heat
kWh J 3.6 E
E+06

A
hph J 2
2.684 520 E+0
E+06
CV˜h J 2.647 796 E+06
Btu(1) J 1.
1.055 056 E+03
+03
lbf˜ft J 1.355 818 E 00
kgf˜m J 9.8 650
9.806 E 00
kcal(2) J 4.184 E+03
ZZ kcal (international)
Btu (thermochemistry)
Calorific value
Btu/lb
J
J

J/k
J/kg
4.186 8
1.054 35

2.326
E+03
E
E+03

E+03
kcal/kg J/k
J/kg 4.1
4.184 E+03
Btu/lb mol J/kmol 2.326 E+03
Btu/gal J/m3 2.787 163 E+05
Btu/ft3 J/m3 3.725 895 E+04
Btu/SCF
u/SCF
F (US
(US) (gas) J 3 (stand
J/m (standard)
stand 3.733 078 E+04
BO

Specific
c heat
Btu/(lb˜°F)) J/(kg˜°C) 4.186 8 E+03
˜°C)
kcal/(kg˜°C)
kcal/(
kcal/(kg J/(kg˜°C) 4.184 E+03
Btu/(lb
tu/(lb mol˜°F)
mol˜°F) J/(kmol˜°C) 4.186 8 E+03
cal/(kmol˜˜°C)
kcal/(kmol˜°C)
kcal/(kmol J/(kmol˜°C) 4.184 E+03
Resil
Resilience
˜m
kgf˜m
k
kgf J 9.806 650 E 00
lbf˜ft J 1.355 818 E 00
Notes:
(1) This unit should be understood as referring to "Btu (international)"
T
(2)
(2 This unit should be understood as referring to "kcal (thermochemistry)"

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Sheet 15 (17)

Table 2.1.9.a – Conversion factors (continued)

Unit A Unit B Conversion

rsion fac
factor
Power
kcal/h W 1.162 222 E 00

A
Btu/h W 2
2.930 711 E-0
E-01
hp (electr.) W 7.46 E+02
erg/s W 1.
1.0 E-07
-07
tons refrig. W 3.516 853 E+03
hp (550 ft˜lbf/s) W 7.4 999
7.456 E+02
CV W 7.3 990
7.354 E+02
+02
ZZ lbf˜ft/s
Heat exchange coefficient
Btu/(h˜ft2˜°F)
kcal/(h˜m2˜°C)
W

W/(m2˜K)
W/(m2˜K)
1.355 818

5.678 263
2
1.162 222
E 00

E 00
E 00
Thermal resistance
ce
ft2˜h˜°F/Btu m2˜˜K/W
K/
K/W 1.761 102 E-01
m2˜h˜°C/kcal
al m2˜˜K/W
K/W 8.604 208 E-01
Thermal
mal conductivity
cond
Btu/(h˜ft˜°F)
tu/(h˜ft˜°F)
°F) W/(m
W/(m˜K)
K 1.730 735 E 00
BO

m˜°C)
kcal/(h˜m˜°C)
kcal/(h˜m W/(m˜K)
W/ 1.162 222 E 00
Heat flow
H
Btu/(h˜ft2)
Btu/(h W/m2 3.154 591 E 00
al/(h˜m2)
kcal/(h˜m
kcal/(h W/m2 1.162 222 E 00
Surface tension
lbf/ft N/m 1.459 390 E+01
dyn/cm N/m 1.0 E-03
Illumination
footcandle lx 1.076 391 E+01
footcandle˜second
otcand
otcand lx˜s 1.076 391 E+01
footLambert cd/m2 3.426 259 E 00
Lambert cd/m2 3.180 399 E+03

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 $ PRG.GG.NRM.0001

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Sheet 16 (17)

Table 2.1.9.a – Conversion factors (continued)

Unit A Unit B Conversion

rsion fac
factor
Dynamic viscosity
lbf˜s/ft2 Pa˜s 4.788 026 E
E+01
kgf˜s/m2

A
Pa˜s 9.806 650 E0
00
centipoise Pa˜s 1.0 E-03
Kinematic viscosity
ft2/s m2/s 9.290 304 E-02
ZZ centistoke m2/s 1.0 E-06
Torque
lbf˜in N ˜m
N˜m 1.129 848 E-0
E-01
lbf˜ft N ˜m
N˜m 1.355 818 E 00
kgf˜m N ˜m
N˜m 9.806 650 E 00
Corrosion rate
mils/yr mm
mm/a 2
2.
2.54 E-02
in/yr mm/
mm/a 2.54 E+01
Momentum
um
m
lb˜ft/s
s kg˜
kg ˜m/s
kg˜m/s 1.382 550 E-01
Momentt of iinertia
BO

in4 mm4 4.162 314 E-07

f2
lb˜ft
lb kg˜m2 4.214 011 E-02

2.2 Definition of the fundame

fundamental quantities of the SI measurement system
fundamen

2.2.1 Metre
Me

The length eqequal to 1 650 763.73 wavelengths in vacuum of the radiation corresponding to the
transition
on betw
betwe
between levels 2p10 and 5d5 of the krypton 86 atom.

2.2
2.2.2 Kilogram

This is the mass unit; it is equal to the mass of the international prototype of the kilogram kept at
This
the Pavillon de Breteuil (Sevres).
th

2.2.3 Second

This is the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition
between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of caesium 133 atom.

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Sheet 17 (17)

2.2.4 Ampere

That constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors

nductors of infinite
infinit length, of
m, would
negligible circular cross-section, and placed 1 m apart in vacuum, uld produce between these
t
conductors a force equal to 2 E-7 N per metre of length.

A
2.2.5 Kelvin

Equal to 1/273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature ure

re of the triple point of water.
In addition to the thermodynamic temperature ure
e unit, the Celsius temperature unit (°C) is
frequently used. The Celsius temperature (t) iss connected to the thermodynamic tem temperature ((T)
by the following relation: t = T-273.15 K.

2.2.6 Mole
ZZ
2.2.7
This is the amount of substance
are atoms in 0.012 kg of carbon
The elementary entities must
specified group of such

Candela
bon
e of a system that contains as many elementary entities as there
on 12.
ust be specified a
h particles
particles.
and may be atoms, ions, electrons, etc., or
s, molecules, iio

The luminousus intensity, in a given direction, o

of a source
ce that eemits a monochromatic radiation of
frequencyy 540 E+12 Hz and that has a radiant
radian intensity
intensity
nsity in that
th direction of 1/683 W/sr.

2.2.8 ian
an
Radian

The plane angle between two radii of a circle w

wh
which cut off on the circumference an arc equal in
gth to the radius.
length
BO

2.9
2.2.9 Steradian
adian

The solid angle that, having its ver

vertex in the centre of a sphere, cuts off an area of the surface of
the sphere equal to that of a square
squ with sides of equal length to the radius of the sphere.

Revision Memorandum

October
er 1989 First issue
May
ay 1994 Revision 1
Sections 1.1, 1.2, 2.1 and 2.2 modified

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