PARVOVIRUS  Most common involved joints are the knee

and hands
 Smallest DNA (single stranded) virus  (+) IgG antibodies appear 15 days postinfection
 The same size with circoviridae
 Icosahedral & naked Transient Aplastic Crisis
 Resistant to ether, stable between pH 3-9, & withstand  Complicates chronic hemolytic anemia (e.g., sickle cell
heating at 56 oC for 60 minutes disease, thalassemia)
o Implication: plasma derived clotting factors can be o Shortened life span of erythrocytes
contaminated and must be screened for B19 DNA  May occur after bone marrow transplantation
 Inactivated by the following:  Definition: abrupt cessation of RBC synthesis & (-)
o Formalin erythroid precursor in the bone marrow
o Oxidizing agents  Symptoms occur during the viremic phase of infection
o β-propiolactone
 Coat proteins: (identical in their carboxy portion) Pure Red Cell Aplasia
o VPI  Does not readily establish persistent infection in
o VP2 (major) immunocompetent people
 DNA replication  Occur in immunocompromised patients
o Requires NS1  Chronic bone marrow suppression  chronic anemia
o Infects dividing cells only  Antibody may not be found  viral DNA must be
o Cellular receptor: P antigen (globoside) detected
 Mature erythrocytes  Dependent on blood transfusion and ameliorated by
 Erythroid progenitors commercial immunoglobulin preparations
 Megakaryocytes
 Endothelial cells Hydrops Fetalis
 Placenta  Source of maternal infection: mother’s older child
 Fetal heart & liver  Fetal Death In Utero
o Coreceptor: α5β1 o Due to severe anemia
th
 Transmission: o Before the 20 week of pregnancy
o Respiratory route
o Blood secretions ADENOVIRUS
o Vertical transmission (30%)
 Icosahedral, naked, & resistant to ether
HUMAN INFECTIONS  Linear & double stranded DNA
 A virus encoded protein is linked to each 5’ end of the
Erythema infectious (Fifth Disease) linear genome
 Most common o Primer for initiation of replication
 Occurs in children and adults o Reduced relative infectivity if removed by proteolysis
o Children: slapped cheek appearance  Polypeptide VII: core protein structure
o Adult: prominence of joint involvement  Antigens: (capsomeres)
 Incubation period: 1-3 weeks o Fiber (unique in adenovirus)
 Viremia  Attached to penton bases (unique in adenovirus)
o Occurs 1 week postinfection  (+) hemagglutinating activity
o Site of viral shedding: pharynx  Viral attachment to host cell
o Persist for 5 days o Penton bases
 Phases of illness:  Occur in 12 vertices
o First phase  Function:
 Coincides with viremia, reticulocytopenia, &  Rapid appearance of cytopathic effects
(+) IgM-parvovirus immune complexes (present (marked rounding, enlargement, and
for 2-3 months postinfection) aggregation of affected cells into grape like
 (+) Constitutional symptoms clusters)
o Second phase  Detachment of cells from the surface on which
 Occurs after 17 days of first phase they are growing
 Symptoms: erythematous facial rash, lacelike  Serotyping
rash on the limb or trunk, & joint symptoms  Adsorption (upon binding with integrin)
 Rash fades after 2-4 days
 o Hexons
 All human adenovirus display common hexon
antigenicity
 Group A adenovirus
o Strongest oncogenic type
o Types 12,18, & 31
o Has the lowest GC content in their DNA at 48-49%
 All of the human adenovirus are classified in the
Mastadenovirus genus
 Replicate well only in cells of epithelial in origin
 Early events
o Steps that occur before the onset of viral DNA
synthesis
o Purpose:
 Induce the host cell to enter the S phase
 Create conditions conducive for replication
o Proteins:
 E1A – modulation of cell cycle
 E1B – block apoptosis  prevent premature cell
death
 E1B + E4 – facilitates accumulation of viral
mRNA
 E3 – inhibit cytolysis of infected cells by host
responses
 Block MHC Class I to the cell surface
 Block TNF-α
o Late events begin concomitantly with the onset of
viral DNA synthesis
 Produces scaffold protein
 L1 – DNA encapsidation
 L4 – assist in hexon polypeptide aggregation
 Eclipse period: time between infection and the first
appearance of progeny virus
 Species C adenovirus establish latent infections in tonsils
and adenoids of children, predominantly in T
lymphocytes
 Most human adenovirus replicate in intestinal epithelium
after ingestion but usually produced subclinical
infection, except serotype 40 and 41

Disease Type
Upper respiratory tract 1,2, & 5
infection in CHILDREN
Upper respiratory tract 3,4, & 7
infection in ADULTS
(especially military recruits)
Pneumonia in CHILDREN 3, 7, & 21
Pharyngoconjunctival fever 3&7
(swimming pool
conjunctivitis)
Epidemic 8,19, & 37
keratoconjunctivitis
(shipyard’s eye)
Gastroenteritis 40 & 41
Respiratory disease in 1-7
transplant patients
Acute hemorrhagic cystitis 11 & 21