Heat Transfer: Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University

Heat Transfer
Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical

University
Najaf Technical College
Power Mechanics Department
Third Stage
By Dr. Basil N. Merzah
Cylindrical Wall
A. Solid Cylinder With Energy Generation And Constant Surface Temperature
Consider a long solid cylinder of radius r = R, as

illustrated in Figure. The boundary surface is
maintained at a uniform temperature Tw. There is
energy generation in the solid at a constant rate of
(W/m3), and the thermal conductivity is constant. We
wish to determine the temperature distribution and the
heat flow rate in the solid.
The mathematical formulation of the problem is given by:
( ) 𝗀
B.C.1 at r = 0
B.C.2 at r = R
This problem can be solved by direct integration as we did for the case of the plate
problem. The first integration of equation gives:
or
07/2/2021 Heat transfer (third stage ) by dr. Basil N.Merzah ( Lecture No.6) 3
B.C.1 at r = 0
The application of the (B.C.1) gives
=0
so that
by integration
And the application of the (B.C.2) establishes C2
B.C.2 at r = R
yields the (T.D.E) in the solid cylinder
The temperature at the centerline of the cylinder To ,where r=0, is
The heat flux any where in the medium is determined from its definition,
Introducing the temperature profile equation, we obtain:
Generally, the heat flux at the boundary surfaces is a quantity of practical interest.
07/2/2021 6
Heat transfer (third stage ) by dr. Basil N.Merzah ( Lecture No.6)
B. Solid Cylinder With Energy Generation And Convection.
We consider heat conduction in a solid cylinder of radius r=R with energy generation
at a constant rate of (W/m3), subjected to convection at the outer surface with a heat
transfer coefficient into an ambient at a temperature . The mathematical
formulation of this problem given by:

( ) 𝗀
B.C.1 at r = 0
B.C.2 at r = R
The solution for the temperature distribution T(r) is developed by following the
general procedure described previously.
B.C.1 at r = 0
The application of the (B.C.1) gives
=0
so that
by integration
and the application of the (B.C.2) establishes C2
B.C.2 at r = R
and the application of the boundary condition (B.C.2) gives the integration constant C2 as
𝟐
𝟐
Knowing C2 the temperature distribution T(r) in the cylinder becomes

𝟐 𝟐
C. Hollow Cylinder With Heat Generation And Constant Temperatures
We consider heat conduction in a

hollow cylinder of inner radius r = r1
and outer radius r = r2 with energy
generation at a constant rate of 𝑇
(W/m3), the inner surface subjected to

temperature of T1 and outer surface to
𝑇
temperature T2 shown in figure. The
mathematical formulation of this
problem given by:
( ) 𝗀
B.C.1 at r =
B.C.2 at r =
The integration of equation
The second integration results in:
substituting (B.C.1)
substituting (B.C.2)
By subtract Eq.(a) from Eq.(b) we obtain:
And by substituting C1 in Eq.(a) results in:
substituting C1and C2 into second integration results
It is the (T.D.E) in a hollow cylindrical wall with constant surface temperature
Solid Sphere With Energy Generation And Constant Wall Temperature
We are now concerned with the
problem of steady-state heat conduction
in a solid sphere of radius R, having
constant thermal conductivity k and
uniform energy generation throughout
the volume at a constant rate of
(W/m2). the out side surface is at
constant temperature of Ts. We wish to
determine the (T.D.E) in the sphere.
The mathematical formulation of the problem is given by
Steady-state one – dimensional heat transfer:
in 0 < r < R
B.C.1 at r = 0
B.C.2 at r = R
The first integration of the differential equation
And the application of (B.C.1) yields
B.C.1 at r = 0
The second integration with C1=0 results in
and the application of the (B.C.2) at r=R gives the constant C2 as
so the (T.D.E) becomes
the temperature at the center of the sphere is:
And the heat flux at any radius r is:
And heat flux at the radius R is:
Example
A solid sphere is with constant thermal conductivity k and the outer radius R
and uniform energy generation of (W/m3). The outer surface is exposed to
convection heat transfer with heat transfer coefficient of h, and the ambient
temperature T. (a) write the governing differential equation for this case (b) write
the boundary condition (c) drive the (T.D.E) and (d) find the heat flux at the outer
surface.
Solution
(a)
Steady-state one – dimensional heat transfer:
(b)
B.C.1 at r = 0
B.C.2 at r = R
(C)
The first integration of the differential equation:
𝑑 𝑑𝑇(𝑟) 𝗀̇ 𝑟 𝑑𝑇 𝑟 𝗀̇ 𝑟
𝑟 =− →𝑟 =− + 𝐶
𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑘 𝑑𝑟 3𝑘
And the application of (B.C.1) yields
𝑑𝑇(𝑟)
B.C.1 at r = 0 =0
𝑑𝑟
𝑑𝑇 𝑟 𝗀̇ 𝑟 𝗀̇ (𝑜)
𝑟 =− + 𝐶 0 (0) = − + 𝐶 𝐶 =0
𝑑𝑟 3𝑘 3𝑘
The second integration with C1=0 results in

𝑑𝑇 𝑟 𝗀̇ 𝑟 𝗀̇ 𝑟
=− 𝑇 𝑟 =− + 𝐶
𝑑𝑟 3𝑘 6𝑘
and the application of the (B.C.2) at r =R gives the constant C2 as
𝑑𝑇 𝑟
B.C.2 at r = R −𝑘 = ℎ 𝑇 𝑅 − 𝑇
𝑑𝑟
𝑑𝑇 𝑟 𝗀̇ 𝑅 𝗀̇ 𝑅
−𝑘 = = ℎ 𝑇 𝑅 − 𝑇 →𝑇 𝑟 = +𝑇
𝑑𝑟 3 3ℎ
𝗀̇ 𝑅
and 𝑇 𝑅 =− + 𝐶
6𝑘
𝗀̇ 𝑅 𝗀̇ 𝑅 𝗀̇ 𝑅 𝗀̇ 𝑅
∴ +𝑇 =− + 𝐶 𝐶 = +𝑇 +
3ℎ 6𝑘 3ℎ 6𝑘
𝗀̇ 𝑟 𝗀̇ 𝑅 𝗀̇ 𝑅
𝑇 𝑟 =− + +𝑇 +
6𝑘 3ℎ 6𝑘
𝗀̇ 𝑅 𝑟 𝗀̇ 𝑅
𝑇 𝑟 = 1 − + +𝑇
6𝑘 𝑅 3ℎ
(d)
The heat flux on the outer surface

Heat Transfer: Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Heat Transfer: Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Heat Transfer

Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical

Consider a long solid cylinder of radius r = R, as

The application of the (B.C.1) gives

yields the (T.D.E) in the solid cylinder

The temperature at the centerline of the cylinder To ,where r=0, is

Introducing the temperature profile equation, we obtain:

The mathematical formulation of the problem is given by:

The application of the (B.C.1) gives

Knowing C2 the temperature distribution T(r) in the cylinder becomes

We consider heat conduction in a

(W/m3), the inner surface subjected to

The integration of equation

By subtract Eq.(a) from Eq.(b) we obtain:

substituting C1and C2 into second integration results

It is the (T.D.E) in a hollow cylindrical wall with constant surface temperature

Steady-state one – dimensional heat transfer:

The second integration with C1=0 results in

and the application of the (B.C.2) at r=R gives the constant C2 as

the temperature at the center of the sphere is:

And the heat flux at any radius r is:

And heat flux at the radius R is:

Steady-state one – dimensional heat transfer:

The second integration with C1=0 results in

You might also like