BMA1202: DISCRETE MATHEMATICS

CAT 1 and 2

1. Define the following terms

i) Proposition - A proposition is a collection of declarative statements that has
either a truth value "true” or a truth value "false". A propositional consists of
propositional variables and connectives. We denote the propositional
variables by capital letters (A, B, etc). The connectives connect the
propositional variables.
ii) Tautology- A tautology is a formula or assertion that is true in every possible
interpretation.
iii) Contradiction- A contradiction consists of a logical incompatibility or
incongruity between two or more propositions
iv) Contigency-  A proposition that is neither a tautology nor contradiction is
called a contingency. (3mks)
2. Use the truth table to show that ⋀( ⋁ ) ≡ ( ⋀ ) ⋁( ⋀ ).
(3mks)
Solution

3. List the members of the set ={: −3 −4 = 0 }.

(3mks)
4. Prove that ( ∩ ) = ∪ .
( 3mks)
 5. Given the set U = { a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,I,j } A = { a,c,e} B= {e,f,g} C= {f,g,h.i } and D={i} .
Find
I. B∪ C (2mks)
II. AxB (3mks)
III. (∩ ) (2mks)
6. Prove by contradiction that if + > 5 then either > 2 or > 3.
(3mks)
Solution

7. Find the power set of the set A= { 1,2,3,4 }. i.e P(A).

(3mks)
8. Let MP and C be the sets of students taking Mathematics courses, physics
courses and Computer Science Courses respectively in a university.
Assume | | = 300 , | | = 350, | | = 450 , | ∩ | = 100, | ∩ | = 150, | ∩ | = 75, | ∩ ∩ |
= 10. How many students are taking exactly one of these
courses. ( use Venn diagram )
(3mks)
Solution
Given :-

 n(M) = Students study Mathematics = 300

 n(P) = Students study Physics = 350
 n(C) = Students study Computer Science = 450
 n(M ∩ P) = Students study mathematics and Physics = 100
 n(M ∩ C) = Students study Mathematics and Computer science = 150
 n(P ∩ C) = Students study Physics and Computer science = 75
 n(M ∩ P ∩ C) = Students study all three courses = 10 .

To Find :-

 n( M ∪ P ∪ C ) = Number of students who study exactly one of those courses ?

Formula used :-

 n ( A ∪ B ∪ C ) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) - n ( A ∩ B ) - n(B ∩ C) - n (A ∩ C) + n( A ∩ B ∩ C )

Putting all values in above formula we get :-

→ n( M ∪ P ∪ C ) = n(M) + n(P) + n(C) - n ( M ∩ P ) - n(P ∩ C) - n (M ∩ C) + n( M ∩ P ∩ C )

→ n( M ∪ P ∪ C ) = 300 + 350 + 450 - 100 - 150 - 75 + 10

→ n( M ∪ P ∪ C ) = 1100 - 325 + 10

→ n( M ∪ P ∪ C ) = 1100 - 315

→ n( M ∪ P ∪ C ) = 785

Hence, 785 students are taking exactly one of those courses .

9. Prove that 2 + 1 ≤ 2 for ≥ 3. (2mks)

Solution