ORAL COMMUNICATION WEEK 2

OCTOBER 12 – 16, 2020

MAGDALENA B. DASCO
(SUBJECT TEACHER)

Learning Competency: Differentiates the various models of communication. (EN11/12OC-Ia-3)

The Various Models of Communication

Communication is the process of passing information and understanding from one person to
another. Therefore, all communication influences at least two people: the one who sends the message
and the one who receives it (Chiavenato, 2016). To communicate is to come to share something of
ourselves. It is a specific rational and emotional quality of man that arises from the need to get in touch
with others, exchanging ideas that acquire meaning or meaning according to common previous
experiences (De Fonseca, 2000). It is simply an exchange of ideas and thoughts. Models of
communication are conceptual models used to explain the human communication process. These
models provide visual representation of the various aspects of a communication encounter.

Communication models are systematic representations which help in understanding how

communication works. Models show the process metaphorically and in symbols. They form general
perspectives on communication by breaking communication from complex to simple and keeps the
components in order. Here are examples of Model of Communication (Businesstopia, 2018):

1. Aristotle Model
Aristotle is a great philosopher who initiated the earliest mass communication model called
“Aristotle’s Model of Communication”. Before 300 B.C. in his communication model, he found the
importance of audience role in communication chain. This model is more focused on public speaking
than interpersonal communication. Aristotle’s Model of Communication is formed with 5 basic
elements: Speaker, Speech, Occasion, Audience and Effect. Aristotle advises speakers to build speech for
different audience on different time (occasion) and for different effects (Bajracharya, 2018).

SPEAKER SPEECH AUDIENCE EFFECT

OCCASION
Examples:

A. Alexander gave brave speech to his soldiers in the war field to defeat Persian Empire.

Speaker – Alexander

Speech – about his invasion

Occasion – War field

Audience – Soldiers

Effect – To defeat Persia

B. Maine delivers her valedictory speech.

2. Shannon Weaver Model (1948) – The Shannon–Weaver model was designed to mirror the
functioning of radio and telephone technology. The initial model consisted of four primary parts: sender,
message, channel, and receiver. The sender was the part of a telephone a person speaks into, the
channel was the telephone itself, and the receiver was the part of the phone through which one can
hear the sender on the other end of the line (Shannon, C. E., & Weaver, W. 1949). Shannon-Weaver is
referred as the 'mother of all models' and it is also called Linear Model or one-way process of
communication without feedback.

INFORMATION TRANSMITTER CHANNEL RECEIVER DESTINATION

SIGNAL RECEIVED
MESSAGE SIGNAL MESSAGE

NOISE

Examples:

A. Ella watched her favorite movie last Saturday.

B. Mike is listening to Christian songs whole day.

3. SMCR (Source, Message, Channel, and Receiver) Model of Communication -David Berlo expanded
Shannon and Weaver's 1949 linear model of communication and created the sender-message-channel-
receiver (SMCR) model of communication. The SMCR model of communication separated the model into
clear parts and has been expanded upon by other scholars. Berlo's communication process is a simple
application for person-to-person communication, which includes communication source, encoder,
message, channel, decoder, and communication receiver (Berlo, D. K. 1960).

SOURCE MESSAGE CHANNEL RECEIVER

ENCODES DECODES

Examples:

A. Bert is listening to his Math teacher about finding the value of x.

B. Peter is quietly listening to his parents while being scolded.

4. Transactional Model - The transactional model has a number of interdependent processes and
components, including the encoding and decoding processes, the communicator, the message, the
channel and noise. The basic premise of the transactional model of communication is that individuals
are simultaneously engaging in the sending and receiving of messages (Barnlund’s 2008). In short,
transactional model is a two-way process with addition of feedback as one element. This model is more
interactive and it has collaborative exchange of messages between communicators.

NOISE NOISE
(SENDS AND RECEIVES) FEEDBACK (SENDS AND RECEIVES)
MESSAGE MESSAGE
RESPONDS/ RESPONDS/
DECODES DECODES
 NOISE NOISE

Examples:

A. Liza and Lizzy are having a conversation about their plans this weekend.

B. Bert is chatting with his friends about their online class.

C. My mother and the vendor are disagreeing on the final price of the meat.

5. Schramm Model - The Osgood-Schramm model of communication is a communication theory. It

explains how we communicate with one another, mainly through speech, writing and discourse. It
emphasizes four key principles: First, communication is circular, not linear. This means the listener can
both receive and send messages (in most instances). Second, communication is usually equal and
reciprocal. Third, there is a lot of interpretation involved when receiving a message. Lastly, all
communication requires three steps: encoding, decoding, and interpreting a message (Schramm, W.
1955). In Schramm Model the field of experience is included.

FIELD OF FIELD OF
EXPERIENCE EXPERIENCE
SIGNAL
SENDER, ENCODER ENCODER, RECEIVER

NOISE

FEEDBACK

Field of Experience refers to the different beliefs, opinions and experiences of a person that affects his
understanding of the topic (Schramm, W. 1955).

Examples:

A. After the class, Roman discusses his opinions and ideas in gender equality with his friends.

Roman said: "I respect my gay cousin even though I am a straight man."

B. Marlon shares his pack lunch to Mike while having a lunch but Mike has not accepted the
food.

Then he said they are not allowed to eat meat in their religion.

***GOD BLESS***