Kyruss N.

Lopez BSIT 3-C NATSCI 2

1. What do vectors and scalars have in common? How do they differ?

2. Explain why it is not possible to add a scalar to a vector.

- We cannot add a vector and a scalar quantity together because they have different
dimensions.
Explanation:
 A vector quantity is defined as a physical quantity which has both magnitude and
direction. For example, velocity, displacement etc. A scalar quantity is a quantity
which has magnitude only but no direction. For example, distance, speed etc.
 It is impossible to add the two together because of their different dimensions.
This basically means that being a vector quantity a particular physical quantity
will have both magnitude and direction. Summing the two quantities together we
have to describe the direction of the resultant quantity. As a scalar quantity does
not have a direction it would be next to impossible to describe the direction of the
resultant.
 For example, let's take a body moving with a velocity of 60kms -1 north and
covering a distance of 120km. Now, adding the two is not possible as we cannot
describe the direction of the resultant quantity.

3. Explain why a vector cannot have a component greater than its own magnitude.
- No a vector may not have a component greater than its magnitude. When dealing with
highschool phyics problems, the magnitude is usually the sum of two or more
components and one component will offset the other, causing the magnitude to be less
then its component.

4. If the vectors A and B are perpendicular, what is the component of A along the
direction of B ? What is the component of B along the direction of A?
- Consider two vectors A and B such that the angle between them is θ.
The component of the vector A along the direction of vector B is A cosθ.
Since A cosθ = 0. It is possible if θ = 90°, because cos = 90° = 0.
Thus, vector A and B are perpendicular to each other.
5. You drive 7.50 km in a straight line in a direction 15º
east of north. (a) Find the distances you would have to drive
straight east and then straight north to arrive at the same
point. (This determination is equivalent to find the
components of the displacement along the east and north
directions.) (b) Show that you still arrive at the same point if
the east and north legs are reversed in order.
Solution:
The given displacement is represented by the segment AB:
AB = 7.5 km; α = 15°.
a) The angle ABC is equal to the angle BAD.
The distance straight east is equal to the segment AC:
AC = AB cos(90°–α) = AB sinα;
AC = 7.5 × 0.2588 = 1.94 km
The distance straight north is equal to the segment CB:
CB = AB cosα;
CB = 7.5 × 0.9659 = 7.24 km
b) If the east and north legs are reversed in order, the
total route will be A – D – B instead of A – C – B. as it can be seen from the diagram,
the resulting displacement will be still equal to AB.
II. Perform the steps in solving the following projectile motion problems. (45 pts)
6. An eagle is flying horizontally at a speed of 3.00 m/s when
the fish in her talons wiggles loose and falls into the lake 5.00
m below. Calculate the velocity of the fish relative to the water
when it hits the water.
Answer:
10 m/s
As water is still so the velocity of fish with respect to water is same as 10 m/s.
Explanation:
Initial velocity of fish in horizontal direction, ux = 3.00 m/s
Initial velocity of fish in vertical direction, uy = 0
height, h = 5.00 m
acceleration due to gravity, g = 10 m/s 2
Let the speed of fish is v as it hits the water level.
Use third equation of motion
v2 = u2 + 2 g h
v2 = 02 + 2 x 10 x 5
v2 = 100
v = 10 m/s
Thus, the fish hits the water level with the speed of 10 m/s.

7. The world long jump record is 8.95 m (Mike Powell, USA,

1991). Treated as a projectile, what is the maximum range
obtainable by a person if he has a take-off speed of 9.5 m/s?
State your assumptions.
Solution:

We are required to solve for the maximum distance. To do this, we can use the formula
for the range of a projectile motion. However, we need the following assumptions:

 The jumper leaves the ground in a 45° angle from the horizontal, for maximum
horizontal displacement.
 The jumper is on level ground, and the motion started from the ground.

The formula for range is

Since we are already given the necessary details, we can now solve for the range.

8. An owl is carrying a mouse to the chicks in its nest. Its

position at that time is 4.00 m west and 12.0 m above the

center of the 30.0 cm diameter nest. The owl is flying east at
3.50 m/s at an angle 30.0º below the horizontal when it
accidentally drops the mouse. Is the owl lucky enough to
have the mouse hit the nest? To answer this question,
calculate the horizontal position of the mouse when it has
fallen 12.0 m.
Solution:
 Reasoning:
We have motion with constant acceleration in two dimensions, or projectile motion.
Given: x0, y0, vx0 = v0cosθ0, vy0 = v0sinθ0, θ0 = -30o, ay = -g.
 Use vx = v0cosθ0 = constant, x = x0 + v0cosθ0t, vy = v0sinθ0 - gt, y = y0 + v0sinθ0t -
½gt2.
Solve y - y0 = v0sinθ0t - ½gt2 for t, to find the time it takes the mouse to fall 12 m.
During this time the horizontal position of the mouse changes to x = x 0 + v0cosθ0t.
 Details of the calculation:
(-12 m) = (-3.5 m/s)*0.5*t - 0.5*(9.8 m/s2)*t2.
t2 + (0.357 s)*t - 2.45 s2 = 0,
t = [-0.178 +(0.031 + 2.45)1/2]s = 1.4 s.
During this time the horizontal position of the mouse changes to x = x 0 + v0cosθ0t,
x = -4 m * (3.5 m/s)*0.866*(1.4 s) = 0.23 m = 23 cm.

The center of the nest is at x = 0 and the nest has a radius of 15 cm. The mouse
misses the nest.