Swift, accurate downhole measurement is

crucial in order to maximize cost-effective

hydrocarbon abstraction.

GE’s Sondex Wireline Production Logging tools

provide the most comprehensive and efficient
range of flow, fluid identification and reservoir
monitoring information.

Front cover
Capacitance Array Tool, part of MAPS.

Opposite
Caged Fullbore Flowmeter.

GE_Energy_Prod Logv12 US.indd 2 22/4/09 10:40:03

GE_Energy_Prod Logv12 US.indd 3 22/4/09 10:40:03
 World leaders in
production logging
GE Energy designs, develops and engineers state-of-the-art electro-mechanical
equipment to run well site operations for oil and gas corporations. Our research
and development is continuous, to ensure we always provide reliable technology,
delivered on a global scale through exceptional customer service, specialist sales
and local customer support.

Specialist Tools for Optimum Results World-Class Technology

During the life of a field, conditions often occur that reduce oil and
gas production. As each production logging (PL) project is unique it’s
essential to use the right tools to ensure optimal results.
GE offers an exceptional choice of PL toolstrings, plus a wide range
of add-in sensors and over forty variants of flowmeter. Our
production logging tools operate in memory or surface readout
mode, and can combine effortlessly with Well Integrity tools on
our unique high speed Ultrawire* tool bus. This ability to run many
sensors in one toolstring not only provides appropriate data, but
also reduces lost production by saving valuable operating time
and resources.
Industry Leading Innovation
With new oil and gas reserves becoming increasingly difficult to
find, secondary and tertiary hydrocarbon recovery is increasingly
important. To meet these evolving market requirements and
changing customer needs, we are continually innovating and
developing the PL product range.
4
In complicated flow regimes, particularly within deviated and
horizontal wells, conventional production logging tools are often
inadequate. We have developed innovative production logging
technology called MAPS (Multiple Array Production Suite) which
provides more extensive information than standard PL tools.
Excellence You Can Rely On
All successful logging jobs depend on obtaining good quality data,
without costly failures and lost time. Our equipment is designed to
consistently produce precise measurements and operate with high
reliability. Our applied expertise ensures excellent sensor design
and testing, combined with the selection of reliable components,
appropriate materials and rigorous manufacturing procedures.

GE_Energy_Prod Logv12 US.indd 4 22/4/09 10:40:03

 System Overview

Comprehensive system at a glance

Data Acquisition Logging Systems p15

Memory Surface Readout

Logging data is stored in the tool Logging data is transmitted to
and merged with depth information the surface for real-time analysis.
for later analysis.

Bus
Ultrawire* Bus
All production logging tools operate on our unique digital telemetry
Ultrawire* Bus and allow simultaneous operation with other Ultrawire* tools.

Tools
Toolstrings p06 HADES* p14
Our toolstrings house a number of sensors to accurately and reliably measure the condition of the production Our Hades* toolstring
logging regime within the well by providing depth correlation, pressure, temperature capacitance and flow data. enables production
They are available in short combination and standard lengths. logging in particularly
hostile environments.

Short Combination Toolstring (SCT) Standard Toolstring

Ideal if access to a well is restricted by rig-up Enable users to select precisely the tools
height or rat hole length. required to match the needs of the logging job.

Flowmeters p08
Our vast range of flowmeters allows users to
easily adapt their tools to meet the challenges
of most well conditions.

Fluid Identification p09

Our fluid identification technologies establish
the hold-up of fluids using the density and electrical
properties of oil, gas and water.

Multiple Array Production Suite (MAPS) p10

Our MAPS logging technology offers
an innovative range of tools with multiple
sensors, that provide engineers with a
clearer perspective for enhancing well
management. MAPview creates 3D
images of the flow regime to present a
realistic analysis of a wells production.

Additional Sensors p12

We continue to create additional
sensors to meet the needs of specific
job requirements.

Accessories p13
A full range of accessories to help maximize
productivity, efficiency and longevity of our
production logging tools.

* Trademark of General Electric Company.

5

GE_Energy_Prod Logv12 US.indd 5 22/4/09 10:40:08

 Short Combination Toolstring
1 3⁄8in & 1 11⁄16in

The Short Combination Toolstring (SCT) combines sensors in a short length,

whilst maintaining temperature, pressure rating and operational versatility.
Set-up is easier where access to the well is restricted by rig-up height or rat hole
length. As it is shorter and lighter, the SCT is ideal for helicopter transportation.
Maintenance costs are reduced as there are fewer electronic assemblies and
tool joints to service.
Log quality is enhanced, as the flowing fluid is less likely to change Key Features
within the short distance between sensors. Additional Ultrawire* • Precise multi-phase production profiling
tools can be added to the string to provide extra data and there • Minimal toolstring make-up length reduces necessary riser height
is a large choice of mechanical flowmeter sections available for • Slim 1 3⁄8in toolstring to log through restrictions
log optimization. In addition, the 1 3⁄8in version offers capability to • Ultrawire* platform for surface readout or memory
log through restrictions. mode logging
• Compatible with other logging tools
• Easy transportation due to reduced weight and length of tools.

Components

Quartz Pressure and Casing Collar Locator (QPC) Capacitance Temperature Flow (CTF)
The combined Quartz Pressure and CCL tool is designed to minimize tool length. A The CTF combines three sensors: Capacitance Water Hold-up, Temperature
quartz gauge is used for the downhole flowing and shut-in pressure measurement. and Flowmeter with a single electronics section. The close proximity of the
The CCL detects casing collars and other variations in the casing and tubing. measurements aids interpretation.

Gamma Ray (PGR)

This tool responds to the natural radiation of the different layers within the
formation. As well as lithological identification, they are used for depth and
correlation with open hole logs.

Technical Overview

Casing Collar Locator (CCL)
The CCL sensor responds to changes in metal
mass at casing joints and completion items and
is used primarily for depth correlation. It can also
detect holes and perforations. With two powerful
magnets creating lines of magnetic flux, a change in
metal mass is detected when this field is disturbed
generating a small voltage.
Production Gamma Ray (PGR)
The PGR measures naturally occurring gamma ray
radiation levels. It is used for depth correlation,
lithology and identification of radioactive scale,
associated with water production. When gamma rays
strike the Sodiumlodide crystals of the detector, light is
emitted and amplified to a detectable level.
Quartz Pressure Sensor (QPS)
The QPS measures the flowing and shut-in pressures
in the well. Wellbore fluid pressure acts directly on
a quartz crystal oscillating at its natural frequency.
If there are changes in fluid pressure or well
temperature alter this frequency providing the
tools measurement.

GE_Energy_Prod Logv12 US.indd 6 22/4/09 10:40:09

 Standard Toolstring
1 11⁄16in

In a Standard Toolstring, sensors are housed individually, providing greater

versatility and simplifying maintenance procedures. This longer toolstring can
also be supplemented with Knuckle Joints and the sensors can be arranged in
almost any order. Each tool is designed to be strong, durable and
corrosion-resistant.

In land-based operations, where rig-up heights are not as critical, Key Features
this string enables you to select whichever tools are needed to • Precise multi-phase production profiling
match the specific requirements of the logging job. • Tools designed to simplify maintenance procedures and
maximize quality
Additional Ultrawire* tools can be added to the string to provide • Ultrawire* platform for surface readout or memory
specific data, and there is a large choice of mechanical flowmeter mode logging
sections available for log optimization. • Tough, corrosion resistant tools
• Can be combined with other logging services.

Components

Quartz Pressure (QPS) Gamma Ray (PGR)

The single gauge Quartz Pressure tool is used to provide a continuous log of Gamma Ray tools respond to the natural radiation of the different formation layers.
borehole fluid pressure, and to provide a record of pressure draw-down and build- As well as lithology identification, they are used for depth and correlation with open
up data during flowing tests. hole logs.

Casing Collar Locator (CCL) Capacitance Water Hold-up (CWH)

This tool provides depth correlation and can indicate the location of perforations This enhanced tool measures the dielectric constant of the surrounding borehole
or damage. fluid to determine the water hold-up.

Platinum Resistance Thermometer (PRT) Caged Fullbore Electronics Section (CFBE)

This tool measures the borehole fluid temperature, which can be used for finding Electronics and Hall Effect sensors are housed in one tool with a mechanical
fluid entry, gas leaks and injection zones. It can also be useful in finding cement tops connection that allows a large variety of flowmeter mechanical sections to be
as part of the Well Integrity suite. Low thermal mass ensures fast response. easily utilized.

Platinum Resistance Thermometer (PRT)
The PRT is a highly accurate sensor that responds
to small temperature changes - indicating fluid
movement, direction and type, as well as enabling
the calculating of volume. Enclosed in an inconel
needle, the minute platinum sensor’s resistance
changes rapidly with temperature, causing a
voltage differential.
Capacitance (CWH)
The CWH tool measures the dielectric constant of the
borehole fluid to determine the water hold up. The tool
is effectively a capacitor with fluid passing through
being the dielectric. The capacitor is charged up and
the rate at which it charges is relative to the dielectric
constant of the fluids passing through it. The downhole
hydrocarbon/water ratio can be determined from the
output using a calibration chart.
Caged Fullbore Electronics (CFBE)
The CFBE allows any one of a variety of flowmeter
mechanical sections to be connected, which are
chosen according the completion and flow regime
that will be logged. By using one common detector
and electronics section our customers require less
inventory and therefore save money.

GE_Energy_Prod Logv12 US.indd 7 22/4/09 10:40:11

 Flowmeters
Our extensive range of flowmeters will measure fluid velocity through diverse
variety of well conditions. We also provide specialist tools like the Diverter Basket
which measures low flow rates and the In-Line Spinner to log in tubing and
provide measurement redundancy.
Selection of the right flowmeter will be based on several
parameters, including completion size, expected phases, flow rate
and the potential for debris. For example In-Line Spinners provide
data when Caged Fullbore Flowmeters are closed in tubing. Diverter
Basket Flowmeters perform a more specialist role particularly in
low flow rate wells, by capturing flow from the entire wellbore and
guiding it through a modified In-Line Spinner.
Components
3 Arm CFBM
6 Arm CFBM
Caged Fullbore Mechanical Section (CFBM)
This flowmeter is run at the bottom of a PL toolstring. The spinner blades and cage
assembly fold enabling it to pass through tubing restrictions without damage and
then open up to present a large, more sensitive impeller in the casing.
Continuous Flowmeter Mechanical Section (CFSM)
This flowmeter is run at the bottom of a PL toolstring. The turbine rotates
continuously, and is used in tubing and in casing.
Jeweled Bearing Continuous Flowmeter (CFJM)
This flowmeter has a lower threshold and is therefore suitable for logging in lower
fluid velocity wells. The tool can also be used in high velocity gas wells or producing
wells where debris such as sand may impede roller bearings.
GE_Energy_Prod Logv12 US.indd 8
Key Features
• Low friction bearings for optimum performance and minimal
threshold
• Jeweled bearing spinner for superior use in low and high
velocities, or debris
• 3 Arm CFBM maximizes exposure of spinner blades to the flow
• 6 Arm CFBM increases spinner protection and centralization,
particularly in horizontal wells
• Option to fit extender tube over DBT for density measurement
with FDR.
ILS 2 1⁄8 in
ILS 1 11⁄16 in
In-Line Spinner (ILS)
The ILS is a compact flowmeter used in conjunction with a Caged Fullbore to log
mixed production in both tubing and casing. It can also be used as a back-up in
areas where fullbore spinners are closed due to restricted diameters. The spinner
blade is protected by a shroud, and is less susceptible to the effects of jetting from
perforations. As the spinner rotates switches are opened and closed by a series
of magnets positioned on the shaft. The order and switching rate allows for the
measurement of spinner rotation and direction.
Diverter Basket Flowmeter (DBT)
This tool is designed to provide flow rate in low velocity wells. A basket is opened
downhole to divert the flow allowing flow rates as low as 25BPD (4m3/d) to be
measured. This tool can also measure the true flow rate and can be run inverted in
injection wells.
22/4/09 10:40:13
 Fluid Identification

It is essential to establish the hold-up of each fluid phase. Our fluid identification
technologies use the differences in density and electrical properties of oil, gas and
water simultaneously, to accomplish this accurately.

Key Features
Capacitance Water Hold-up sensors measure the dielectric
• Low energy sources for FDR and GHT with a low transportation
constant of the surrounding borehole fluid. Radioactive Density
index
tools use low energy gamma rays to determine the downhole fluid
• Radioactive density measurement unaffected by well deviation
density and the Differential Pressure Density tools measure the
• FDD and GHT provide across-wellbore measurements
hydrostatic pressure gradient of fluids in the wellbore. Finally, Gas
• DBT extender tube enables FDR to detect small quantities of
Hold-up tools respond to the molecular density of fluids, gas being
hydrocarbon
significantly lower in density than oil and water.
• FDD has differential pressure overload protection.

Components

Radioactive Density (FDR)

This tool uses low energy gamma rays to determine the downhole fluid density Capacitance Water Hold-up (CWH)
during a production log. It provides a very reliable measurement, unaffected by well This measures the dielectric constant of the surrounding borehole fluid to
deviation and flow rates. determine the water hold-up.

Capacitance Temperature Flow (CTF) Gas Hold-up Tool (GHT)

The capacitance section of this tool measures the dielectric constant of the
surrounding borehole fluid to determine the water hold up. The tool is a capacitor
with fluid passing through being the dielectric. The capacitor is charged up and the
rate at which it charges is relative to the dielectric constant of the fluids passing
through it. The downhole hydrocarbon/water ratio can be determined from the
output frequency using a calibration chart.
Low energy gamma rays are used to provide a reliable measurement of gas volume
fraction, independent of flow regime or well deviation. The tool’s response is an
across wellbore measurement almost completely independent of salinity, water cut
oil/water densities and material outside casing. Best used in high gas-to-oil ratio
wells where density tools do not have sufficient resolution, or are affected by high
fluid velocities.

Differential Pressure Density (FDD)

This tool uses a differential pressure transducer to derive the wellbore fluid density.
It achieves this by measuring the hydrostatic pressure gradient in the wellbore
through ports 2ft apart. The tool can be used at deviations up to 70º.

GE_Energy_Prod Logv12 US.indd 9 22/4/09 10:40:15

 Multiple Array Production Suite (MAPS)
MAPS is a landmark innovation in well logging technology, adding an entirely
new dimension to production potential. It enables the user to deploy multiple
sensors to build a clearer and more accurate picture of the flow regime resulting
in superior reservoir management.
Phase segregation and mixing can occur in many wells, even
those with little deviation from vertical. Lighter phases migrate to
the high side of the well and then heavier phases to the low side.
This separation will often result in phases traveling at different
velocities. MAPS can make it possible to measure individual phase
hold-ups and velocities and then to estimate the respective
volumetric flow rates that are vital for reservoir management.
It is flexible and adaptable, collapsing to pass through restrictions
without the need for motors, logging up and down, and easily
combining with a broad range of Ultrawire* tools for additional
data collection.
Components
Multiple Array Production Suite (MAPS)
One, two or all three MAPS tools may be run in combination with conventional
PL tools. Multiple miniature sensors are deployed on bowsprings around the
circumference of the well to identify phase types and measure velocity.
Capacitance Array Tool (CAT)
12 miniature capacitance sensors are mounted on collapsible bowstrings to provide
fluid identification around the whole well bore. Different dielectric constants enable
identification of oil, gas and water. This data can be converted into a 3D flow profile
showing how the fluids move along the well.
Illustration
CAT and RAT Sensor Position
Sensors distributed around
the circumference of a well are
submerged in different phases.
10
GE_Energy_Prod Logv12 US.indd 10
Key Features
• MAPS can be run with a Standard, or SCT PL toolstring
• Detection of thin phase layers on the high or low side of a well
• Through-tubing deployment
• A centralized, slim tool has minimum possible effect on
flow profile
• Orientation is determined by an internal relative bearing sensor
• Logging is possible upwards, downwards and stationary
• Operates in all inclinations from vertical to horizontal
• Memory and real-time logging
• No motors to deploy sensors giving increased reliability and
reduced maintenance costs.
Resistance Array Tool (RAT)
An array of 12 micro resistance sensors determines water hold-up across the
wellbore. Saline water is conductive, whereas oil and gas are non-conductive. The
Resistance Array Tool sensors measure the resistance of the fluid between probes at
their tips. The sensors can detect very small and fast moving bubbles.
Spinner Array Tool (SAT)
This tool features 6 miniature turbines deployed on bowstring arms, enabling
discreet local fluid velocities to be measured at 60º intervals around the wellbore,
to determine velocities of each individual fluid layer. 2 different sizes of spinner
are available.
SAT Examples of Possible Flow Velocity Profiles
The flow regime depends on several factors such as fluid types,
flow rate, angle, viscosity and pipe ID.
22/4/09 10:40:16
 MAPview

MAPview is well interpretation software at its most advanced. Detailed 3D images

of the flow regime are created using data from the CAT, RAT and SAT tools. Color
schemes, meshes, arrows and numerical data can also be added to highlight
areas of interest, providing a realistic interpretation of well production.
MAPview is a highly useful tool when deciding on a cost effective Key Features
plan to reduce water production, while increasing the yield of oil • User-friendly, configurable 3D presentation of data from
and gas. It is simple to use and helps streamline well operations by multiple tools
anticipating or identifying potential problems. • Easy to interpret images and screens with options for annotation
• Arrows and distorted meshes to show velocity
• Color maps and surfaces to show fluid type
• Full MS WindowsTM compatibility.

MAPview Illustration

Three phases: gas,

oil and water.

Cylinder wall shows Oil and water

phase types: oil and production
water. Arrows and
mesh show phase
velocities.

11

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 Additional Sensors

These additional sensors have been created to meet the unique requirements
of the job in each individual well and the choices continue to grow. We also offer
bespoke solutions by adapting sensors developed by clients, into tools to be run in
partnership with our Ultrawire* system.
The X-Y Caliper (PDC) is used to correct spinner derived fluid volumes Key Features
in varied whole sizes, or to identify casing deformation and areas of • PDC collapses to pass through tubing
scale build-up. • Option of springbow arms for PDC in open hole completions
• GPT detects voids, top of gravel pack and density variations
The Compensated Neutron (CNL) is used for through-casing porosity • CNL can be adapted to fit a client’s radioactive source.
indication, and to locate a gas to water contact point.

The Gravel Pack Tool (GPT) is used to monitor pack material density,
and indicate distribution along the gravel pack screen. Comparisons
of GPT log data gathered through the life of a production well can
highlight variations, indicating whether the permeability of the
gravel pack in the producing zones is changing.

Components

X-Y Caliper (PDC) Gravel Pack Tool (GPT)

Using arms that are orientated 90º to each other, the production dual caliper This tool uses high energy gamma rays to monitor gravel pack density, detect voids
provides simultaneous measurements in the X and Y axis, providing an accurate and identify changes that may occur in the gravel pack during production.
assessment of the geometry of the pipe or open hole being logged. The data
combined with that of the spinner is used to determine the volumetric flow rate,
detect serious deformation or corrosion and scale build up. The sensors are
temperature corrected to maintain accuracy.

Compensated Neutron (CNL)

This tool has multiple applications. It may be used to indicate porosity through
casing or as a shale indicator. It may also be used to identify the contact point of
gas and water, oil and water or light and heavy hydrocarbon.

12

GE_Energy_Prod Logv12 US.indd 12 22/4/09 10:40:18

 Accessories
Our range of accessories are designed to centralize production logging tools in
the pipe, minimizing wear and tear and achieving data accuracy. Accessories for
head tension and inclination measurement are also available.
Most production logging fluid sensors are best run centralized.
Roller Centralizers maintain a tool’s position and minimize friction.
Knuckle Joints add flexibility to the string and Swivel Joints
allow relief from wireline torque. In open hole it’s preferable to
run Springbow Centralizers which slide over the borehole wall.
The optimal toolstring format will be determined by the well
completion, and our engineers are always available to offer
expert advice.
Components
3 Arm Roller Centralizer (PRC)
This versatile Centralizer is suited to production logging and to run the 24F
Multifinger Imaging Tool.
3 Arm Easy Entry
Roller Centralizer (PRC)
This Centralizer uses a special mechanism to allow it to close with less
force when entering restrictions.
Knuckle Joint (PKJ)
The PKJ allows some tools to run decentralized, reducing the number of centralizers
required for tools that have to be accurately positioned at the centre of a well.
Inclinometer Accelerometer (PIA)
Measures well deviation to assist interpretation.
Head Tension Unit (HTU)
Monitors tension or compression near the cablehead weak point minimizing the risk
of logging cable breakage or toolstring damage.
Tungsten Weight Bar (TWB)
Adds weight to the toolstring to help it down the well and to overcome pressure in the grease injector. They are available in other materials such as lead and steel.
GE_Energy_Prod Logv12 US.indd 13
Key Features
• Low friction centralizers help toolstrings travel along the well
• Double rollers provide smooth run over casing joints
• Mechanism of easy entry centralizers aids closure for restrictions
• Springbow Centralizers available for open hole completions
• Head Tension device assists in protecting string in difficult interventions
• The Inclinometer Accelerometer aids interpretation in deviated and
horizontal wells.
4 Arm Roller Centralizer (PRC)
Providing the highest centralizing force and smoothest running, a contoured arm
profile aids entry into restrictions. Particularly useful in horizontal wells.
Springbow
Centralizer (PSC)
Designed for operations in open hole completions and damaged casing.
Swivel Joint (PSJ)
Allows the release of torque that would otherwise build up in the cable so that the
toolstring is not forced to spin, resulting in loss of log quality.
Bullnose (BUL)
Provides physical and electrical termination to a tool string.
Cable Head (CHG)
Interfaces between the cable and toolstring and contains the weak points to
prevent the cable from breaking further up the hole.
13
22/4/09 10:40:23
 HADES*

HADES* has been specifically developed for working in extremely high pressure,
high temperature and hostile well conditions. Constructed using NACE-approved
materials, it consists of six integral PL sensors: Flow, Temperature, Capacitance,
Pressure, Gamma Ray & CCL. Electronics are mounted in a single slim high
pressure rated flask with heat sinks. All the sensors use standard principles,
but special engineering techniques ensure they operate perfectly in
extreme conditions.
Use HADES* when downhole conditions exceed the service limits Key Features
of conventional PL tools, i.e. 350ºF (177ºC) or 15kpsi (103MPa). Most • Specifically for high temperature/high pressure applications
HADES* tools are built to withstand temperatures of 500ºF (260ºC) • Memory or surface readout operation
(with an option for 572ºF (300ºC)) and pressures up to • Interchangeable spinner mechanical sections available
20kpsi (138MPa). • Temperature specific O-rings kits available to reduce
maintenance costs
Thermal protection by the flask and heat sinks is time limited, • 572ºF (300ºC) version available for extreme applications.
dependent on well conditions. The internal temperature of the
HADES* flask is recorded and monitored to ensure the tools do
not overheat.

Components

Capacitance, Temperature
and Flowmeter (CTF) 4 Arm Roller Centralizer

Caged Fullbore Flowmeter Mechanical Pressure Port Electronics, Quartz Pressure, Gamma Ray 4 Arm Roller
section may be exchanged for CFSM and CCL protected by vacuum flask Centralizer

HADES* Toolstring
This unique toolstring includes a Casing Collar Locator, Gamma Ray detector and
sensors to measure pressure, temperature, water hold up and flow. Thermally
protecting the electronics allows the tool to operate at temperatures up to 300ºC and
pressures up to 20kpsi.

14

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 Acquisition Systems

These sophisticated systems are built to the highest standard with data
protection, durability and versatility a top requirement. In conjunction with our
unique Ultrawire* tool bus and Ultralink* telemetry, our systems enable data
acquisition on memory or in real time.

Our logging tools will switch between real-time and memory
logging by changing from Telemetry Crossover to a Memory tool.
The surface readout system is available in a rack for permanent
installation, or in a portable hard case with a military specification
laptop for operations on multiple units.
The Memory logging system is controlled from a laptop, and can be
mains or battery powered. A program will be written to the Memory
tool before the job, with commands to collect data and operate any
motorized tools in the string. Data is downloaded after the job and
merged to make a log.
Key Features
• SRO and Memory systems run with Warrior acquisition software
• Portable logging system uses military specification laptop for
data protection
• Rack systems have dual hard drive for data protection
• SRO systems operate all Ultrawire* tools; 3rd party with an
optional panel
• MS WindowsTM compatible applications also run the log
interpretation packages.

Components
Rack Mounted Logging Systems

Midas Ultrawire*
Depth Time Recorder (DTR) Memory Interface Panel (MIP) Portable Logging System

Ultrawire* Memory Tool (UMT) and Memory Battery Housing (UMB) Telemetry Tool Midas Ultrawire* Midas Case Hole
Logging System Logging System

Memory Logging System Surface Readout Logging Systems

This battery powered Memory system controls the logging tools and stores the data. This Telemetry Crossover Tool (XTU) sends logging data direct to the
Depth information is recorded against time and then all data is merged to create a surface in real-time using Ultralink*.
standard API log.

* Trademark of General Electric Company.

15

GE_Energy_Prod Logv12 US.indd 15 22/4/09 10:40:28

 This Page:
Rigging up offshore for a production log.

GE_Energy_Prod Logv12 US.indd 16 22/4/09 10:40:33

 Case Studies

GE's Sondex production logging tools have been instrumental in providing clients
all over the world with efficient, productive and cost-effective solutions to diverse
issues and challenges. Below are just a couple of examples of our innovation in
action across the globe.

High water production together with sand.

Information from Sondex PL tools identified sand erosion.
Challenge
Water production was shut off by closing the sliding side door
(SSD) with slickline; however the well continued to produce water.
Solution
A production log was run to confirm the status of the SSD. The log
showed the SSD was closed, but there was a leak, presumed to be
a hole caused by external sand erosion in a blast joint adjacent to
the perforations. The water cut of the flow through the leak was
calculated to be 85%.
Results
Although oil cut from this zone was only 15%, this equated to
50% of the total oil production from the well. Plugging that zone to
shut off the water would have significantly reduced oil production
at surface.
The client decided not to carry out a remedial operation to patch the
hole at this stage and to return when this zone has watered out fully
(to be determined by production logging).

Multiple zone oil and water production. A production log with Sondex tools
saved an oil company from unnecessary remedial work and lost production.
Challenge
In this water flood production well the oil company was planning to
set a bridge plug to shut off the lowest zone which was believed to
have watered out. A production logging job was done to check if the
zone was fully watered out.
Results
It was decided to defer the remedial work until the lowest zone was
fully watered out. If the shut off job had gone ahead the water cut
would still have been about 70% and oil would have been left in the
ground.

Solution
The PL interpretation showed that the lowest zone was not only
producing water, but also significant oil, contributing 49% of the
total oil production. The other zones were producing both oil and
water, some of which deposited radioactive scale as shown by
high gamma counts.
This log illustrates the high resolution of the Sondex Radioactive
Density tool. For this 2 phase analysis (oil and water) the total flow
was derived from the flowmeter and individual phases divided using
density data. The Hold-up track below illustrates the fraction of the
wellbore occupied by each phase.

Perf Cumulative Zonal Water Water Cumulative Zonal Oil Oil Water
Water Contribution Oil Contribution Cut

Depths STBPD STBPD % STBPD STBPD % %

TOTAL 3527.39 – – 1326.25 – – 72.68

11475-11520 3527.39 496.96 14.09 1326.25 143.76 10.84 77.56

11550-11620 3030.42 906.82 25.71 1182.49 366.74 27.65 71.20

11635-11655 2123.60 270.20 7.66 815.75 169.01 12.74 61.52

11665-PBTD 1853.41 1853.41 52.54 646.74 646.74 48.76 74.13

17

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 General Specifications
Tools Temp Pressure Tool Body Diameter

1 3 ⁄8 in 1 11⁄16 in

Data Acquisition
Ultrawire* Memory Tool (UMT) 350°F 15kpsi • •
Telemetry Crossover Tool (XTU) (177°C) (103MPa) • •
Short Combination Toolstring
Quartz Pressure + CCL (QPC) • •
350°F 15kpsi
Gamma Ray (PGR) • •
(177°C) (103MPa)
Capacitance Temperature Flow (CTF) • •
Standard Toolstring
Quartz Pressure (QPS) – •
Casing Collar Locator (CCL) – •
Platinum Resistance Thermometer (PRT) 350°F 15kpsi – •
Gamma Ray (PGR) (177°C) (103MPa) • •
Capacitance Water Hold-up (CWH) – •
Caged Fullbore Electronics Section – •
Flowmeters
Caged Fullbore Mechanical Section (CFBM) • •
Continuous Flowmeter Mechanical Section (CFSM) • •
350°F 15kpsi
Jeweled Bearing Continuous Flowmeter (CFJM) • •
(177°C) (103MPa)
In-Line Spinner (ILS) – •
Diverter Basket Flowmeter (DBT) – •
Fluid Identification
Radioactive Density (FDR) • •
350°F 15kpsi
Differential Pressure Density (FDD) – •
(177°C) (103MPa)
Gas Hold-up Tool (GHT) – •
Multiple Array Production Suite (MAPS)
Spinner Array Tool (SAT) – •
350°F 15kpsi
Capacitance Array Tool (CAT) – •
(177°C) (103MPa)
Resistance Array Tool (RAT) – •
Additional Sensors
X-Y Caliper (PDC) – •
350°F 15kpsi
Gravel Pack Tool (GPT) – •
(177°C) (103MPa)
Compensated Neutron (CNL) – •
Accessories
Head Tension Unit (HTU) • •
Inclinometer Accelerometer (PIA) 350°F 15kpsi • •
We have a broad selection of Centralizers, Knuckle & Swivel Joints (177°C) (103MPa)
• •
for each application

HADES*
HADES001 & HADES002 500°F (260°C) 20kpsi (137MPa) – 1.82in
HADES003 & HADES004 570°F (300°C) 20kpsi (137MPa) – (46.2mm)

• Available ° Compatible – Unavailable

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