Running head: DISCUSSION POST

Discussion Post

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DISCUSSION POST 1

Discussion Post

The body tissue's perfusion depends on the pumping action of the heart and the peripheral

vascular system. To maintain the body tissues' physiologic function, oxygen, and nutrients, they

need to receive enough blood flow. Perfusion of tissues is affected by various physiologic and

pathologic states.

In a hypertensive patient, there is a thickening of blood vessels, which increases the

heart's workload, leading to heart failure. Hypertension is thus diagnosed when the blood

pressure is measured on more than one occasion to be greater than 140/90. Heart failure is

diagnosed when there are signs and symptoms of pulmonary and systemic overload such as

breathlessness, easy fatigability, edema, etc. Diagnosis is then confirmed via electrocardiogram

or echocardiology. In turn, these changes lead to a decrease in tissue oxygenation[ CITATION

Jon17 \l 1033 ]. This hypoxic state, which can also occur with increased activity, leads to

increased cytokine synthesis with local vasodilatory effect causing increased perfusion.

An increased metabolism causes increased production of waste materials, leading to

cytokine production that causes localized vasodilation, thereby increasing tissue

perfusion[ CITATION Che17 \l 1033 ]. Pain is a stressor, and it is associated with increased

activities, leading to an increase in tissue perfusion and this relationship is so direct and profound

that the perfusion index can be used objectively in pain monitoring. Motion brings about an

increase in tissue activity, and to maintain a physiologic state, there is usually a decrease in

peripheral vascular resistance, thereby leading to increase perfusion. A fall in perfusion to tissue

can damage that issue, leading to a fall in tissue integrity. It can lead to tissue death (Clark, et al.,

2017) The intracranial pressure directly affects the cerebral perfusion pressure as an increase in

intracranial pressure causes a fall in intracerebral perfusion due to the skull's enclosed cavity.
DISCUSSION POST 2

Hypertension can be managed using lifestyle modifications like reduction in salt intake

and pharmacological agents like Beta-blockers, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor, etc.

Heart failure is treated using drugs such as Digoxin.

DISCUSSION POST 3

References

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Clark, A. L., Bangen, K. J., Sorg, S. F., Schiehser, D. M., Evangelista, N. D., McKenna, B., . . .

Delano-Wood, L. (2017). Dynamic association between perfusion and white matter

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Jones, G., Clancy, N. T., Helo, Y., Arridge, S., Elson, D. S., & Stoyanov, D. (2017). Bayesian

Estimation of Intrinsic Tissue Oxygenation and Perfusion From RGB Images. IEEE

Transactions on Medical Imaging, 36(7), 1491-1501.

doi:https://www.doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2017.2665627