ME 463- MACHINE

DESIGN 2
Instructor: Engr. Danielle D. Cabana, MEng
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Cebu Institute of Technology - University

Reference:
Machinery’s Handbook 29th Edition, Unit 11:
Machine Elements, Chapter 7: Transmission
Chains
CHAIN DRIVES
Chain Drives
We have seen in previous chapters on belt and rope drives that slipping may occur. In order to
avoid slipping, steel chains are used. The chains are made up of number of rigid links which are
hinged together by pin joints in order to provide the necessary flexibility for wrapping round the
driving and driven wheels. The toothed wheels are known as sprocket wheels or simply
sprockets. The sprockets and the chain are thus constrained to move together without slipping
and ensures perfect velocity ratio.
Chain and Sprocket tensioning procedure
Advantages of using chain drives
1. As no slip takes place during chain drive, hence perfect velocity ratio is
obtained.
2. Since the chains are made of metal, therefore they occupy less space in width
than a belt or
rope drive.
3. It may be used for both long as well as short distances.
4. It gives a high transmission efficiency (up to 98 percent).
5. It gives less load on the shafts.
6. It has the ability to transmit motion to several shafts by one chain only.
7. It transmits more power than belts.
8. It permits high speed ratio of 8 to 10 in one step.
9. It can be operated under adverse temperature and atmospheric conditions.
Disadvantages of using chain drives
1. The production cost of chains is relatively high.
2. The chain drive needs accurate mounting and careful
maintenance, particularly lubrication and slack adjustment.
3. The chain drive has velocity fluctuations especially when
unduly stretched.
Power transmitting chains
1. Block or bush chain. A block or bush chain is shown in
Fig. 21.6. This type of chain was used in the early stages of
development in the power transmission.
Bush roller chain. A bush roller chain as shown in Fig. 21.7,
consists of outer plates or pin link plates, inner plates or roller
link plates, pins, bushes and rollers.
Silent chain. A silent chain (also known as inverted tooth
chain) is shown in Fig. 21.9.
Terms used in chain drives
• Pitch of chain, p - It is the
distance between the hinge
center of a link and the
corresponding hinge center of
the adjacent link.
• Pitch circle diameter of chain
sprocket , D - It is the diameter
of the circle on which the hinge
centers of the chain lie, when the
chain is wrapped round a
sprocket.
Design calculations and considerations on
chain drives
Relation between pitch and pitch circle diameter
360° 180°
𝑝 = 𝐷 sin = 𝐷 sin
2𝑇 𝑇
Sprocket outside diameter for satisfactory operation, 𝑫𝒐
𝐷𝑜 = 𝐷 + 0.8𝑑1
d1 = Diameter of the chain roller.
Velocity Ratio of chain drives, V.R.
𝑁1 𝑇2
𝑉. 𝑅. = =
𝑁2 𝑇1
Average velocity of the chain, v
𝜋𝐷𝑁 𝑇𝑝𝑁
𝑣= =
60 60
Design calculations and considerations on
chain drives
Minimum and maximum linear velocity of sprocket
𝜋𝑑𝑁
𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 = , 𝑚/𝑠
60
𝜋𝑑𝑁 cos 𝜃Τ2
𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 = , 𝑚/𝑠
60
We see that the linear velocity of the
sprocket is not uniform but varies from
maximum to minimum during every cycle
of tooth engagement. This results in
fluctuations in chain transmission and may
be minimized by reducing the angle 𝜃 or
by increasing the number of teeth on the
sprocket.
ANSI Roller Chain Dimensions
(ASME/ANSI B29.1M-1986)
 Heavy
Standard Series
Series
Max.
Roller Pin Thickness
Pitch (P) Standard Measuri Thickness
Diameter Width Diam of Link
Chain ng Load of Link
Dr (W) eter Plates
No. (lb) Plates LPT
Dp LPT

0.250 20.130 25 0.125 0.091 0.030 18

0.375 0.200 35 0.188 0.141 0.050 18
0.500 0.306 41 0.250 0.141 0.050 18
Table 1: ANSI Roller
0.500 0.312 40 0.312 0.156 0.060 31
chain dimensions
0.625 0.400 50 0.375 0.200 0.080 49
ASME/ANSI B29.1M-
0.750 0.469 60 0.500 0.234 0.094 70 0.125
1986 1.000 0.625 80 0.625 0.312 0.125 125 0.156
1.250 0.750 100 0.750 0.375 0.156 195 0.187
1.500 0.875 120 1.000 0.437 0.187 281 0.219
1.750 1.000 140 1.000 0.500 0.219 383 0.250
2.000 1.125 160 1.250 0.562 0.250 500 0.281
2.250 1.406 180 1.406 0.687 0.281 633 0.312
2.500 1.562 200 1.500 0.781 0.312 781 0.375
3.000 1.875 240 1.875 0.937 0.375 1000 0.500
×
Standard roller chain numbers.
Types of Sprockets and their
lubrication.
Lubrication
• Type A – Manual or Drip Lubrication - In manual
lubrication, oil is applied copiously with a brush or spout can
at least once every eight hours of operation. In drip
lubrication, oil drops from a drip lubricator are directed
between the link plate edges.
• Type B – Bath or Disc Lubrication - In bath lubrication,
the lower strand of the chain runs through a sump of oil in
the drive housing. The diameter of the disc should be such as
to produce rim speeds of between 600 and 8000 feet per
minute.
Type C – Oil Stream Lubrication - The lubricant is usually
supplied by a circulating pump capable of supplying each
chain drive with a continuous stream of oil. The oil should be
applied inside the chain loop evenly across the chain width
and directed at the slack strand.
Capacities of chain
The capacities of chains are based on the following:
• 15,000 h at full load
• Single strand
• ANSI proportions
• Service factor of unity
• 100 pitches in length
• Recommended lubrication
• Elongation maximum of 3 percent
• Horizontal shafts
• Two 17-tooth sprockets
Horsepower ratings for Roller Chain
To properly use this table the following factors must be taken
into consideration:
1. Service factors (found in Table 3)
2. Multiple Strand Factors - For two strands, the multiple
strand factor is 1.7; for three strands, it is 2.5; and for four
strands, it is 3.3.
3. Lubrication – Required type of lubrication is explained
in Art VIII.
Service Factors
Type of Input Power

Type of driven Internal Combustion Internal Combustion

Load Electric Motor or
Engine with Engine with
Turbine
Hydraulic Drive Mechanical Drive

Smooth 1.0 1.0 1.2

Moderate 1.2 1.3 1.4
Shock
Heavy Shock 1.4 1.5 1.7

ℎ𝑝 𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑 × 𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟

𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 ℎ𝑝 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑 =
𝑀𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
 Roller Chain Pitch
No. of teeth 5/8 3/4
Max Bore Diameter
11 31/32 1¼
12 1 5/32 1 9/32
13 1 9/32 1½
Recommended Roller 14
15
1 5/16
1 17/32
1¾
1 25/32
chain Sprocket 16 1 11/16 1 31/32
17 1 25/32 2 7/32
maximum bore. 18 1 7/8 2 9/32
19 2 1/16 2 7/16
20 2¼ 2 11/16
21 2 9/32 2 13/16
22 2 7/16 2 15/16
23 2 5/8 3 1/8
24 2 13/16 3¼
25 2 27/32 3 3/8
Seatwork (Machinery’s Handbook)

A roller chain is to transmit 5 hp from a gearmotor to a wood-working

machine, with moderate shock. The 1-in output shaft of the gearmotor
turns n = 500 rpm . The 1 ¼-in. driven shaft turns 250 rpm; C »16 in . (a)
Determine the size of sprockets and pitch of chain that may be used. If a
catalog is available, be sure maximum bore of sprocket is sufficient to fit
the shafts. (b) Compute the center distance and length of chain. (c) What
method should be used to supply oil to the chain?
Zero of roller chains of usual proportions,
1 for a light weight chain, and 5 for
rollerless bushing chain.

80H
1
The number of 8’s H denotes heavy
series, non for
in the pitch
standard series.