Since this stuff seems to be disputed with alarming regularity, I’ve decided to compile a list of

how long it takes to travel to places. I started with this map, which is in French, because the
version I had had the wall work out to something like 149 pixels long. The wall is a hundred
leagues (three hundred miles long), so it’s really simple to ballpark distances by simply doubling
the number of pixels between things.

This assumes, of course, that the map is to scale. It’s possible it’s not. Martin doesn’t include
scales on his maps in the book and I’ve seen maps that differ in their interpretation of what the
exact geography of any given location is. All these figures are ballparks. I’ll deal with how
quickly people travel later in this doc.

THE WESTERLANDS
Casterly Rock to the Golden Tooth: 240 miles
Casterly Rock to Lannisport: <40 miles
Casterly Rock to Kayce: 12 miles by sea and 100 miles by land
Casterly Rock to Deep Den (Goldroad): 240 miles (Deep Den is due north of Silver Hill)
Deep Den to King’s Landing (Goldroad): 590 miles
Kayce to Faircastle (by raven): 480 miles
Faircastle to the Crag (by water): 115 miles
The Crag to Ashemark: 85 miles
Ashemark to Casterly Rock: 170 miles
Ashemark to the Golden Tooth: 100 miles
Lannisport to Crakehall: 260 miles
Crakehall to Old Oak: 130 miles

THE REACH
Old Oak to Highgarden: 275 miles
Highgarden to Oldtown: 330 miles
Oldtown to Blackcrown: 110 miles
Oldtown to Three Towers: 120 miles
Blackcrown to Three Towers (by water): 60 miles
Three Towers to the Arbor (by water): 140 miles
Blackcrown to the Arbor (by water): 180 miles
Mouth of the Mander River to the Shield Islands: 70 miles
Highgarden to Golden Grove (either): 150 miles
Golden Grove to Silverhill (either): 220 miles
Highgarden to King’s Landing (Roseroad): 760 miles
Highgarden to the Crownlands (Roseroad): 600 miles
Highgarden to Cider Hall (by river): 140 miles
Cider Hall to Longtable (by river): 100 miles
Cider Hall to Ashford (by river): 110 miles
Longtable to Bitterbridge (by river): 70 miles
Longtable to Grassy Vale (by river): 200 miles
THE RIVERLANDS
Harroway to Oldstones (by water): 270 miles
Seagard to Oldstones: 75 miles
Seagard to The Twins: 60 miles
Seagard to the Iron Islands (equidistant, by water): 390 miles
Harroway to the Twins: 365 miles
Harroway to Riverrun: 270 miles
Riverrun to Casterly Rock: 420 miles
Riverrun to Harrenhal: 255 miles
Harrenhal to Harroway: 90 miles
Harrenhal to the Kingsroad (due northeast): 40 miles
Harroway to King’s Landing (Kingsroad): 400 miles
Riverrun to Pinkmaiden: 215 miles
Harroway to Saltpans: 145 miles
Harroway to the Vale (Highroad): 60 miles
Saltpans to Maidenpool (by water): 95 miles
Maidenpool to Harroway: 240 miles
Maidenpool to King’s Landing: 270 miles

THE VALE
Note: there’s a lot of geography in the way here. These figures are especially rough.
Border to the Bloody Gate: 170 miles
The Bloody Gate to the Eyrie: 70 miles
Saltpans to Wickenden (by water): 180 miles
Wickenden to Gulltown (by water): 310 miles
Gulltown to Runestone: 40 miles
Runestone to Iron Oaks (by water): 135 miles
Runestone to Old Anchor (by water): 95 miles
Old Anchor to Longbow Hall (by raven): 115 miles
Old Anchor to Longbow Hall (by water): 240 miles
Longbow Hall to Snakewoods (by water): 350 miles
Longbow Hall to Baelish Keep: 90 miles
Snakewoods to Heart’s Home (by water): 125 miles
Heart’s Home to Strong Song (by water): 180 miles
Snakewoods to Coldwater (by raven): 70 miles
Snakewoods to Coldwater (by water): 450 miles
The Sisters (equidistant) to Pebble Island (by water): 190 miles
Pebble Island to The Paps (by water): 120 miles
The Paps to Coldwater (by water): 160 miles
The Sisters (equidistant) to White Harbor (by water): 275 miles

THE CROWNLANDS
King’s Landing to Casterly Rock (Goldroad): 830 miles
King’s Landing to Highgarden (Roseroad): 760 miles
King’s Landing to Storm’s End (Kingsroad): 385 miles
King’s Landing to Winterfell (Kingsroad): 1460 miles
King’s Landing to Duskendale: 160 miles
Duskendale to Maidenpool: 145 miles
Duskendale to Rook’s Rest: 125 miles
Rook’s Rest to Dyre Den: 120 miles
King’s Landing to the Wendwater: 210 miles
King’s Landing to Sharp Point (by water): 320 miles
Sharp Point to Dragonstone (by water): 100 miles
Dragonstone to Rook’s Rest (by water): 140 miles
Dragonstone to Gulltown (by water): 410 miles

THE STORMLANDS
Wendwater to Bronze Gate: 80 miles
Bronze Gate to Storm’s End: 95 miles
Storm’s End to Evenfall Hall (by water): 180 miles
Storm’s End to Griffin’s Roost: 110 miles
Storm’s End to Rain House (by water): 200 miles
Storm’s End to Summerhall: 260 miles
Summerhall to Blackhaven: 140 miles
Blackhaven to Wyl (Boneway): 220 miles
Rain House to Mistwood: 180 miles
Mistwood to Weeping Tower: 50 miles
Weeping Tower to Wyl (by water): 370 miles
Mistwood to Stonehelm: 160 miles
Stonehelm to Grandview (by water): 150 miles

DORNE
Wyl to Yronwood (Boneway): 270 miles
Yronwood to The Tor: 220 miles
The Tor to Godsgrace: 90 miles
Godsgrace to Lemonwood (by water): 180 miles
Godsgrace to Sunspear: 250 miles
Godsgrace to Saltshore: 90 miles
Saltshore to Vaith: 135 miles
Vaith to Hellholt: 230 miles
Hellholt to Sandstone: 115 miles
Hellholt to Starfell: 170 miles
Hellholt to Skyreach: 140 miles
Skyreach to Yronwood: 180 miles
THE NORTH
Harroway to Moat Cailin (Kingsroad): 700 miles
Moat Cailin to Cerwyn (Kingsroad): 260 miles
Cerwyn to Winterfell (Kingsroad): 100 miles
Greywater Watch to Kingsroad: ~75 miles
Flint’s Finger to Kingsroad: 500 miles
Moat Cailin to Whiteharbor: 160 miles
Whiteharbor to Winterfell: 340 miles
Whiteharbor to Ramsgate: 260 miles
Ramsgate to Hornwood: 220 miles
Ramsgate to Widow’s Watch: 230 miles
Widow’s Watch to Karhold (by water): 480 miles
Karhold to Last Hearth: 260 miles
Karhold to Dreadfort: 260 miles
Dreadfort to Last Hearth: 210 miles
Dreadfort to Winterfell: 350 miles
Winterfell to Torrhen’s Square: 230 miles
Winterfell to Deepwood Motte: 350 miles
Deepwood Motte to Torrhen’s Square: 320 miles
Deepwood Motte to Bear Island (by water): 140 miles
Winterfell to Castle Black (by raven): 600 miles
Winterfell to Castle Black (Kingsroad): 650 miles
Winterfell to Hornwood: 280 miles
Barrowton to Kingsroad: 260 miles
Barrowton to Torrhen’s Square: 125 miles by land, 60 miles by water
Barrowton to the Saltspear (by water): 115 miles
Barrowton to Flint’s Finger (by water): 280 miles

BY SEA
Iron Islands to Flint’s Finger (by water): 640 miles
Iron Islands to Bear Island (by water): 1500 miles
Iron Islands to Faircastle (by water): 280 miles
Iron Islands to Lannisport (by water): 650 miles
Iron Islands to the Shield Islands (by water): 980 miles
Lannisport to the Shield Islands (by water): 600 miles
The Shield Islands to the Arbor (by water): 630 miles
The Arbor to the Dornish Coast (by water): 300 miles
The Southern Dornish Coastline to Lemonwood (by water): 900 miles
Lemonwood to Lys (by water): 530 miles
Lemonwood to Sunspear (by water): 85 miles
Sunspear to Tyrosh (by water): 430 miles
Tyrosh to Lys (by water): 475 miles
Tyrosh to Myr (by water): 300 miles
BY SEA (con’t)
Tyrosh to Storm’s End (by water): 450 miles
Tyrosh to Dragonstone (by water): 700 miles
Tyrosh to Pentos (by water): 660 miles
Tyrosh to Gulltown (by water): 1025 miles
Pentos to Gulltown (by water): 795 miles
Braavos to Runestone (by water): 420 miles
Braavos to Pentos (by water): 900 miles
Braavos to Tyrosh (by water): 1230 miles
Braavos to Ramsgate (by water): 770 miles
Braavos to the Paps (by water): 450 miles
Braavos to Lorath (by water): 380 miles
Lorath to the Port of Ibben (by water): 3000 miles
Lys to Volantis (by water): 800 miles
Volantis to Naath (by water): 1270 miles
Volantis to New Ghis (by water, circumventing Valyria): 2000 miles
New Ghis to Old Ghis (by water): 360 miles
New Ghis to Astapor (by water): 1400 miles
New Ghis to Yunkai (by water): 1530 miles
New Ghis to Meereen (by water): 1640 miles
New Ghis to Bhorash (by water): 1470 miles
New Ghis to Qarth (by water): 1360 miles
New Ghis to Ax Island (by water): 420 miles
New Ghis to Valyria: 740 miles by water, 100 miles by land
Astapor to Yunkai (by water): 280 miles
Yunkai to Meereen (by water): 130 miles
Volantis to Dagger Lake (by water): 715 miles
Dagger Lake to Qohor (by water): 430 miles
Dagger Lake to Norvos (by water): 470 miles
The Stepstones to the Wall (by water): 2870 miles
The Smoking Sea (west-east): 520 miles

ESSOS BY LAND
Myr to Selhorys: 420 miles
Selhorys to Volantis: 300 miles
Selhorys to Qohor: 740 miles
Qohor to Norvos: 525 miles
Norvos to Pentos: 525 miles
Volantis to Mantarys: 650 miles
Volantis to Myr: 725 miles
Vaes Dothrak to Volantis: 2320 miles
Vaes Dothrak to Dagger Lake: 2230 miles
Vaes Dothrak to Qohor: 1850 miles
Vaes Dothrak to Bhorash: 1350 miles
Mantarys to Bhorash: 390 miles
Mantarys to Oros: 510 miles
Bhorash to Meereen: 420 miles
Meereen to Yunkai: 145 miles
Yunkai to Astapor: 320 miles
Meereen to Vaes Dothrak: 1115 miles
Meereen to Qarth (by raven): 1435 miles
Astapor to Qarth (by raven): 1445 miles
Lys to the Disputed Lands (by sea): 140 miles
Tyrosh to the Dispute Lands (by sea): 20 miles
Myr to Dagger Lake: 650 miles
Myr to Pentos: 650 miles
Pentos to Braavos (by raven): 720 miles
Norvos to Braavos (by raven): 640 miles

HOW LONG TO TRAVEL - SHIPS

Ships were one of the most reliable ways to go places prior to the advent of the steam engine.
Sometimes these ships relied on oar power, sometimes sails, sometimes both. It depended on
were sailing. Ships that relied on oars exclusively (ie, galleys) typically didn’t carry much in the
way of stores and that meant frequent stops. And that, in turn, meant hugging the coastline. Oar
power wasn’t reliable on the high seas but if you were cruising around some place like the
Mediterranean, it was great. Sailing ships, while they could be less reliable in terms of speed
where wind was unreliable (and, while not held hostage by the prevailing winds, the prevailing
winds played a huge role in influencing their speed), packed more stores and could more
reliably cross great distances. Combination ships were ships that could use either sails or oars
to propel themselves. While basically every galley had a sail, they weren’t really sail-powered;
their speed came mostly from oars. By the late 16th century we see that trend begin to change
with the introduction of the galleass (which was closer to a combination ship). Galleasses were
also a great deal more seaworthy than galleys: a few accompanied the Spanish Armada in
1588, having proven their use in 1571 at Lepanto. By the 17th century it was pretty clear that
sailing ships, by virtue of cannons, had eclipsed galleys.

But how fast were they? Assuming ideal conditions (favorable winds, a skilled crew, etc.), a
sailing ship could average around 6 knots over a trip. That translates to 168 miles per day,
assuming sailing day and night (it wasn’t uncommon to just stop sailing at night, especially in
unfamiliar waters or near coastlines). As a rule of thumb, sailing at less than 3.5 knots typically
meant a ship was sailing with unfavorable winds (tacking into the wind is a slow, laborious
process). But the quality of a crew is also a rather large influence. Less experienced crews will
tend to sail more slowly simply because they lack the experience necessary to make the kinds
of rapid adjustments necessary to keep a sailing ship going at top speed.

Galley speeds are even tougher. Galleys could maintain a modest pace or they could effectively
“sprint” at their target (this was especially common in ancient warfare when they had rams;
“sprints” at up to 12 knots weren’t entirely out of the question). But, for the most part, you could
probably expect to get about 3 knots out of them on a reliable basis. Ships that were crewed by
professional rowers (like those employed by Venetian galleys) are more likely to reach higher
and more consistent speeds than ships crewed largely by slaves (ie, most galleys). Of course,
professional rowers are a lot more expensive than slaves.

Rivers complicate the math. They don’t have consistent speeds. A good rule of thumb is 3
knots. But this isn’t consistent; it’s possible to sail along the inside curve of the river, where the
current is weaker, but that is more difficult with draft (how far down into the water the ship
extends). Sailing ships tend to have greater draft than oar-powered ships.

As for prevailing winds: that’s a bit tougher but more because of geography than anything else.
If Westeros’ world is roughly the same size as Earth, and assuming the equator is located south
of Dorne (or in southern Dorne), then the prevailing winds would blow from east to west
(easterlies) south of the Neck and from west to east (westerlies) north of the Neck. I wouldn’t
weight these more than one knot either way.

In the case of ships like cogs (sailing ships that are largely used to move stuff around), I’d
expect them to move slowly compared to everything else. Those kinds of ships are built for hold
space, not for speed.
So, to summarize: ~5 knots for sailing ships and 3 knots for cogs and galleys. Longships would
probably consistently exceed 6 knots (the Norse were supposedly able to sail to Norway from
Iceland in 3 days, which would suggest an average speed of 8 knots); call it ~7 knots. Rivers
would function to increase or decrease a ship’s speed by ~2 knots.

HOW LONG TO TRAVEL - BY LAND

Let’s get this out of the way: horses are not motorcycles. If you keep your horse at the gallop all
day, it will be dead by lunchtime and then you’re stuck walking. The main benefit of having a
horse when you travel is that you don’t have to walk. Or, if you’re hauling stuff, the benefit is that
it hauls the stuff for you. Horses don’t magically make you travel faster unless you’re traveling
shorter distances or you’ve got a relay station (like the Pony Express) or have half a dozen
spare mounts (like the Mongols).

Horse or not, the average travel speed for someone not laden down with pack animals or
wagons or the like is about 3 miles per hour over the course of perhaps 8 hours (remember,
you’ve got to stop for everything from taking a leak to cooking dinner). A lord and his escort
could probably match that pace without too much trouble (and possibly push an average of 4
mph when alternating horses between the walk and trot).

Armies, on the other hand, were notoriously slow. The Ottomans kept extremely detailed
records of their campaigns. In the case of the 1663 campaign to Hungary, the Ottoman army
spent 52 days marching (for a total of 231 hours at the march) and 67 days at rest (119 days
total). In the case of a 1638 campaign in Mesopotamia, the Ottoman army spent 121 days at
march (544 hours at the march) and 76 days at rest (197 days total). In the cases of the 1663
campaign, the Ottomans averaged 4.44 hours at the march when they were actually moving; in
the case of the 1638 campaign, they averaged 4.49 hours at the march when they were actually
moving. Given the remarkably disparate typography, it’s safe to say that 4.4-4.5 hours at march
was reasonably consistent over most pre-modern armies that were marching through friendly
territory with pre-positioned supply points. The Ottomans had supply depots every three
leagues, after all, and that meant that their supply train could be shorter since it wouldn’t need to
carry every single bushel of grain needed from the very beginning. And that, in turn, sped it up.
Based on the distances they were traveling, the Ottoman troops appeared to have been
marching at a rate of about 3.1 mph the case of the Hungarian campaign and a paltry 2.5 mph
in the case of the Mesopotamian campaign (the slower speed was possibly necessitated by hot
weather and poorer roads).[Marching info: Rhoads Murphey’s Ottoman Warfare: 1500-1700]

While there are a few examples of armies reaching faster speeds (Vegetius says the Roman
legions could march 20 miles in 5 hours, which suggests an average speed of 4mph… but that’s
the supposed rate, not the actual rate obtained), these tend to be very specific examples that
don’t give a good idea of how long it took armies to get places.

Tatar auxiliaries in Ottoman campaigns, who famously had lots of spare mounts, achieved
basically the same speed per hour but could stay on the march for 12 hours.
These are my educated guesses for speeds are as follows.

Large groups of infantry: 3 mph over established paths, 2 mph over rugged terrain. Depending
on how hostile the terrain is, expected to be at the march between 1.5 and 3 hours per day
(accounting for rest days and such). Add a few additional days for crossing major rivers and the
like. Certain obstacles, like mountains and the deep desert, are functionally impassable to large
groups.

Mounted individuals: 3 mph over about 5 hours. For each spare mount available, add 2 hours;
not to exceed 12 hours even if we’re talking about people who all but live in the saddle (ie,
Dothraki).

Pack animals: The supply train typically marched half again as long as the infantry (Ottoman
records suggest that less than 6 hours at the march was unusual). I would expect pack animals
to move no more quickly than about 2 mph under most conditions; slower if the roads are bad or
congested. Carriages and the like are similar.

Individuals on foot: 3 mph over an 8 hour day, assuming reasonably flat and unobstructed roads
and someone used to all that walking.