Class 10-CBSE-Important Q/A

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Class 10-CBSE-Important Q/A

CBSE Class 10 Mathematics

Important Questions
Chapter6
Triangles
Q1. In  ABC , DE BC refer Fig 1. Find the value of x .

Fig 1

Solution:
Given that in  ABC , DE BC .

Basic proportionality theorem: If a line is drawn parallel to one side of the triangle to
intersect the other two sides at distinct points, the other two sides are divided in the
same ratio.

Applying the Basic proportionality theorem, we get:

AD AE
=
DB EC
x x+3
=
x +1 x + 5
x( x + 5) = ( x + 1)( x + 3)
x 2 + 5 x = x 2 + 3x + x + 3
5x = 4 x + 3
5x − 4 x = 3
x=3

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Class 10-CBSE-Important Q/A

Q2. In the given Fig 2 DEFG is a square and  BAC = 90 .

Show that FG = BG  FC
2

Fig 2

Solution:
Given:
DEFG is a square
BAC = 90

DE GF ......... ( Opposite sides of square )

DE BC

Similarly,
Taking DE BC and AB as transversal
ADE = DBG ........ (1) ..... ( Corresponding angles )

Similarly,
Taking DE BC and AC as transversal
AED = ECF ........ (2) ..... ( Corresponding angles )

Now in  ADE and  BDG

 ADE = DBG .............. from(1) 
 DGB +  DGF = 180 ....... (Supplementary angles )
 DGF = 90 ....... ( Angle of square DEFG )
 DGB = 90

Therefore by AA similarity the  ADE  BDG .............. ( 3)

Similarly,
 ADE  EFC ................... ( 4 )

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Class 10-CBSE-Important Q/A

From ( 3) and ( 4 ) we can write,

 BDG  EFC ................... ( 5)

In  BDG and  EFC

DBG  FEC
GD  FC
BDG  FCE
BG  FE
BGD  EFC
BD  EC

From ( 5 ) , we can write:

GD BG
=
FC FE

We know that GD = FE = FG as they are sides of the square DEFG ,

FG BG
=
FC FG
FG 2 = BG  FC

2
Q3.  ABC and  BDE are two equilateral triangles such that BD = BC .
3
Find the ratio of areas of triangles ABC and BDE

Solution:
Given:
 ABC and  BDE are equilateral triangles
2
BD = BC
3

From the given data , we can draw the figure as shown in Fig 3.

Fig 3

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Class 10-CBSE-Important Q/A

Theorem of Areas of similar triangles: The ratio of the areas of two similar triangles
is equal to the square of the ratio of their corresponding sides.

So, we can write,

Area ( ABC ) BC 2
=
Area (  BDE ) BD 2
BC 2
= 2
2 
 BC 
3 
9 BC 2
=
4 BC 2
Area (  ABC ) 9
=
Area (  BDE ) 4

Area (  ABC ) : Area (  BDE ) = 9 : 4

Q4. What is the value of a if a , a − 1 , a + 8 are the lengths of the sides of a

right triangle where ‘a’ is a natural number?

Solution:
Given: a , a − 1 , a + 8 are sides of a right angled triangle

From the three lengths given, we can say that a + 8 is the longest side as a is a
natural number and will always be positive.

Hence, a + 8 is the hypotenuse

Pythagoras theorem: In a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the
sum of the squares of the other two sides.

Hence, we can write:

(a + 8) 2 = a 2 + (a − 1) 2
a 2 + 16a + 64 = a 2 + a 2 − 2a + 1
a 2 + 16a + 64 = 2a 2 − 2a + 1
2a 2 − 2a + 1 − a 2 − 16a − 64 = 0
a 2 − 18a − 63 = 0
a 2 − 21a + 3a − 63 = 0
a (a − 21) + 3(a − 21) = 0
(a − 21)(a + 3) = 0

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Class 10-CBSE-Important Q/A

a = 21, or − 3

The length cannot be negative, so a = −3 is discarded.

Hence, the value of a = 21

Q5. ABC is an isosceles triangle in which B = 90 . Two similar triangles

 ACP and  ABQ are drawn on the sides of AC and AB . Find the ratio
of Area (  ABQ ) and Area (  ACP ) .

Solution:
Given:
 ABC is an isosceles triangle

So,
AB = BC
B = 90
 ABQ  ACP

From the given data the fig can be drawn as shown in Fig 4

Fig 4

Let AB = BC = a

By Pythagoras theorem, we can write:

AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2
AC 2 = a 2 + a 2
AC 2 = 2a 2
AC = 2a 2
AC = a 2

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Class 10-CBSE-Important Q/A

Given that  ABQ  ACP

Theorem of Areas of similar triangles: The ratio of the areas of two similar triangles
is equal to the square of the ratio of their corresponding sides.

Therefore, we can write:

Area (  ABQ )  AB 
2

= 
Area (  ACP )  AC 
2
 a 
= 
a 2
a2
= 2
2a
Area (  ABQ ) 1
=
Area (  ACP ) 2

Therefore,
Area (  ABQ ) : Area (  ACP ) = 1: 2

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