UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA

Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering

DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS

STATICS / SOLID MECHANICS I LABORATORY

LAPORAN MAKMAL BERKUMPULAN /GROUP LABORATORY REPORT

BDA17301 ENGINEERING MECHANICS LABORATORY I
Kod M/Pelajaran/ ENGINEERING MECHANICS
BDA 17301
Subject Code LABORATORY I
Kod & Tajuk Ujikaji/
T10 – THIN CYLINDER
Code & Title of Experiment
Kod Kursus/ Seksyen /Section
BDA 17301
Course Code 11
No. K.P / I.C No.
Kumpulan/Group GROUP 4
000920050319
MUHAMMAD SHAMIM AMIR BIN No. Matrik
Nama Pelajar/Name of Student
MOHD NASIR DD200107
1. MR SHAMSURI BIN MOHAMED RASIDI
Lecturer/Instructor/Tutor’s Name
2. MISS NUR ZAHA BINTI HASSAN
Nama Ahli Kumpulan/
No. Matrik Penilaian / Assesment
Group Members
MUHAMMAD IKHWAN BIN
1. AD200130 Teori / Theory 10 %
MOHD SHAFIE
MUHAMMAD MUNIB ABID
2. AD200204 Keputusan / Results 15 %
AQEEL
MUHAMMAD SHAFIQ BIN Pemerhatian
3. DD200032 20 %
MOHAMAD SHAM /Observation
MUHAMMAD SYAKIR BIN
4. AD200104 Pengiraan / Calculation 10 %
ROSDI
Perbincangan /
5. 25 %
Discussions
Tarikh Ujikaji / Kesimpulan /
20/6/2021 15 %
Date of Experiment Conclusion
Tarikh Hantar /
27/6/2021 Rujukan / References 5%
Date of Submission
JUMLAH / TOTAL 100%

COP DITERIMA/APPROVED
ULASAN PEMERIKSA/COMMENTS STAMP
1.0 THEORY
In mechanics, a cylinder stress is a stress distribution with rotational symmetry,
that is, which remains unchanged if the stressed object is rotated about some fixed
axis. Cylinder stress patterns including circumferential stress, or hoop stress, a
normal stress in the tangential direction. Secondly axial stress, a normal stress
parallel to the axis of cylindrical symmetry. Then, radial stress, a normal stress in
directions coplanar with but perpendicular to the symmetry axis.
These three principal stresses- hoop, longitudinal, and radial can be calculated
analytically using a mutually perpendicular tri-axial stress system.

The hoop stress is the force over area exerted circumferentially (perpendicular to
the axis and the radius of the object) in both directions on every particle in the
cylinder wall. It can be described as:
𝐹
𝜎𝜃 =
𝑡𝑙
where:
 F is the force exerted circumferentially on an area of the cylinder wall that
has the following two lengths as sides:
 t is the radial thickness of the cylinder.
 l is the axial length of the cylinder.
An alternative to hoop stress in describing circumferential stress is wall stress or
wall tension (T), which usually is defined as the total circumferential force exerted
along the entire radial thickness:
𝐹
𝑇=
𝐿
Cylindrical coordinates
Along with axial stress and radial stress, circumferential stress is a component of
the stress tensor in cylindrical coordinates.

It is usually useful to decompose any force applied to an object with rotational

symmetry into components parallel to the cylindrical coordinates r, z, and θ. These
components of force induce corresponding stresses: radial stress, axial stress, and
hoop stress, respectively.
2.0 RESULTS
Table 2.1: Thin Cylinder with Open Ends Experiment 1
Pressure Gauge
1 2 3 4 5 6
0.5 94.6 -30.6 98.4
1.0 191.2 -62.4 198.4
1.5 290.6 -96.4 301.2
2.0 387.8 -130.2 401.4
2.5 484.2 -164.2 501.2
3.0 582.2 -198.0 3.2 190.4 377.8 603.0

Table 2.2: Thin Cylinder with Closed Ends Experiment 2

Pressure Gauge
1 2 3 4 5 6
3.0 487.8 103.4 203.0 292.6 378.0 508.0

3.0 OBSERVATIONS
From the experiment, all works was implemented well without any obstacles.
The experiment was running well that makes the results obtained were logical and
suits with the requirements. From the results, the number of readings started to
change to negative when it comes to second gauge. It went positive to all readings
accept for the second gauge. The readings are increases when the amount of
pressure applied increases. It all went well when it comes to second experiment
which is closed ends experiment. Overall, all of the data and results obtained were
logical and acceptable.
4.0 CALCULATIONS
 Ps ' ').5 M f.,
t .., g3H'(lD"
:(9.5x10')(0 D\).
-OooJ b'h(0' L:(.() '3 c 3 10')
{,'11<10 1
= S S 33 Ml• 4-. 3·-no·"
- I s- 9 )( 1D_.,,

R, l OM('..

{l: (? 0'(1oj(oov-)
0003 -
t-1-1• <i-o )< 10 6
(, • (- o.33)(cio,10')
6'k 101
G9xto'
:
40 Mf
' (.9{ X \0-<.
"- s.g xw·"

=J? oxw')J_o.o'!) ,(4ox10?- (·0- 3)(20 11'.)2

'.2(0 003) (,9 X !Di
= 10 MPo =6.1 xw-«t
61',1(3 o-.no6J(o o4-)
0003 'c, L: i( J - V 0-,.)
:: ('.2ox1ot)-(-033)( Di<10')
l,9xto
lt-.i( X(O-¥
5.0 DISCUSSIONS
i. For open end, the cylinder has no axial load, so there is no direct axial
stress but for the closed end, the cylinder has axial loads, so there is
direct axial stress.
ii. A uniaxial stress or force acts in one direction only. Metals are tested
under uniaxial stress. When a specimen is subjected to a uniaxial
loading (along its primary axis) the force acting over the cross-sectional
area generates a tensile stress and strain within the material.
The more general stress condition in which the stresses on an element
acts in both x and y directions and all stress components in z-
direction vanish is known as biaxial stress system.

6.0 CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, we were unable to comprehensive analysis of stresses and
strains in a thin cylinder under internal pressure. We also investigated the cylinder
in both open-end and closed-ends condition. Furthermore, we also apprehended
the concept of a biaxial stress system, Youngs modulus, Poisson’s ratio and the
use of strain gauges. From the experiment, the results are totally nice and logical
according to the data given. It really shows that the calculation and the results
obtained were accurate and suits with the experiment requirements. The problems
that always faced is the wrong pressure was kicked in. The way to avoid it is
carefully and slowly put the right pressure to the machine to avoid any inaccurate
data and results. Other than that, make sure all of the setups are well before
implement the experiment.
7.0 REFERENCES
i. Biaxal Stress System. Retrieved from
https://engrasad.weebly.com/uploads/1/4/2/1/14213514/biaxial_stress_syst
em_new.pdf
ii. The Thin-walled Pressure Vessel Theory. Retrieved from
http://homepages.engineering.auckland.ac.nz/~pkel015/SolidMechanicsBo
oks/Part_I/BookSM_Part_I/07_ElasticityApplications/07_Elasticity_Appli
cations_03_Presure_Vessels.pdf
iii. Beer, F.P., Johnston, E. R. and Deworlf, J.T. (2009). Mechanics
of Materials, 5th Edition, Mc Graw Hill.
iv. Hibbeler, R.C. (2008). Mechanics of Materials, 7th Edition, Pearson
Prentice Hall.
v. Ugural, A.C. (2008). Mechanics of Materials, John Wiley & Sons Inc.