d

Mamagem en A he tan menoorganizadiona

allonal
ina ecive and
elficiend wahner
goabs
feals
thyough lanurg, Ogandair Hefr), divedn
Ceoexdiiaig A'Yd conyolliy ovgani2átional
eOWrce

Reyowrce ccygani2aiona aefa

2 MacAmery
Mderial
.Momey

potamce o Mhmagemez

.Management Creates eamworkand feam irt

an organization by deveeprry a o u d
Crgaizaiena) rucfwre

2. I britg he uman and maleriad resoury

he
tege ther and motivadey thebeople ey
Oce yemer goa:
3
ective dilization reource (,0,0, Mn)
. Develepmerde7esoece
mcorporate imovation

65tabilityin the ocie

 Sorme othc poytace ehragened
PcPe hicvemen noup poaly
20ptmum titlatiom oYesowncea.
3. Mmbation oCot
eneratloyo employ ment
S. Sunviva and 4nowth
 Managemen a a eience
cience -
SCence can be
deßined aoay ayPe
e a
byspe matie
0qpC mec ody o now.ledge boed matie a.d
bser ved
idrp), acts ad eveyi bgical, ogiclyon

Science CopriJes
be
veriiec
oexact rociple
can eabish whuch
amd
Cca

dndeect relations.
and
CLe

ChnacteYtic) oScjence
I.ie
e >ci emce 1m
managmentalo here
avaldability 9tematic and orgar
tudy matcrlal
2 Scieniciciples are derived on the buy
bas
dogica and sciendific obiervatiom
3.
inciple aze babee On eforted experimer
. iverh Oniveral Vadit

5Relication poJ ble

nivenyay accepted inciles
iediic ircipley rehre>ed hasie s
aboutafarticwar Aieldeny uAYy- These

f mcples may be apelied_in al tuaticn)

a l tiwneam at_a_flace.
 urd
urdan
ome
anager
'anagemeyd alo coman
be a/ed uTdyey al
inciple chich can

kehe Pinciple y cowmayd

|peyimendation and Observaton

derryed hred
Seienic primciflrs ane

ientific imveyiigation avd reearchirg

hey ahe based om Jogic

The
he pnctple hat caith qoe ound h
has
hay beem cientilically hwved ang
imcple) ane obo e d on r e n i c eCr
and chscrvation and mot only om he c
Hen-y iyed. They haye been develet
hyough
hyeughexperimenh and radical experie
olarqe mo. of manager

33 H ebserved tha lair remumeraliom

herAonau helps in Creaüy a Aajird
werer
Cause and_elfect edationsAip-
Prmciles o scienee ay dowh caule
eect edatuon shi between Varicy Valae
Ex-
When metas ane heated, thcy d7e
xharded. 7he Cause Isheatrgad re
exparuon.
The Same t u e or man og emed ,
aso esfabliyhe
herefcre
iT càuye ayd elfre
elationship.
Ex-
Lack baxity balamce) between ahorte
yepoibilty wi Jead to me/fectiym
and
T ww KE ae gven O b o nuey, /uy
hey w workhad bd when nof
w'cge
ted
Hhey Ma And u manner, reducey
eated
oductivity of ganizátion
1/-09.19

anagemed os an 7

A mcans
All te ge fhe desired eult
Jed ge
oppication o knolnd
atmay be defin ed as ercmaizrd
licatiem o general theetica) pri'ncip.
ache vg best pod>ible rrsud.
Char actevistrs _ t
Practical knewledpe
Pexrsonal Ski.
3. Cyeatirty
Pexlectiom hroughhroctice
S. boal-oriented.
 Danage men d a diheiplne

Cexy fam Code

comduct o
a ndger) a
i'nicote-s VArTO me fhoda anano
entrprise

2 /anagemet iaCowh)e
A
o udy wheh
J omolly beirg daugid im
now
nbtute ard umiveyitbe after cofleiing
aprecribed

cr diplema
CoWe 0Yby
Mamgemen_
obtarmg degrre
empleymerd Sa manaper

3 There m wtbr chadary and inkera why

commumMcate relevant nouledpe dhrous
r e eancb amd usicatio)

4. The kno wledge

. beJmaly injetd
rcnamm es.
by educaiom ad tyam
Vated
Dated
2 . o 9 .
( 9

|Evotion /aropmedConcep

The o ign of evodutiom dmoge.mend

can betaced back to. the days whe
wanfartec livivg goup:

History >eveals tha tor men O ryanie e

the mus cito gou accorg
merto copabil
indelligenmce, ptyical ard merda copobili
Fvidence o he e ohe wel recopi
imciple omanage me tobe fourd
im the crgamzatém publicue
amier hreec The orgrwi2aton e the
|Romman
Romam Cathoe Chuch amd he OYgan
zatiem ofmilitary orce
Thu maTagerher Smeomn or he
otherhay
ha yee ractice d t h e variow
o f the word ince he dawn of
ciilizatin-

with he ov st ivcduutial revoltion

o we ver, he bositiom Lmderwen a adica
charye The ructure ef ndwstry becan
ytrCmely ComplexAt hy stagc the
evelopmed a Jormaltheey
manaae menJ hecane
he
period e_700 to 180o engeha.dze)
indyhal rcveltion amd he facteryy
 highlig Ads the induyhriaevaldie and e
boy tance e dirccion a) a Managcrin
Thuy he de vebhrme nd
omanape men
theoy cdY
heecoized he way
with pecple
,peepl
have uggled
Pmes ivM olden
re'atiomship)
uraticawar perieds.
Evahution managemef thoth may he
devided imts owrsfape

Pecieic mdnapemend period

2 Classical Thcory
Scientiicamagemerd Toylor
Adminihrative anagemeni_ef Paye
i)Bureaucratic Model eMax Weber
3Neo-dassizal heory or Behavieur rench
4.Mecder heory or Sytexms rooch
Evouion Managemert hau

Yre-Seieatijic COasyjcal heory Nea-Closica Modern

V'aragem en Vend Th cory Thtor
onotor) roe cietjic Hawfhrome ysems
by Planagemer ApAroach
Rovrapo (athole Admniatie Expeiment ortirpeng
proash
undgemen
Thecoy
gavzottion) BuneaucrUC
wyt ike ce
Charde) babbgel
eLmeut,efc.
/2.09-19
Vected
Veded

Theory
EvodtiowoMamege mert Iheory
Casycal Manapemead School

(1880- (9 3)

Scientific
Admies fat've
Bwreaucratit

Neo-Classical Mamagemend Shool

C920-1950)
Human Relatiors
BeAavioral

3 dem Managemend Scho

SGtems
Contmgency
Organizdticnal RunmanLAm
anage mmen CCieNCe

The Evolutioy o Munenenhexy

Orgnieational 5rvironmevd han

aragemerd Science (heory

8ehayiora lamagemen heory

Sc endfic anapenl heeny

8.90 19od19o 920 /930 19 Yo 950 (96 0 199o 198o (990 200
 Pre-Scientisic Manayement Peyiod

The d advendt dutrial

revoJillern in the
m ddde the 18h Cerdwy had it
mamagemenf mdutaia ipocd
on
about acoplete charye im the brou
wnethods
c rhroducticm,
e toos avd equpment,
2atio labowr ad
methody ar Ovgor- rr9
cprtal

Eeloyee wenf fo they woyk idead o

celuimgit, and o, the
intead
actovypem
o
t t Anowm oday Decome a domian
eatwr o the ecemomy. rder th Juter
Mand amo building, hired labour, dd caitu
a7e made avallable o the emireprevr,
rive to Com-bine hee Jacfovs in he
eicen achlevem.en o a forticwar_feal.
AU Mese cknge), m tum, brought about
cange) Îm he ield omanagen Tradond
onventioma or Cutomay deas managens
Came
were Yowly 4/ven u and AMApeMen
to be bayed on Scienic principles:
Mederm
n the words_ol L.6.Urwick manapem En

branch o humay
ha thyo um eben a new

0 discewre
newedg
Duwun
Dwrinry he
beriod
resh umlvere
beriod yelowiny he induti
fo chalge
ied
Voltin, cerain ioneer
 yIagemeyy
eetnagy

chamcer
character

he
hoditional
Jdeas
ard der
ew. 1dea
new
by inroduci new idaj q
by
managenend
by
b
mtroduc
mtroducA

motable con'ybuto raal

Com'rbudor

roache
The
one
hs pe 1od
James wdl denior (OR 796-
(796-
1PJamesw
18 48)
8 ard M
ard aJuv
Mt
(UR
Jame loutom
(1290 -183)
Robindon dd Mathew
confributed
he dee
to the develo
Boultop ced
Robinon
hough JoMoul Cera
b oMoung
wnapemen engimee
Techmiue Im he
man4genert
m Bimrgham
a t Soho
y
OKI8N-195Y)-Kowntre e
Secbohm kowndhee
Created
he need o labou
ublic ofiniem om
iprovemendt n
welyarecheme _and
/he mdustrial weya
indutria relatíor
Society, he manage m e n TJOarc-h group
and heOxford
Lectwre Corference im the

Lcuar U. K owed heir ovipm amd progre

the dere amdzea oRowntree
 Classical 7heovy

Charles Babhogc, Javne Wa Juwor

fro Mathew Kobinsom Boulton, Robe Owev,
aYd

Robiy-on 1bwne ad Rourntree wer

Hen y
hd
dubd,'ome e s o mamagemen hougl,

d, he iact heiy condribitios on

a a whoAe wa mcagc
he imduty
Teeabeinnrg othe c/ence of
A mot o ccwr utill he hy
a n a g e r m e n

decade the 9 th century.

thù pericdauns
ike u w.
Dwung
urung Emero Frank_ard
Gand
Taylor, H. L
Lilianhilberth
the Joundatien
efe-, aid due
Which
Counie.
i'm due
jn Cowue
manage mens,
Known ) cientic mcmagemes
Came to be

ae
W. Taplor_avd Hem ryFayol
w. the Houmder
Yegarded o
eneraly
ent amd ad m y r a i v
maagem
iemtii he hayes
byes
and both pro Vided
managemend
mamagemerd
x j e n c e domd
ah e
o
dlayica
oMngemen in he
Feadwrey
Peria
with Me dutnd
Ae idust
ayociated
way closely agecale
1 was
revolutiov
andhe
rthe e

eerise
 Catical ovganzation ad wOTagrme.
Thecy
heo hused on contibuion T
oubey eounce
hey ae cjenific mI NAgEME, Am
tive manageme heoYy, bureaucrali
mdel, and mucKo -

ecoMO YniJ dd publie

adToimitation.

Mlanagemert thoughtocuA ed yos contr

a
divisien o Jabowr, tardardization, im
icatien dmd spectalizatienamd crevtfie
atproach touahds xganization.
 Seieifie hgmtnl
Harted a am bi
hiladeha
adhe Midvale
Yne
hehe inl
gmeey
e n Sey ved h gImRYr
he BehJe) yh,
h e y e he cpem i4h
wih da
mde he Contyhdioy to
the Yrr oger
4hcy
hery fo uhich he i o well raufn

Fyderrek winlow laylor we- Pnoum a

heumdet obcientic mamogrmerd way i
i e r ecopviee and enpAas h ne
Jer odeptiro a cie ntilic afproach to tte
as mamaging dm enherpribe.

Htried to dicg nobe The cduses clew

ici ency Am Imd utry and came J the
ici enay
Comuyoy had much o w a t e and
riciency due to the Jac of oroer
ardy,dem t h e methods /manayeness

He urd hothe namagem f wa

10To rand t h e omou wok tÁt cous
be
be done by a worker m a day as ar
he bet methcd of doi the eb

ihe
A d e u t i remamed latyely ad
ho doi)'oyaiey
y the woTAe
nery
e
work
 Thecterdc mehad c o n i eye

a Obervatlom
Peaycuhe meni
Experimendation
erehce

He summed u h i thebe
appooah im hee u
He
Science, mot rue o_ thumb
Hatmony, mot dcoyd
oopertiom, mat uhoh viduals
Maximum ouwfut Inlace reicted e
The deveopmers o edch man fo Aaqpedhi
eliciency And properTty
 Admnihastiv. anageme
Thee
Henry Fayo wa the moAt
expomen h heory. Tne
he
poytad
TONn cala)t Ymcipl,
unu Pyamida
o Comma
exceptionrmciple, pam Codro ad
epatmenalisstiom 0e anc othe
mpe a concepty >et ovth o the
md h lo wer ike by Fayo
Simon, Oywick, ulick
Moon ey an Perle
ete.
Fayol' rmciples Managemer Ihe
prinei
o md'tagemenJ e piven below.

.'vion owo.
2 Authorty and Resporaibility
3
Umity o Commard
SUhnityo Direefion
Emphasis on Subordimation o Peasona
dere to bhemeral r Common Ltert.
Kemm e ratio
Eguity
Ceralzation Stabilty o Tenyrt

Scala7 Chan Esprit e! Cortfrden

Oder Trritiative
 Bwneacatic Mdel M d e l

Se ciolagist de
So
cialagis

y e n a
oenan
m o d e l .
Hi
aa
hebe,
burcaucyatic

x
he
eed
b w r c a c r a c g /nctde
/ n c l u d e

authorrt
t r haed p
uncttora
H'eP
2 Divson o
s h e c i a l z a t f e n .

pesonality efterperxnd) relation

S y s f e m _ e r u l e

3
procedwpes

apen tech
wbrk
A Sytem

ees
bsed
acement enplog
6.
Com-petenre

athority and
þower
Legal
model ef a
a rigid
BueauCYaCy xovides not accoumd
I_does
caganuz adtion.
inpotat human elcmexty.
The featwe
Buhea ucray a e

avd higher cot

IRigdidy, inderonary
COAinlh
2 Aety due to rMere ef coermityi
ues a roced urre
3 D e pt Ydence e perOr
., Tevdency to oxge udimde goaly oe
0Ygani2-tiom
Neo-claica Theoay
Neo-classjcal
eoxy build omeboe
claica
heorg
. modiied poeved
ad ertoded the asncal theory

Class ca Theory. comcehat ed o b codr

8nd mamagement
And hyica reowcey
whex co,neo cla cal o r y a ve geado
emphat o intividual ind prop reto.
hip in he wrkplace

148o-Ja
eorg e Eltom ayo (Autralia,

neorgeEton was educatedn Logic

St. Pete1h ColNege
Amd Phidobophy at ereseacher>
Adeaide. He JEJ a team carries
Udverty, which
rom a vayd human proble)a
imvedipatim_ în
o Plat
W e t e r n edrcu
o
the Haw orne
He 4 neraly
ompAy a Cicago of_Heman
he JAher
copn2ed aC
e
Relatio SchoA,.
 Expexrimen.

thaone hd
Haw
broughd
ow he
The experimcjh e _ employee) ro4e
o f

producfivity
o n l y
Cornd o
p h y s i c a l _ C o n d t i o

unctiom
money
w a ge
wag e3 pai'd
fud to
eteo
k_and
empleyee
deperds dehends heavi
ductivity ef ep
Lhe hec satis/action enloyeee.
e he enpley Way
The
he dea
dea w
ituatèn
Im their work
werefor Aesy i'n por
that logica facto)a c f o idetermeni
im determ
cmotiona
than
ani
eiciency. Thup Mayo Ccmcu
productivty m acld tion to
addjtion fo
ddharJETnEn
hodt work TeGUremets o
me eti the obyettive
the Same f m e ai
roduciiov muyt d
reuuremed
theeployee^ by ective
ocic tiYactiom at hu uok flace
Hawthorne epermMent co
The
The
oerfart.
7lummation Experimed
2
AMembly Tes Reon Erperme
3 terviewirgProgramne
Am litfmg T fRoom Experime
FemCnty _oBehavioura The
ae three d elemer
There
heory
behavio ttaTh eory.
The ndividual
herk roup
Nam men
3. Pacticipative anope
 odem hcory (Sytem thonch
7o manageme,j
he
he ten abpr odch
indicates he heory
owth mayor heory
called m
managemcd houph
heory
heory Mpdermabtheory CcmMder a
omadaptve
Organizatiom
which has to adu to chome
it envomnend An rgozadion
now dehmed as_a tructuned ro.ces
in which idividual interaf
aainimg obyectives.
: he word yen
MeaniroeSytm derived rom he
reek work mearimg to_bnng TogeTher
or to Combne. yem usef/
imdercornnected ad iter-reldrd em
er Comement p s te achieve Certuy
goal). A
 CharateriAtics Modern anay emc

The Sytems pbrcach

DymamC
2 Mudrlered and Mctidimerional
3
4Mutmo Aivatd
Multidibciplinay
ltivarlable
Ahoptive
Probahiluatic
 Codnyency Theo
heoay
Syster fooach erphabizes tha
- ystems aM 0TJarI2allo aleal
lion al
wth he per
ane
eemUYO med
gytem
ter commedfed amdimterrelated
Centngency apr0ach analysts and
ydertavds theseiter relaiow.
ohat managertalaCTOS Can b
dytusted to deand
especipic sMudh
or CiyrumAiam Ce
Thus
Thuy the
Conttngency apac
enables uy to evodve
ansut
t reblems de mading_odition.
ractical
YACnizatiom amdAanage id
actio w u Pr2prid
moI g Spedi
appropride
tyaticrs wil Aave o be toSpeci
adopted
to achieve the b e
Uyder he
poAsible resuld
qtren Jtuatiom here
no be
ome
way ay ad VeCated_by
laylor) to
orgadnize CAd mamape
Howe ver, he Cotngency
appaoach
>ye m fwo iitat1'o
I does et
Yocognize
Hhe uent
YMamaqeme COmceptyard technige
om en vlyomm tyd
2.|Lterotwhe om ContimfeTcy maTvge me
yet neadeguate