1.

Selection of project topic (Introduction)

(yEfaua r,TAT)

AStrokoqu he one that Qaue u the word

diaasler Hanu belive that when tacs &
hlanets are in maluvolana hosiHon in_our naial
chort bad event6 or bad hingA weud hahhen
Everyone e u Loves to_auoid such bad hing4
or dtáapers ust as a natural tan change the
Xandarahee our heráonal ves ad w a
aAhecta our tommunit330 too con
dilerent tuhea diaastersdrashcall y alkr he
nfural environment Thecycdon that oCured
in Nyanmar in 9008 or the wildires
that ahfead throughout Caliornia in 2009
are examhlus houw areas lond hat
dtail whol edosyskemA can ho drammahtaly
chanaed damaged or tranaormed rom a
sing disaser euent
Diaaskra whether natura or man-mad
Can havedevastinq dectaon he
environnmant Natural dizatrá Auch as
loods
hurricanLs wildicA con coube wid
8hread_ dentrucHon toecosuskems and
indutrial acidantA Auch asoil ahill ond
chemical rlase can ead to 2ong torm
Rnuironmental damage reunt Neats
the worRd has winesed on inreane in the
n
15
 requena and intnAih a
natural dhastrs
and man-madi diAabters onhnuD
hose 0a Blqnilitantto the environment|
threat
he
The hurhose thishroject to exhloreto
theenuironmenta imhaca e
diáaakIA

y
incdu din their elects on airwaker
801 qualihy ab wll atheir imhact
on hiodivaraih and climak change y
examining CODe studies o_hatdisaskrA
his hrofect aima to hrovlde insighta
into the ellects dibasters Dn he
Rnuironment and to hrohoae rakgies
or dusabterhr even Hon and manaqem ent
fha an eldgcHvolu hulh tomiiaae
the imhactA disabers

16
2. 1ertance of the
teic (rerertt wxa)

The tohit oenuironmenial imhacts

disastets De gredt imboclanu in today workd
Disaser both natural man-made (anhave
dwabHng ellects on environment
iading fo
Xong-em damaqe to eCOBuskmb naturl
rebufu
By Atudyinq the enuironmental
imhacts
disastet6
the
we Can qain a
heHir un dorbtanding
Ways in whidh disaptrs aleg the
enuironment he Aeverity their mhot This
underatanding can hulh in dawelohin eldecHue
Atrakgie or disatr hrevenHon hreh atedness
and nmanageMent
Horeover thio tohi is imhortant in the
Lontext
Can hulh D
6wtainahlo oLvelohment ab t
idanHJy the wayA in which
disabkrs Can allect the achieuement the
Utainah Dovalohment roals 9pG9)
indudinq qoaks rolaled to dimak acHon
dan wak and 8anitaion Rike bolow
wakr and 2e on 2and
Tn short the tohic a enuironmentak
imhacds e disamius i riHcal in
odeu elohing a morg Autainah and
fOsiRient uture and in enburinq the
hroecHon our hlanet and H3 robourco
O Huo qeneraHoro

17
3. Objectives of project work (Thua73ta)

disaslers on environmen
TO tudy the imhacds ek
enuironmental
Dixasers credle AubstanHal
imbalonco hinder
more odo
degradaHonecoloqical erse
0doerse
many
develohment
60uo -eonomic
hazardous ellets

TO tudy daiaHon c imhads edisasers

b
elleda disaskrs (an
Imhacs or adverde em
CWasilied intp major minor,dhor erm,Xong

3 To reueal ornd out the_hobsih cause dus

to whih both natural & man-mady disasters
Disasters are not random&do not
ocur
OCur
arudenty Theu are du to 8everal taube Hhat

a man nature COmbininglu esHmale

4)Toebtimale the 20s6 eCOBustem du ho

dibaskrs The Loss rom ollbaster a

broadir

conuht than itA tobt which conven Hon allu felers

onLy to the 2ooseb that are reimbursed bu
inpurane comhanies gouernments

55 To suagpt stakoles to miHgakeHhe

enuironmentol imhact dis asers

18
4. Project Work Mlethodology (vauaSTug ut)

DelinaHen a Nethpdalnou
The Baic and simhi dliniHsn_e
methedoloau i HhatNthodelegu aayákm
e methods and hrinuhias Joc daing seme
sheci thing or task methodokequ
AIMAE_anakused inlomatien about a tohic
Rale o Ntthodo Rogy in Researh
Hehodoogybone o the main hart e
rOaearch_ aa itahows the hath or way e
dbing feearch on Ahel tohic aA search

methodoloqu hrovides &uenHical indinas

detailed hlan that kuh the hha b.
ebearch on hrack& hith-alao makusthe
fAearch hroceA 6moota RecHve 0nd
time &Qving
Nethodolpqu hrovidt ua comhttk data
LoLucHen tools which m akid colcheh o
data vorn much eausier alho hlayá an
major ole in rebearchas in many elds
The en Hre febearch lan A based on the
ConLoht nght Ieatarch methodo Rogu Kesearck

methodonay qiven in-dehh dea ahout Hhe

choesen tohic or tesearth 0ts 0 enkre
nerve Centre ad entrefeearch bounded
around it

19
Hvai Rab l tots or Oata leiecHen t
Data to be coliuckd can be e t0o fuhs
Poimatu data
Ath has yhe el data in which the
h colluct rom own
his
RDRarchr
Search This data pirs-hand and has
analyzed
not hrwieuaklycoluckd or
b anyone alse TooRs available or
Exherimen tal
Lokcien e hrimaty data are
Data er tab work on hrQiect durueys
Feild viáit etc
inkrvlevo wstonnaries
becondary Data
relers to the data that has already
bun co uckd analuzed Qnd hubhlished by
60meone else Secondar data an be Cost-
eecHve and Hme-ekiuent 0ay to qather
infom aHen Took availahle Jor colu CHon
Arondan data Tourna a Bcoks
Nuwshaher Records Biograhhies Govern mnt
Records webaile te
Aeluched mo jar Daa CoilHan 8-
O Phimaru Data NknNiLO
Fald visit
8econdar douru Inkrnet
Book&/ ArHdis
Nwshaher Recordls

20
Dekaila el Huthodooqy t
mlerviQO 8
An intervieo anatmerwho awd
adverse2ecta o fainbn his il which
LCaubed wtr logging
FRoods ate alwayd douabtng and qive
a might blou iuall to ih armers
heu hut in all ther elortA and eruthinaa
qelA deuastd
heavu Cains dt
in wt w
days
Knoo rom thearmer
HARL the imhad 0akr Logaing in heir
Joilds Here aCL &ome usHon thatwere osked
our and wa undorwater0 ouhlu e
days du to heavy rairns 0hat do NOL
Aul at the threats to your and and
it A0i allersuch ondiHon
How the &tanding roh in the olld
alleched bu Autha the disaslefou
VD.
LORHnDws rain which ulHmatel u reAuWed
in atr ogaing in Nour eilals
) 4ohat do dbu ul ate the short tm
and ong trm ecA wak oggina
Jor theiPd iS Aoi uohA and all
ofher tuhib mirofganlAMA hAent in
io) NOwadays heohln mostLuiHAIZO
the ube achemlcalerHzorsOA the
manLase unJerHhy 6012 Doou

21
think hat this tuhe ondiH Dns w0uld
be matehatmJul to the Jarhilih
Aoithan the We ochemital _JerHizeA
INDedHdus hLschdus and al he ohur
yhn o chemital ukAed
P an NDU 6uggeat &ome hre cauhoNA
O ethniqus that can be imhlemen ed
to reduthe OVerall loss both
aormer and the nuironment ( a Very
base eva in Auth adveme condiHons

becondac outu
Booko /ArHds
The Imhocts Natural Disaskrs
A oss
LrameunorkloAs Himahonn
dn arHcby NaHonal Atadumi
Pres A0ashington DC
Webaite
hH l sdenung.(om /imhact-natural-dikanks
5502440htm

22
5. Observations (fAtau)

he ormer we
the Tnkrvit
During
hasicalluobserved that the imhata e
diAaskrS on the environ ment are mu ch more
been exhecka heAe
that we could have
imhad onnotbe ilwstrakd omhltkly
bu humans Feuy observaHons that we
maderom the Inkruieuo were a oiows
Heauu rairw that are conHnousMakes
the kd Awomhy and uNAulHablor

)
Uoh iulHvaton his ulHmakly mak an
umhad on environment inandal (ondiHon_
eOur theomer
countft
well 0 ad on the economu

I hiA
daus
ondiHons hetáiAt or
the e
H Con albo fult in hau
mañy
Floods
Rondb in thatharHlor acea
Could tomhlukl
be duvasHng and Can
maki huge imhact on individuals
LOmmunity eonomy and the enuironment
that
UD also observed a techniqu
0e
ton be (ed b 2armerA TD 60ve their
Jeidds du to ConHnous heavy rains This
kchniqu (an be a stratgie to miHoak
enuionmental diaanlera
the imhoct
From all the6etondaru &0ufus that we

23
uNd r data coRlcHonw cbaened thati
Ndtural dwasks ton hase a
alkmatina imha on he individuals
and amies eneugn to urvivg Hhem
the elle natural disaakis an be let a
the
the
Hmep
mmunih uny andstak
tan imacan enr
r
luss man
ounNatunal
didabkt tan hawe huge enuimamental
imhata a wll uen hen human
LommuniHes elaualy unalleied Ho well
he imhat sa
dlbabkr uent
ha muth to do with the inknA
abaorbed

imhactand theul s
hrehatednuas and
i the Aubjec
Athe
lien
individual u imhatdkd
the mpa
Lan kn he Ja hhusitally manially
and emaHonnlly DiAaskrsQLUNP duhucHon_
hroherh nAA nancial nurs
and inuy orÜnus The
r0urces
herAonal

shiltr an held
RCLITIN and
masaiue neputaton
as lass

migrah ons kr xhereinung natural a

disaskr manyindividuals daveleh dever
Lhoat- fraumahcbtits didordus or witdraw
int otata s
dehousion 0thers daualeh
negaHve aóouahons AD IK the enuton ment

24
in more doglohed nahonA thio Can
to 6ioniirant hohulaHon migraHon
b
ad a nalural
(ommuniHéb thaf exherienu
disaber must also ah6orb the imbac6 o
nebe deDtrucHue events, Nany Lotal communihgs
Pose &0 much in eonomic reources that
fetoverQ betomediliuh not almodt
imhossibl dome ommuniHes ind ohhortuniny-
in the alermath adiaasherto rebuila
beHar and stronger communiH es They mwst|
kn fLtognizhohuahon dmoarahhiC and
ultucal shiltA a a t e their
individuol Hzens
Tn 2005, Hurricane Kaina devaskd
NeuD 0cians and the Nisoia4ibhi gu coast
Tn New 0anb alone morehan d0000
homes Uere destroued over 70 / ethe
e idinthohulaHon had to be at ast
emho.rorily otakd Outoidi the areakr
Neu OrLeans afea ESHm aks e over 9105 t
9 150 biUion in reducod tax revenuu werz
RDt to the ut
Juat a a natural con dhang e the
2andbtahg our herson ves a well
g ahe.cts 0L Community 60D to0 (on
cilerent tuh dibasteA drabHcallu

25
alkr the natural enuironment Thehe dons
that OCurred
wildjirethat
in Nuanmar n 2008 Or fne
shread throughout (alilornia.
Hn 20oq are examhl e
ho areas e
ond that dotai wholQLO6u6kma (an be
dramahally donmaaed or translomed ronm a
single_disaatr event on aRaor 6/alu the
dibak feqarding hou to addra Qlohal dimake
change the taulung naiural imhaa A
ea
CHherhuncuatdh eshimates
u inureases that wil Lomhltefu U0amh
6ome 1slond n aH ons
Ouerall the nvironment.a mhact
disasteA i4 a A1gniitont uwthat
equites atenHan and achon Preharednns
measures Auch a
eac 0aming &skms.
evaLaHonhfano emeraenu honoe
faining Can hlh to reduco Hhe imhact
disastti6 On beth heahl and the
eruironment dong term meabutes as uh
Atainablo daulohment eLDbuatm
ObtoraHon and dimak change adahtahon
tan alo huh to build reailiene and
cedue vulnerabi Pih to environmental
di sasters

26
6. Analysis of data (Tfata fayarrn)

0Pve anu hrob Rom we n egd fo

idunHuits taue Tn theAame 0y
Btu ding the (auses edisasterA wOuld hln
w indstraleqies tomiHaak environmental
imhdttá_odisapkrg
Oisasters Can he cabrd by
actors induding naturat euents
a variet
human-
athons or a Combinaten e both:Hele or2 som
Lommon (aubese disapeis
Natural events Natural eUent6uth aA
ParHhauakes hurrians
voRtanic eruhHonD
9dodsand wiLdjires ran awse disaskrs thue
Pvents are len unhredictahR and con be
iggered b natura Aorces&Uch ad tectonic
movements 0eather haHerna o qeogological
(Oimak chang Uimak change 14 (awsing
on inurease in the requencu and 6e0ert
natural dizastrs uch ab oodshurriconus
and iRdjiros imat chonge (awed by A
human adHyiH es 8udhLas burning 0sil eula
and dolofestakien ohich contobule to qrun
hoube QO emióó1ors and the warming
thehl ane
9Human acHonb Disastera can also be
aubed human acHons Auch ab industtia

27
 Urudanta thumiral zhil nudhor aridni und
tfornhoctalion uudnts are-
Thuse dibaskts
len the rebult e human errorneglign
0 otk Ovefaight
onlid ond war Thib can albo tause
disaski Zutha the dizhiaument o heohl
dtrudion

5nrosruGure
e
domagg duu to
inrastrutture ond
oweohons
and Hchonizaion
environmento
bmililar

Rahid
operokians

ubaizahion and inadhquaeiarabtu.cue

ton contribuk to dissters Fhr exampk
hoorky toD.notrudedbuigding on oahse
dutingeacthquakes or other ngdurol enent
whikeinadiquak dranage pem (an
LOibu to onding
undestanding the Lames disabtib
imbortanJorJor hreuentnq and miHaaHng
their eleds ThL6 nvokues ndebHng In
disastr 1tont inrastruture hromothing
BUtainohlpraHa had feduto the siók o
disastersand dmeloping e0fy 0rning udko
to altt heohl t0 holenHal disabter
HiHgahng the imhact o disaskssA
uiftal dhallungg 2aud hu (ountri e
around the otka ohi2 there are
simiariHe instrak qiek emhloued by India

28
and other countrles to mihgak di4asetsth ere
are albo some dierencos
Eary 0acninq 6l4kmb Tn India thebe
duu to
&YAkmA Qre not alwau ellechoe
4actots60ch ab hoor communiaHon inrasru=|
ure ack o unding and inadiguae
dusiminahon enlarmahon In (ontfast
dvelche.d ountris olkn have more aduanted
egcky warningystemp induding 8alellite
babed tchnoRoqy6ophiatakd data analyhcs
2 DI4abkr feibtanf inrastucdure KcHh Tndia1
and other (ountries have dssaskr mana4ement
hlana and in disaskr-ebiotant
inveDt

inobtrucduce uch buildings designed t

a
witand1 earthquakes and ood-febiatont
inratrUture Howeuor the evel _e invptment
atd elecHune e thia inrabtructure
Naries udilu
Honagement Plans BoHh Tndia
and
3)Oibaaer
other ounkienhave dbadkrmanagement
hlon that reshon/he hroto.cols and
indude
t0-ordinaHon mechanióms
Howeder in ndia
thevd ohreharednLs and allictvenus
(an var du
widlu to adk oours
hoRiHal wilete
4)Communitu engagement A he countties
eLognize the imhortanto oCommunity
engagement in diaatr miHgation ellortb
However divelghed countri ollen haye more
RAtabiahed community-babed orqanizaHons that
are inuolued in disaskr hreharednus 0nd
rhonbe whiduuilohing countoiee kk India
may a0 thallngeb in engoqing (ommuniHes
du to actors buch a lou leracu tales or
autural barrierb
Farmer aloUDe s0me techniqu
Ond wDetakmgorsthat (an ellecively
Work to reduu the el4etA evarioüs
aduerse CondiHond athe
vofubabic vel.
In (ase eheaDy fains they dig a
(onHnDIS hat makin4 OR Lshahe around
o
the bordurs the pildT i duq in
6uh a w thatit COmeshonoles ho he
auu
sohe the Jpild
In tases
all tneXU wa in th
o Uchd in it whih oduus the
heauu rains
id gets
6o19and the crohb uWHNatd in H.

30
7. Restzits and Conchusions (fAtesd)

HOHough natural dibaskls ace h_ duliniHon

undwirab& Jor humons they olkn Larr severa
eroPogeitak benelits FRoocb afe hrime
PXamhlu mixed economic and environmental
elledsA the other extreme droughts not
onky hrDduco ecanomic damage but vitually
all their enuironmenia imhads 0te
albo undesirahle
There are only imikd QuanHtaHve_data
theenuironmental (osts natural
disasler dhudies Conduded reueal thot
Dumero environmental hrohemb cQubed by
natural disasters oen have aiqniAitant
Cobequence oreLOAyslemb and pnentually
heohl Aouefes and eLonomis Thus even
inough thee enuironmental imhads may n0t
readiytanskae into moneH zed Poses,ther_
imbortonto 6uggebth they &hnuld be
lonsiduted by qovern ment acadimia and
the hrivale sector in the study and duian
Ghazard miHgaHon ond land uwe holicies

31